焊接鋼筋英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

『壹』 求一篇施工方面文章及英文翻譯 謝

高層建築
大體上建築施工工藝學方面已經有許多進步, 在超高層的設計和施工上已經取得了驚人的成就。
高層建築早期的發展開始於鋼結構。鋼筋混凝土和薄殼筒系統已經經濟而競爭性地被用於大量的住宅和商業目的的結構。由於新型結構系統的創新和發展，現在從50到100層的高層建築遍布全美國。
更大高度的要求增加了樑柱的尺寸以使建築物剛性更強，以便在風荷載作用下建築物將不會產生超過一個可接受限度的擺動。過度的側移可能導致隔牆，天花板和其他建築細部的重復性損害。此外，過度側傾可能使建築物的居住者因為對擺動的知覺而導致不便。鋼筋混凝土和鋼結構系統，能充分利用整個建築物固有潛在的勁性，因而不需要額外加勁以限制側傾。
例如，在一個鋼結構中，經濟性由建築物房屋面積每平方英尺鋼的全部平均數量來定義。圖一中的曲線A採用層逐漸增加的數量表現傳統框架的平均單位重。曲線B則表現框架受到所有橫向荷載保護下的平均鋼重量。上下邊界之間的間隙則表現傳統樑柱框架為高度付出的額外費用。結構工程師已經發展了可消除這一額外費用的結構系統。
鋼結構體系。因為一些類型的結構改革，鋼高層建築物得到了發展。此改革被用於辦公大樓和公寓的建造。
帶有剛性帶式桁架的框架。為了將一個框架結構的外柱約束於內部的垂直梁架,可能在建築物中部和頂部採用一個剛性帶式桁架的系統。這一系統的最好例證是在密爾瓦基的威斯康辛州第一銀行建築物 (1974)。
框架筒體。只有當建築物突出地面的所有的柱構件能夠彼此連接使整個建築物成為一個空心筒體或一個勁性箱體時，一幢高層建築的整個結構才能最有效。這種特殊的結構體系第一次大概是用於芝加哥的43層樓高的德威特栗木鋼筋混凝土公寓。而這一系統最重要的應用是紐約的110層樓高的世界貿易中心的鋼結構雙塔。
對角柱桁架支撐筒體。建築物的外柱可以被適當的分隔卻仍能通過在樑柱中線處交叉對角構件連接使之作為一個筒體而共同工作。這種簡單而又極其有用的系統最早被用於芝加哥的約翰漢考克中心，其僅僅使用了傳統的40層樓高建築的用鋼量
組合筒體（束筒）。由於對更大更高的建築物的持續需求，框架筒和對角柱桁架支撐筒可能採用組合使用的形式以創造更大的筒，並仍可以保持高功效。芝加哥110層樓高的西爾斯瑞巴克總部有9個筒，由三排建築物組合而成。一些個別筒體終止在建築物不同的高度，證明了無限建築可能性的結構觀念。西爾斯塔高1450英尺（442m），是世界上最高的建築。
薄殼筒體系。筒結構體系的發展提高了高層建築抵抗側向力（風和地震作用）和飄移（建築物的側向運動）的能力。薄殼筒使筒結構體系有了進一步的發展。薄殼筒的進步是利用（高層）建築的外表面（牆和板）作為與框筒共同作用的結構構件，為高層建築抵抗側向荷載提供了一個有效的途徑，而且可獲得不設柱子，節省成本，使用面積與建築面積之比很高的室內空間。
由於薄殼表面的作用，筒體的框架構件數量減少，使得結構更輕，費用更少。所有標准柱和外牆托梁都採用標准型鋼，使得組合構件的使用和花費最小化。四周外牆托梁的深度要求也被減少，而且樓板上的頂梁對有用空間的佔用會達到最小。這種結構系統已經被使用於 54 層樓高的匹茲堡的梅隆銀行中心。
混凝土體系。雖然採用鋼結構建造的高層建築開始很早，但是鋼筋混凝土高層建築的快速發展在辦公大樓和公寓方面對鋼結構體系產生了很大的挑戰。
框架筒體。由上面討論到的，高層建築最早的框架筒體概念應用於43層樓高的德威特栗木公寓。在這一建築物中，外柱以中心距為5.5英尺（168米）的間隔排列，內柱則用於支撐8英寸厚的混凝土平板。
筒中筒。另一個用於辦公大樓的鋼筋混凝土結構體系是將內部框架筒體與傳統的剪力牆工藝相結合。這種體系由間距很小的柱子構成的外框架筒與圍繞中心設備區的剛性剪力牆內筒組成。這種被稱為筒中筒的體系使設計目前世界上最高（714英尺或218米），總費用只相當於傳統35層樓高的剪力牆結構體系的輕型混凝土建築（52層樓高的休斯頓的殼廣場建築）成為可能。
結合混凝土和鋼的體系也得到發展，這方面的一個例子是由Skidmore, Owings 和 Merrill發展的復合體系。它是採用間距很小的混凝土外框架筒包圍鋼框架內筒組成，因此兼有鋼筋混凝土和鋼結構體系的優點。在新奧爾良的一個 52 層樓高的殼廣場建築便是以這一體系為基礎。

Tall Buildings

Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general, spectacular achievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings.

The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing. Reinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes. The high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structural systems.

Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit. Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, ceilings, and other architectural details. In addition, excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because of their perception of such motion. Structural systems of reinforced concrete, as well as steel, take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway.

In a steel structure, for example, the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building. Curve A in Fig. 1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories. Curve B represents the average steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads. The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frame; Structural engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium.

Systems in steel. Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations. The innovations have been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings.

Frames with rigid belt trusses. In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses, a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used. A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building (1974) in Milwaukee.

Framed tube. The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building, for both strength and stiffness, to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column elements can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground. This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43-story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago. The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 110-story World Trade Center building in New York.

Column-diagonal truss tube. The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with. Diagonal members intersecting at the center line of the columns and beams. This simple yet extremely efficient system was used for the first time on the John Hancock Center in Chicago, using as much steel as is normally needed for a traditional story building.

Fig. 1. Graphical relationship between design quantities of steel and building heights for a typical building frame. Curves A and B correspond to the boundary conditions indicated in the two building diagrams. 1 psf = 0. 048kPa.

Bundled tube. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings, the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss tube may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelopes while maintaining high efficiency. The i10-story Sears Roebuck Headquarters Building in Chicago has nine tubes, bundled at tile base of the building in three rows. Some of these indivial tubes terminate at different heights of the building, demonstrating the unlimited architectural possibilities of this latest structural concept. The Sears tower, at a height of 1450 ft (442 m), is the world's tallest building.

Stressed-skin tube system. The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces (wind or earthquake) and the control of drift (lateral building movement) in high-rise building. The stressed-skin tube takes the tube system a step further. The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings, and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area.

Because of the contribution of the stressed-skin facade, the framed members of the tube require less mass, and are thus lighter and less expensive. All the typical columns and spandrel beams are standard rolled shapes, minimizing the use and cost of special built-up members. The depth requirement for the perimeter spandrel beams is also reced, and the need for upset beams above floors, which would encroach on valuable space, is minimized. The structural system has been used on the 54-story One Mellon Bank Center in Pittsburgh.

Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a competitive challenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.

Framed tube. As discussed above, the first framed tube concept for tall buildings was used for the 43-story DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building. In this building, exterior columns were spaced at 5.5-ft (1.68-m) centers, and interior columns were used as needed to support the 8-in.-thick (20-cm) flat-plate concrete slabs.

Tube in tube. Another system in reinforced concrete for office buildings combines the traditional shear wall construction with an exterior framed tube. The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area. The system (Fig.2), known as the tube-in-tube system, made it possible to design the world's present tallest (714 ft or 218m) lightweight concrete Building in Houston)for structure of only 35 s oriel building the unit 52—story One Shell Plaza of a traditional shear wall

Systems compiling both concrete and steel have also been developed，an example of which is the composite system developed by Skidmore，Owings & Merrill in which an exterior closely spaced framed tube in concrete envelops an interior steel framing，thereby combining the advantages of both reinforced concrete and structural

steel systems．The 52—story One Shell Square Building in New Orleans is based on this system．

NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
1．spectacular 壯觀的，驚人的，引人注意的
2．sway 搖動，搖擺，歪，使傾斜
3．residential 居住的，住宅的，作住家用的
4．commercial 商業的，商業上的，商務的
5．innovation 革新，創新，新方法，新事物
6．boundary 分界線，邊界
7．eliminate 排除，消除，除去
8．apartment 公寓住宅，單元住宅
9．column 柱，支柱，圓柱，柱狀物
10．demonstrate 示範，證明，演示，
11．project 凸出，投射，計劃，工程
12．stress 應力，壓力
13．truss 構架，桁架
14．bundle 捆，束，包
15．terminate 使終止，使結尾，結束
16．facade (房屋的)／E面，立面，表面
17．perimeter 周，周圍，周界，周長
18．encroach 侵犯，侵佔，蠶食
19．high•rise building 高層建築
20．reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土
21．spandrel beam 窗下牆的牆托梁
22．shear wall 剪力牆

『貳』 建築用的"鋼筋"英文怎麼說

樓主說r打頭的,那就是reinforcing bar或reinforcement,rebar也是鋼筋的意思,是reinforcement bar的簡寫.
steel bar也可以作為英語的鋼筋

『叄』 誰幫我翻譯下這篇英語文章,鋼筋混凝土方面的,急用

由於對土木工程方面沒有研究，所以很多專業術語是靠GOOLE差找和個人猜測，可能會不盡准確，甚至有所錯誤，但是本著學習的態度，我還是很認真地翻譯了。我猜測，這可能是某本英文版建築教材後面的習題吧？所以我用了習題的語氣做的翻譯。望對你有所幫助。

圖9-16所示的防水隔層定點的聯結點位於板樁頂部4英尺處，且以15英尺為間隔居中隔開。聯結點的末端被兩個錨桿斜拉以保證安全。
設松軟土層的主動壓力等同於30磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓，被動壓力等同於400磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓。
在必要灌注深度的條件下，求牆體背面主動壓力總值，牆體正面被動壓力總值，以及所有連接點的扭矩力。測定聯結處所受的力，牆體的最大抗減承載力，最大瞬間扭矩力，和錨桿的壓拉力。

圖9-17所示的擋土牆後填充物單位重量為110磅每立方英尺，具有約等於30磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓的壓力。設被動土壓約等於300磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓以及底部摩擦系數為0.4；所有混凝土抗壓強度為3000磅每立方英寸並且由級別60的不規則鋼筋加固；忽略剪切鍵。
求底部填充物的抗破壞及承壓安全系數。 用你所計算的系數，求加固強度，計算在抗滑動摩擦系數為1.5情況下，剪切鍵的最小深度。

圖9-18所示的的混凝土澆築拱壩的高為20英尺。假設混凝土中不允許出現拉力、且水位高度剛好在大壩頂部，求其底寬的最小值。

圖9-19中給出了拱柱型擋土牆的具體數值，牆後填充物具有約等於40磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓的壓力，且由級別60的不規則鋼筋加固。求正面莖干底部以和地面水平加固要求、以及拱柱底部加固要求。

求圖9-20所示的板樁擋土牆的必要灌注深度。假設其中：主動土壓約等於35磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓、被動壓力約等於450磅每平方英尺每英尺的液壓。計算板樁最大剪切和最小剪切情況下，接點處受的力，以及接點位置和數量

『肆』 變形鋼筋的英語翻譯 變形鋼筋用英語怎麼說

deformedbar [建] 變形鋼筋；螺紋鋼

例句：

Thebond studied.

對銹蝕變形鋼筋與混凝土之間的粘結力進行了研究。

in this paperbasedon thepullouttest resultsof69specimens.

通過對69個試件的拉拔試驗來探討陶粒混凝土與變形鋼筋之間的粘結錨固性能。

deformed 英[dɪ'fɔːmd]美[dɪ'fɔrmd]

• adj. 畸形的；醜陋的；殘廢的

• v. 使...殘缺，使...變形（deform的過去式和過去分詞形式）

bar 英[bɑː]美[bɑr]

• n. 條，棒；酒吧；障礙；法庭

• vt. 禁止；阻攔

• prep. 除……外

• n. (Bar)人名；(阿拉伯、德、法、俄、羅、捷、波、葡、以)巴爾

新~東~方~南~昌~學~校~祝你學習愉快！

『伍』 英文怎麼翻譯鋼筋工

Reinforcing Steel Worker 可以表達，carpentry, bricklaying, painter

『陸』 鋼筋下料英語怎麼說

不懂鋼筋下料是啥意思。但是我幫你查了下，找到一種譯法，Preparation of Steel Bars，具體就是確定鋼筋切割的長度版（cutting length of steel bar）組合，如權果這個下料就是備料的話，那這個應該就行。

『柒』 建築用的"鋼筋"英文怎麼說

樓主說r打頭的，那就是reinforcing bar或reinforcement，rebar也是鋼筋的意思，是reinforcement bar的簡寫。
steel bar也可以作為英語的鋼筋

『捌』 鋼筋圖紙翻譯是什麼工作

鋼筋常用的分類:
鋼筋種類很多，通常按化學成分、生產工藝、軋制外形、供應形式、直徑大小，以及在結構中的用途進行分類：
（一）按軋制外形分
（1）光面鋼筋：I級鋼筋（Q235鋼鋼筋）均軋制為光面圓形截面，供應形式有盤圓，直徑不大於10mm，長度為6m~12m。
（2）帶肋鋼筋：有螺旋形、人字形和月牙形三種，一般Ⅱ、Ⅲ級鋼筋軋製成人字形，Ⅳ級鋼筋軋製成螺旋形及月牙形。
（3）鋼線（分低碳鋼絲和碳素鋼絲兩種）及鋼絞線。
（4）冷軋扭鋼筋：經冷軋並冷扭成型。
（二）按直徑大小分
鋼絲（直徑3-5mm）、細鋼筋（直徑6-10mm）、粗鋼筋（直徑大於22mm
（三）按力學性能分
Ⅰ級鋼筋（235/370級）；Ⅱ級鋼筋（335/510級）；Ⅲ級鋼筋（370/570）和Ⅳ級鋼筋（540/835）
（四）按生產工藝分
熱軋、冷軋、冷拉的鋼筋，還有以Ⅳ級鋼筋經熱處理而成的熱處理鋼筋，強度比前者更高。
（五）按在結構中的作用分：受壓鋼筋、受拉鋼筋、架立鋼筋、分布鋼筋、箍筋等。
配置在鋼筋混凝土結構中的鋼筋，按其作用可分為下列幾種：
（1）受力筋——承受拉、壓應力的鋼筋。
（2）箍筋——承受一部分斜拉應力，並固定受力筋的位置，多用於梁和柱內。
（3）架立筋——用以固定梁內鋼箍的位置，構成梁內的鋼筋骨架。
（4）分布筋——用於屋面板、樓板內，與板的受力筋垂直布置，將承受的重量均勻地傳給受力筋，並固定受力筋的位置，以及抵抗熱脹冷縮所引起的溫度變形。
（5）其它——因構件構造要求或施工安裝需要而配置的構造筋。如腰筋、預埋錨固筋、環等。

『玖』 鋼筋砼 英文怎麼翻譯

Reinforced bar concrete

『拾』 鋼筋桁架用英語怎麼說

鋼筋桁架
Steel truss
truss 英[trʌs] 美[trʌs]
vt. 捆綁;
n. （乾草的） 一捆，一束，構架;
[例句]She trussed him quickly with stolen bandage, and gagged his mouth.
她用偷來的綳帶迅速把他回綁緊，並塞住答了他的嘴。
[其他] 第三人稱單數：trusses 復數：trusses 現在分詞：trussing過去式：trussed 過去分詞：trussed