英語對話怎麼寫作文

㈠ 英語對話作文

「Don't scientists have a responsibility to use animals in order to find cures for human diseases?」

Ecating people and encouraging them to avoid fat and cholesterol, quit smoking, rece alcohol and other drug consumption, exercise regularly, and clean up the environment will save more human lives and prevent more human suffering than all the animal tests in the world. Animal tests are primitive, and modern technology and human clinical tests are much more effective and reliable.
Even if we had no alternative to using animals, which is not the case, animal testing would still be ethically unacceptable. As George Bernard Shaw once said, 「You do not settle whether an experiment is justified or not by merely showing that it is of some use. The distinction is not between useful and useless experiments, but between barbarous and civilized behaviour.」 After all, there are probably some medical problems that can only be cured by testing on unwilling humans, but we don』 conct such tests because we recognize that it would be wrong to do so.

「If we didn』t use animals, wouldn』t we have to test new drugs on people?」

The choice isn』t between animals and people. There is no guarantee that drugs are safe—even if they have been tested on animals—because the physiological differences between humans and other animals prevent the results of animal tests from being accurately extrapolated to humans. Some drugs that have been approved through animal tests can cause serious and unexpected side effects for humans. A 2002 report in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that in the last 25 years, more than 50 FDA-approved drugs had to be taken off the market or relabeled because they caused 「adverse reactions.」 In 2000 alone, the prescription drugs removed from the market were the popular heartburn drug Propulsid (removed because it caused 「fatal heart rhythm abnormalities」), the diabetes drug Rezulin (「removed after causing liver failure」), and the irritable-bowel-syndrome treatment Lotronex (「removed for causing fatal constipation and colitis」). According to the study』s lead author, 「Millions of patients are exposed to potentially unsafe drugs each year.」

If the pharmaceutical instry switched from animal experiments to quantum pharmacology and in vitro tests, we would be better protected from harmful drugs, not less protected.

「If we didn』t test on animals, how would we conct medical research?」

Human clinical and epidemiological studies, studies on cadavers, and computer simulations are faster, more reliable, less expensive, and more humane than animal tests. Ingenious scientists have used human brain cells to develop a model 「microbrain」 that can be used to study tumors and have also come up with artificial skin and bone marrow. Instead of killing animals, we can now test irritancy on egg membranes, proce vaccines from cell cultures, and perform pregnancy tests using blood samples. As Gordon Baxter, cofounder of Pharmagene Laboratories—a company that uses only human tissue and computers to develop and test its drugs—says, 「If you have information on human genes, what』s the point of going back to animals?」

「Doesn't animal experimentation help animals by advancing veterinary science?」

The point is not whether animal experimentation can be useful to animals or humans; the point is that we do not have the moral right to inflict unnecessary suffering on those who are at our mercy. Saying that it』s acceptable to experiment on animals to advance veterinary science is like saying that it』s acceptable to experiment on poor children to benefit rich ones.

「Don』t medical students have to dissect animals?」

No, they don』t. In fact, more and more medical students are becoming conscientious objectors who choose to learn by assisting experienced surgeons instead of by using animals. In Great Britain, it is against the law for medical students to practice surgery on animals, and British physicians are just as competent as those who were ecated elsewhere. Many of the leading U.S. medical schools, including Harvard, Yale, and Stanford, now use innovative, clinical teaching methods instead of cruel animal laboratories. Harvard, for instance, offers a cardiac-anesthesia practicum in which students observe human heart bypass operations instead of performing terminal surgery on dogs. The Harvard staff members who developed this practicum have recommended that it be implemented elsewhere.

「Should we throw out all the drugs that were developed and tested on animals? Would you refuse to take them?」

Unfortunately, a number of things in our society came about through the exploitation of others. For instance, many of the roads that we drive on were built by slaves. We can』t change the past; those who have already suffered and died are lost. But what we can do is change the future by using non-animal research methods from now on.

「Don't scientists care about the animals they experiment on? Doesn't their research depend on the animals』 well-being?」

Investigations at even the most prestigious institutions show that this is simply not the case. At the City of Hope in California, one of the country』s most prominent research facilities, animals starved to death and drowned in their own feces. Many experimenters become calloused after years of research and don』t see the animals』 suffering. They treat animals like disposable tools and consider proper animal care to be too expensive.

「Don't peer-review and animal-care committees prevent animal cruelty at institutions?」

No, because many such committees are composed mainly or completely of people who have vested interests in the continuation of animal experimentation. Members of the public were not allowed access to committee meetings until lawsuits were filed.

「Cats and dogs are killed in pounds anyway, so why not let them be used in experiments to save lives?」

A painless death at an animal shelter is a far cry from a life of severe pain and deprivation and an agonizing death in a laboratory.

「Would you support an experiment that would sacrifice 10 animals to save 10,000 people?」

No. Look at it another way: Suppose that the only way to save 10,000 people was to experiment on one mentally challenged orphan. If saving people is the goal, wouldn』t that be worth it? Most people would agree that it would be wrong to sacrifice one human for the 「greater good」 of others because it would violate that indivial』s rights, but when it comes to sacrificing animals, the assumption is that human beings have rights and animals do not. Yet there is no logical reason to deny animals the same rights that protect indivial humans from being sacrificed for the common good.

「What about experiments in which animals are observed and not harmed?」
If there really is no harm, we don』t object. But 「no harm」 means that animals aren』t isolated in barren, cold steel cages because even confinement causes stress and fear, as shown by the differences in blood pressure between caged and free animals. Caged animals also suffer because they are prevented from performing their normal behaviors and social interactions.

「If you were in a fire and could save either your child or your dog, who would you choose?」

I would save my child, but that』s just instinct. A dog would save her pup. Regardless, my choice proves nothing about the moral legitimacy of animal experiments. I might save my own child instead of my neighbor』s, but that hardly proves that experimentation on my neighbor』s child is acceptable.

「Why Should Animals Have Rights?」

Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth—a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans. We believe that every creature with a will to live has a right to live free from pain and suffering. For more information, click here.

EU proposes to strengthen protection of animals used in scientific experiments

The European Commission on Wednesday proposed legislation to strengthen the protection of animals used in scientific experiments and to minimize the number of animals being tested on.

The proposal, which intends to strengthen existing European Union (EU) legislation, asks ethical evaluations to be carried out before projects using animals are authorized and lays down minimum requirements on housing and animal care.

The proposed directive covers all live non-human vertebrate animals plus certain other species likely to experience pain. The use of non-human primates is subject to restrictions, and the use of great apes -- chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans -- is banned in scientific proceres. Only when survival of the species itself is at stake, or in the case of an unexpected outbreak of a life-threatening or debilitating disease in human beings, can a member state exceptionally be granted permission for their use.

The proposal seeks to ensure that animals are used only where no other means are available. Their use must be fully justifiable and the expected benefits must outweigh the harm caused to the animals. The proposal would also ensure that animals receive suitable care and treatment such as appropriately sized cages and an environment adapted to each species.

The proposal would also require projects involving animals to be authorized by a competent authority before they can go ahead. Organizations wishing to breed, supply or use animals would be obliged to seek authorization for their activities and for the personnel working with the animals.

"It is absolutely important to steer away from testing on animals. Scientific research must focus on finding alternative methods to animal testing, but where alternatives are not available the situation of animals still used in experiments must be improved," said EU Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas.

㈡ 一篇英語作文：醫生與病人之間的對話

Doctor:Hello,may I help you? 你好，我能幫你什麼呢？
Patient(病人):Yes,I had a stomachache yesterday.And now I am feeling very bad.我昨天肚子痛，現在我感覺很難受。
Doctor:Can you tell me more about your feelings?When does it start?你能告訴我更多的你的感覺嗎？那什麼時候開始的？
Patient:Yesterday morning.After I got up, I started to feeling bad.I don't know what to do.And I don't think it is a serious (嚴重的) problem,so I don't come to see you.This morning ,when I got up,I feel more pain,so I come here.昨天早上。我起床之後，我開始感覺肚子很痛，我不知道應該干什麼。而且我覺得那應該不是一個嚴重的問題，所以我沒來看你。今天早上，我痛得更厲害了，我才來見你。
Doctor:In that case（這樣的話）,take this medicine three times a day,and drink more water.You'd better stay in bed for two days.Take more rest and I think you will be better soon.這樣的話，每天服三次葯，最好喝多點水。你最好在床上休息兩天。多休息，我想你會很快好起來。
Patient:Thank you,doctor.謝謝你，醫生。
望採納，謝謝！

㈢ 我與醫生的對話英語作文

作文要根據題目的要求選定了某件事，就要對這件事進行認真的回憶，並仔細琢磨，反復思考，挖掘出這件事中含有的生活道理，或找出它閃光的地方。要交代清楚時間、地點、人物、事件，讓讀者明白文章寫的是什麼人，在什麼時候，什麼地方發生了怎樣的事，具體如下：

A:Good morning. 

早上好！

B:Good morning. 

早上好！ 

A:What's the matter with you? 

請問哪裡不舒服？ 

B:I'm running a high fever and feeling terribly had. 

我發高燒，感覺糟透了。

A:How long has this been going on? 

這種情況持續多久了？ 

B:Since last night. And as a matter of fact I have just moved to this city. 

從昨晚開始的。實際上，我剛搬到這座城市。

A:OK. In that case, you have to fill in this registration card. Your age, gender,address and things like that. 

好的，那麼您得先填寫這張掛號表。比如您的年齡，性別，住址等等。

B:No problem. Which department should I register with, Miss?

沒問題。醫生請問我應該掛哪科？ 

A:I suppose that you'd better go to the medical department. 

我認為您掛內科。

B:(Two minutes later) Here is the registration card.

（兩分鍾後）給你。

A:Thank you. The registration fee is two yuan.

謝謝。掛號費是兩元。

B:All right. But can you tell me how to get there, please? 

好的。請問我該怎麼去？ 

A:Take the lift to the secondlloorl and then make a right turn. Go along the passage until you see the sign on your left. 

坐電梯到二樓，右拐。沿著過道走．您會看到一塊牌子在您的左手邊。

B:Thanks a lot.

多謝了。

A:You're welcome.

不客氣。

㈣ 和收銀員的對話英語作文

有關收銀員英語對話Using the Vouchers 使用贈券

Waiter: Excuse me, sir. Do you need anything else? If not, do you mind if I bring you your bill? It is nearly closing time.

對不起，先生，請問還需要點什麼嗎?如果不需要的話，介不介先結賬呢?因為就要到關門時間了。

Guest: I'm sorry, check now, please.

對不起，現在結賬吧。

Waiter: Would you like separate bills or one bill?/Would you like to pay together or separately?

請問分單還是一起結賬。

Guest: Together.

一起結賬。

Waiter: How would you like to pay for it, sir? You may pay cash, credit card, cheque or charge it to your room.

您打算怎樣付賬?你可以付現金、信用卡、支票或入房數。

Guest: I'd like to pay cash. I have discount card and vouchers here.

現金，我這兒有折頭卡和贈券。

Waiter: I'm sorry. Discount card and vouchers are not to be used together.

對不起，折頭卡與贈券不可以同時使用。

Guest: Well, use the vouchers first. Do you have more vouchers?

那先用贈券吧，你們還有贈券送嗎?

Waiter: I'm sorry there are no vouchers sent out ring the Trade Fair.

對不起，交易會期間我們不發贈券。

Guest: It's a pity.

遺憾。