夜尿量減少英語怎麼翻譯
(1)
I had a good dream last night. I'm going to be a cameraman when I grow up. I'm going to read many special books and practise shooting every day. I'm going to take many photo and send them to magazines and newspapers. I love nature and beautiful scene. Wish my camera , I could record the wonderful moment and picturesuqe scene and let others share with me. I love photographing.
I hope my dream can come true some day.
中文翻譯:
我昨天晚上做了一個好夢。我長大之後要做一個攝影師。我每天都要去讀很多書,而且必須練習攝像。我會把我每天照的相片發表在報紙和雜志上。我愛大自然和美麗的風景。要我有一台照相機,我就會捕捉美好的景象,然後讓大家一起分享。
我喜歡攝影,希望某天我的夢可以成真。
(2)
Last night I had a dream, in my dream, I as if place oneself in fairyland. Clouds around in my side, the wind light my hair , the birds play with me. In the dream, I was a painter, I use the most beautiful brush, picture the people dreams. Suddenly woke up, everything disappeared again...... I think, this is the most beautiful a dream of my!
昨天晚上我做了一個夢,在夢中,我彷彿置身於仙境中。朵朵白雲環繞在我的身邊,微風輕拂我的發絲,小鳥與我同玩樂。在夢中,我是一個畫家,我用最美的畫筆,描繪人們的夢想。猛然間醒來,一切又消失了......我想,這是我最美的一個夢吧。
2. 英語句子,越短越好,100個100分,要中文翻譯
越短越好的英語句子:
1. This is a ship.(這是一艘船。)
2. He is an old worker.(他是一個老工人。)
3. I have a brother and a sister.(我有一個兄弟和一個姐妹。)
4. There is a map on the wall.(牆上有一幅地圖。)
5. This is a yellow pencil.(這是一支黃鉛筆。)
6. Tom is an American boy.(Tom是個美國男孩。)
7. English is a useful tool.(英語是一種有用的工具。)
8. He is telling them an interesting story.(他正在給大家講一個有趣的故事。)
9. Britain is a European country.(不列顛是一個歐洲國家。)
10. It takes an hour and a half to get there.(這要花費一小時半到達那裡。)
11. It is a pig.(它是一頭豬。)
12. It is cotton.(它是棉花。)
13. It is wheat.(它是麥子。)
14. It is a cow.(它是一頭母牛。)
15. It is an orange.(它是一隻橘子。)
16. It is rice.(它是稻子。)
17. It is an ox.(它是一頭公牛。)
18. It is a ck.(它是一隻鴨子。)
19. It is water.(它是水)
20. It is a hen.(它是一隻母牛。)
21. Today is Monday. Tomorrow is Tuesday.(今天是星期一。明天是星期二。)
22. Today is Wednesday. Tomorrow is Thursday.(今天是星期三。明天是星期四。)
23. Today is Friday. Tomorrow is Saturday.(今天是星期五。明天是星期六。)
24. Today is Saturday. Tomorrow is Sunday.(今天是星期六。明天是星期日。)
25. Today is Sunday. Tomorrow is Monday.(今天是星期日。明天是星期一。)
We are workers.(我們是工人。)
26. My sister and I are both pupils.(我的姐妹和我都是學生。)
27. You are all middle school pupils.(你們都是中學生。)
28. They are trees and flowers.(它們是樹和花。)
29. Cats and dogs are animals.(貓和狗是動物。)
30. All of them are teachers.(他們都是教師。)
31. The sun is red.(太陽是紅色的。)
32. That table is heavy.(那張桌子很重。)
33. I am sixteen.(我十六歲。)
34. Class is over.(課結束了。)
35. The river is faraway.(這條河很遠。)
36. Time is up.(時間到了。)
37. The bottle is full of water.(這瓶子裝滿了水。)
38. I am from Shanghai.(我來自上海。)
39. Comrade Wang is out.(王同志外出了。)
40. The football match is on.(足球比賽開始了。)
41. The boy is over there.(那男孩在那邊。)
42. My brother is at home.(我的兄弟在家裡。)
43. He is not here.(他不在這里。)
44. She is good at swimming.(她擅長游泳。)
45. I am fond of sports.(我很喜歡運動。)
46. I am tired.(我很累。)
47. You are ill.(你病了。)
48. It is hot today.(今天很熱。)
49. The weather is cold.(天氣很冷。)
50. It is fine.(這個很好。)
51. The play is good.(這場演出很好。)
52. Snow is white.(雪是白的。)
53. The streets are clean.(街道是干凈的。)
54. This hall is full of people.(這個大廳擠滿了人。)
55. The library is open.(圖書館開門了。)
56. The film is on.(影片上映了。)
57. My uncle is over there.(我的叔叔在那邊。)
58. The cinema is far away.(電影院很遠。)
59. The light is off.(燈暗了。)
60. My father is out.(我的父親外出了。)
61. Her brother is thirteen.(她的兄弟十三歲。)
62. I am eighteen.(我十八歲。)
63. Mr. Smith is from American.(史密斯先生來自美國。)
64. The boys in our class are fond of football.(我們班的男孩很喜歡足球。)
65. Wang Ying is good at music.(王英擅長音樂。)
66.I have a brother.(我有一個兄弟。)
67. He has two English books.(他有兩本英語書。)
68. We have a lot of paper.(我們有許多紙。)
69. You have many friends.(你有許多朋友。)
70. My sister has a pen and a ball-pen.(我的姐妹有一支鉛筆和一支圓珠筆。)
71. Her classmates have a small library.(她的同班同學們有一個小圖書館。)
72. Our school has twenty classes.(我們的學校有二十個班級。)
73. I have some bread and jam.(我有一些麵包和果醬。)
74.There is a teacher』s desk in the classroom.(教室里有一隻講台。)
75. There are forty pupils in the playground.(操場上有四十個學生。)
76. There are some desks and chairs in the office.(辦公室里有一些書桌和椅子。)
77. There are two blackboards on the wall.(牆上有兩塊黑板。)
78. There are four lights in the classroom.(教室里有四盞燈。)
79. There is a loud-speaker in the hall.(大廳里有一隻喇叭。)
80. There are two portraits above the blackboard.(黑板上方有兩張像。)
81. There is a map and two pictures in the reading-room.(閱覽室里有一幅地圖和兩幅畫。)
82.Your pencil is blue. Mine is blue, too.(你的鉛筆是藍色的。我的也是藍色的。)
83. His book is new. Hers is new, too.(他的書是新的。她的也是新的。)
84. Our classroom is big. Theirs is big, too.(我們的教室很大。他們的也很大。)
85. Her brother is a worker. His is a worker, too.(她的兄弟是一個工人。他的也是一個工人。)
86. Their house is near the park. Ours is near the park, too.(他們的房子在公園附近。我們的也在公園附近。)
87. His room is tidy. Yours is tidy, too.(他的房間很整潔。你的也很整潔。)
88. My sister is not here. Hers is not here, either.(我的妹妹不在這里。她的也不在這里。)
89. Our classroom is not on the first floor. Theirs is not on the first floor, either.(我們的教室不在二樓。他們的也不在二樓。)
90. Your father is not a teacher. Mine is not a teacher, either.(你的父親不是一個教師。我的也不是一個教師。)
91. Their library is not big. Ours is not big, either.(他們的圖書館不大。我們的也不大。)
92. How nice the song is!(這首歌多麼好聽啊!)
93. What a wonderful time we』re had!(我們過了一段多麼美好的時光啊!)
94. How fast the dog runs!(這只狗跑得多麼快啊!)
95. What a clever boy he is!(他是一個多麼機靈的男孩啊!)
96. What beautiful music they』re playing!(他們正在演奏多麼優美的音樂啊!)
97. How quickly time flies!(時間飛逝得多麼快啊!)
98. What an excellent idea you』re got!(你有一個多麼出色的主意啊!)
99. What a dear little child he is!(他是一個多麼可愛的小孩啊!)
100. He is telling us an interesting story.(他正在給我們講一個有趣的故事。)
101. We are having a holiday today.(今天我們正在度假。)
102. What are you doing these days?(這幾天你正在做什麼?)
103. You are speaking so quickly, I can』t understand you.(你這么快地講著,我沒能搞懂你。)
104. Jane』s studying in our school this term. She is preparing her lessons now.(這學期珍妮在我們學校學習。她現在正在准備功課。)
105. Can I use your dictionary for a moment? I』m sorry, but I am using it now.(我能用一下你的詞典嗎?很抱歉,我現在正在用。)
106. They are doing their best to finish the work in time.(他們正在努力及時完成這項工作。)
107. She is speaking.(她正在講話。)
108. The children are singing.(孩子們正在唱歌。)
109. I am listening to the radio.(我正在聽無線電。)
110. My brother is writing.(我兄弟正在寫字。)
111. We are preparing our lesson.(我們正在准備功課。)
112. Our teachers are having a meeting.(我們的老師正在開會。)
113. The dog is running very fast.(狗正在非常快地跑著。)
114. Your sister is looking for her pen.(你的姐妹正在找她的鋼筆。)
115. see a map on the wall.(我看見牆上的一張地圖。)
116. My father works in a factory.(我的父親在工廠工作。)
117. The pupils often play games in the playground.(學生們經常在操場上玩游戲。)
118. Tom and his sister often clean the room together in the morning.(湯姆和他的妹妹經常在早晨打掃房間。)
119. She studies politics, Chinese and other subjects.(她學習政治、語文和其他課目。)
120. The boys pass by the bookstore every day on their way to school.(孩子們每天在上學路上經過書店。)
121. My brother and I wash our clothes every day.(我兄弟和我每天洗我們的衣服。)
122. Our parents usually go to work at seven.(我們的父母通常在七點鍾去上班。)
123. Birds fly south in winter.(鳥在冬天飛往南方)
124. Mary lives in New York.(瑪麗住在紐約。)
125. We always get up early.(我們總是起床很早。)
126. He usually goes to bed at nine.(他通常九點上床。)
127. It often rains in spring.(天天常常下雨。)
128. I sometimes go to the park.(我有時去公園。)
129. She seldom comes late.(她不常遲到。)
130. Li-li never tells a lie.(麗麗從不撒謊。)
131. I often go to the cinema.(我常常去電影院。)
132. He seldom forgets to do his homework.(他不常忘記做回家作業。)
133. The boy usually goes to school at 7.30.(那男孩通常七點半去上學。)
134. She never talks to her teacher that way.(她從不以那種方式跟老師談話。)
135. He usually studies in the reading-room.(他通常在閱覽室里學習。)
136. We always listen to the radio at 8.00 p. m.(我們總是在上午八點聽無線電。)
137. John sometimes watches television in the evening.(約翰有時在晚上看電視。)
138. Wang Fang never comes to school late.(王芳來上學從不遲到。)
139. They are always busy.(他們總是很忙。)
140. I don』t usually take a bath at noon.(我通常不在中午洗澡。)
141. Do you often work so late?(你常常工作得這么晚嗎?)
142. This is sometimes true.(這有時是真實的。)
143. We can seldom do it without his help.(沒有他的幫助,我們很少能做到。)
144. It is not going to be cold next month.(下個月不會馬上很冷。)
145. He is always ready to help people.(他總是助人為樂。)
146. You must never do it again.(你千萬不能再做這件事。)
147. She is seldom late for school.(她上學不常遲到。)
148. Do you often read the newspaper after supper.(你常常在晚飯後看報嗎?)
149. Tom doesn』t usually wake up so early.(湯姆通常不醒得這么早。)
150. Mary can sometimes choose the right thing.(瑪麗有時會選擇正確的事情。)
151. Does he usually have breakfast at six?(他通常在六點鍾吃早飯嗎?)
152. The boys are seldom absent from school.(男生們不常缺課。)
153.Now I am reading the newspaper.(現在我正在看報紙。)
154. We are not going to play basket-ball after school.(我們不打算放學後打籃球。)
155. The workers are building a big ship these days.(這幾天工人們正在造一條大船。)
156. The pupils are visiting a photo show now.(學生們現在正在參觀攝影展覽。)
157. We often play basket-ball with Class Three.(我們常常與三班打籃球。)
158. Wang Ling does a lot of housework every evening, but today he is helping his brother with his lessons.(王林每天晚上做許多家務,但今天正在幫助弟弟溫習功課。)
159. I am going to study French next year.(我打算明年學法語。)
160. I am going to read the book this morning.(我打算今晚看這本書。)
161. She is going to help her classmate later.(她打算最近幫助她的同學。)
162. It is going to snow very soon.(過不了多久就要下雪了。)
163. We are going to go to Peking the day after tomorrow.(我們打算後天去北京。)
164. You are going to be middle school pupils next autumn.(你們明年秋季就要成為中學生了。)
165. They are going to visit the museum next week.(他們准備下星期參觀博物館。)
166. They are not going to stay here.(他們不打算住在那裡。)
167. She is not going to mend her shoes.(她不打算補自己的鞋。)
168. You are not going to have an English lesson tomorrow.(你們沒計劃明天上英語課。)
169. I am not going to watch TV today.(我不打算今天看電視。)
170. You are not going to see the film next Sunday.(你們不打算下星期天看這部電影。)
171. He is not going to write to his father tonight.(他不打算今晚寫信給他父親。)
172. I shall be at middle school next year.(明年我將要讀中學。)
173. You will hear the news tonight.(今夜你將會聽到這條消息。)
174. He will tell it to you the day after tomorrow.(他將會在後天把這件事告訴你。)
175. She will play volley ball after school.(放學後她要打排球。)
176. It will be cold tomorrow.(明天要冷了。)
177. The baby will be able to walk soon.(這嬰兒不久就能走路了。)
178. We shan』t be middle school pupils next year.(我們不會在明年成為中學生的。)
179. She won』t read the book this evening.(她今晚不會看這本書。)
180. They won』t see the film this week.(他們這星期不會去看這部電影。)
181. You won』t hear from him tonight.(你不會在今夜收到他的信。)
182. I shan』t be sixteen until early next month.(我到下個月月初才十六歲。)
183. They won』t be able to come this evening.(他們今晚不能夠來了。)
184. There will be a football match next Sunday.(下星期天將有一場足球賽。)
185. There will be more new machines in the workshop.(車間里將有更多的新機器。)
186. There won』t be any rain next few days.(過幾天不會下雨。)
187. There will be several new film on next season.(下個季度會有幾部新影片。)
188. We don』t go to school on Sunday.(我們星期天不上學。)
189. He does his homework in the evening.(他在晚上做回家作業。)
190. I first met him on a spring evening.(春天的一個晚上我第一次遇見他。)
191. My sister usually gets up at six o』clock.(我姐姐通常在六點鍾起床。)
192. Her father lived in Tientsin at that time.(那時他父親住在天津。)
193. We have dinner at a quarter to twelve.(我們十一點三刻吃飯。)
194. I left for Peking on September 11.(我是九月十一日赴北京的。)
195. Chang Hua is going to stay here next month.(張華打算下個月在這兒呆著。)
196. We are learning Lesson Ten this week.(這星期我們正在學第十課。)
197. She often works at night.(她常常在夜裡工作。)
198. She worked late last night.(她昨夜工作得很晚。)
199. They went to the park the day before yesterday.(前天他們去過公園。)
200. It will be very hot next month.(下個月將會很熱。)
100個給100分,300個給300分,200個為何只有150分?開玩笑的。只要能幫到你,給個5分就行了。
3. 處方上的用量翻譯。清楚點哦。我背背,謝謝。
http://learning.sohu.com/20060908/n245232721.shtml
載說明:剛接觸醫葯方面的說明書時,如見天書。好歹也是學習英語超過10年,作為非英語專業、該過的級也過了。大學也是以重視英文教學著稱;心理所受打擊可想而知。
借著手頭上的醫學英漢詞典,才能看懂。也明白醫學和葯學其實是很不同的兩塊領域。
以下的英文葯品說書的寫法,是我手頭上能找到的最好的版本。不僅幫助我了解葯品說明書、並學著做說明書的中譯英。還幫助理解其它專業英語。]
英文葯品說明書的寫法——第一節 葯品名稱
一、進口葯英文說明書的結構簡介
「葯品說明欏鋇撓⑽謀澩鋟絞接蠭nstructons,Directions,Description 現在多用Package Insert,或簡稱 Insert,也有用Leeflet或Data Sheets。Insert原意為「插入物,插頁」。葯品說明書即為附在每種葯品包裝盒中的一份用葯說明。經過注冊的進口葯品一般是國家承認的有效葯物,其說明書是指導醫生與患者合理用葯的重要依據,具有一定的法律效力。
進口葯的英文說明書隨葯品來源的不同,有以英語為母語的國家,也有以英語為外語的國家。說明書繁簡難易不同。短者僅百餘詞,長者可達上萬詞。較簡單的悅明書僅介紹成分、適應症、禁忌症、用法與用量等內容;較詳盡的說明書中除上述內容外還包括:葯品性狀、葯理作用、臨床葯理、臨床前動物試驗、臨床經驗、葯代動力學、庄意事項、不良反應或副作用、用葯過量、葯物的相互作用、警告、有效期、包裝、貯存條件、患者須知及參考文獻等諸多項目。
為了順利閱讀和正確翻譯進口葯英文說明書,讀者除應具備較好的英語基礎,掌握一定的專業知識(如醫學、化學、葯劑學、葯理學、葯物代謝動力學等)外,還應熟悉英文葯品說明書的結構及語言待點等。大多數英文說明書都包括以下內容;①葯品名稱(Drug NameS),②性狀(Description),③葯理作用(Pharmacological Actions),④適應症(Indications),⑤禁忌證(Contraindications),⑥用量與用法(DOsage and Administration).⑦不良反應(Adverse Reactions)。⑧注意事項(Precautions),⑨包裝(Package),⑩貯存(Storage),⑾其他項目(Others)。
現將各項專題的表述方法與翻譯、結構特點、常用詞語及閱讀技巧等分述如下。
二、葯品名稱(第一節)
英文葯品說明書中常見的葯品名稱有商品名( Trade Name或 Proprietary Name),通用名( Generic
Name)和化學名(Chemical Name),其中最常見的是商品名。例如,日本田邊有限公司生產的熊去氧膽酸
片,其商品名為 Ursosan(Tablets):通用名為 Ursodesoxycholic Acid(熊去氧膽酸);化學名為3a,7p dihydroxy-5p-Cholanoic acid(3a,7p二羥基5p膽烷酸)。有時同一種葯品,不同的廠家使用不同的商品名稱。
葯品說明書中的標題葯名用其商品名。有時在其右上角(或在上角)有一(R)標記,例如ADRIBLASTNA(R)(阿黴素),TEGRETOL(痛痙寧)。「R」是Register(注冊)的縮寫,(R)表示該產品已經本國的有關部門核准.取得了此項專用的注冊商標(Registered Trade Mark)。有時在商品名之下(或後)又列有通用名或化學名.例如: Rulide(羅力得)之下列有(Roxithromycin,羅紅黴素): Minipress(脈寧平)之後列有(Praxosin HCI,鹽酸哌唑嗪); Nitro-Dur(護心貼片〕之下又列有( Nitroglycerin,硝酸甘油)。
葯品名稱的翻譯可採用音譯、意譯、音意合譯及諧音譯意等方法。
1、音譯:按英文葯品名歌的讀音譯成相同或相近的漢語。如:Tamoxitn它莫西芬,Ritalin利他林,Am-
cacin 阿米卡星。音譯較為方便,但不能表意。
2、意譯:按葯品名稱所表達的含意譯成相應的漢語。例如:cholic Acid 膽酸,Tetracyline四環素;也可
按其葯理作用翻譯.如:Minidiab滅糖尿(治療糖尿病葯物),Natulan療治癌(細胞生長抑制劑),Uraly消石素(治療尿路結石葯物)等。
3、音意合譯:葯品名稱中的一部分採用音譯,另一部分採用意譯.例如:Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香
豆素),Neo-Octin新握克丁(neo-新);Medemycin麥迪黴素(-mycin 黴素),Cathinone卡西酮(-one酮)。
4、諧音譯意:以音譯為原則,選用諧音的漢字,既表音,又表意,音意結合。例如:Antrenyl安胄靈,Doriden多睡丹,Legalon利肝隆,Webilin胃必靈.商品名稱可以這樣翻洋,而法定名稱則規定不可以這樣翻譯。
葯品的化學名稱反映出該葯品的化學結構組成成分,可藉助英漢化學化工詞典進行翻譯。如果名稱很長,可以分解開來,分別查出各個組成部分的名稱,組合而成。例如:Catalin(卡他林)的化學名稱是1-Hvdroxy- 5-oxo-5H-pyrido(3,2-a)-Phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid,譯成漢語是1-羥基-5-氧-5H-吡啶開(3,2-a)吩 嗪-3-羧酸。如能掌握一些常用的酸、鹼、鹽、基因、化合物的英文名稱,以及常用的前綴、後綴等,翻譯時會順利得多。例如:chloride氯化物,sulfate(sulphate)硫酸鹽,acetyl一乙醯基,amino氨基,di-二,dihydro-二氫。nitro-硝基,-ester酯,-lactone內酯,-one酮、-oxide氧化物,-urea脲等等.
為了統一葯品名稱的譯名,衛生部葯典委員會已擬定出原料葯和輔料命名原則,並刊行了<葯名詞彙>一書,可供翻譯英文葯品名稱時參考。
第二節 性狀
許多葯品說明書的第一項是Description(性狀),其原意是「敘述」、「描寫」,在葯品說明書及葯典中一般都譯為「性狀」,其內容主要是介紹外觀、理化性質、組成成分、結構、特徵等。這一項最常用的標題是Description,此外還可能有其他的表示法,如:
Chemical Structure 化學結構
Composition 成分
Physical and Chemical Properties 理化性質
這一項中的英語詞彙除一部分化學專業詞彙外,多為常用詞,藉助英漢化學化工詞典及英漢詞典即可通讀。
一、本項中常見的句型
例1.Folic acid is a yellowish to orange, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless.
葉酸是淡黃色至橙色結晶粉沫,無臭或幾乎無臭。
例2.Intralipos 10% is a white opaque fat emulsion for intravenous injection, containing 10 W/V % of purified soybean oil.
脂肪乳劑(10%)是白色,不透明,供靜脈注射用的脂肪乳劑,含有10%(W/V)的精製大豆油。
例3.Ursosan Tablet 50mg is a white plain tablet which contains 50mg of ursodesoxycholic acid.
熊去氧膽酸片為白色素片,每片含50mg熊去氧膽酸。
例4.Sterile pyrogen-free, orange red, freeze-dried powder in vials containing 10mg and 50mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride with lactose.
(本品)為小瓶裝,滅菌無熱原,桔紅色凍乾粉沫,每小瓶含有10mg或50mg阿黴素鹽酸鹽與乳糖。
例5.It occurs as a white to off-white, crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, dilute acid and most organic solvents.
本品(炎痛息康)為白色至類白色結晶固體,難溶於水、稀酸及大多數有機溶劑中。
例6.Pamine, chemically known as epoxytropine tropate methylbromide, has the empirical formula C18H24NO4Br and the molecular weight 398.3.
哌明的化學名稱為環氧莨菪鹼托品酸酯溴代甲烷,實驗式為C18H24NO4Br,分子量為398.3。
例7.Kanendomycin is a very stable antibiotic, and its activity does not decrease when the powder is placed in an airlight container and kept at room temperatures for more than 2 years.
卡內多黴素是一種很穩定的抗生素,其粉沫置於密封容器中,在室溫下保存二年以上,活性不減。
例8.This proct is prepared from units of human plasma which have been tested and found nonreactive for hepatitis associated (Australia) antigen.
本品由人血漿制備,此血漿業經檢驗,並且證明對肝炎(澳大利亞)抗原無反應。
二、本項中常用的詞語
1、表示組成、制備的詞及短語,如:
be derived from 由……衍生
consist of 由……組成
be obtained 製得
contain 含有
be prepared from 由……制備
have (possess) 有(具有)
2、表示性質的一些詞類,如:
colo(u)r 顏色
stable 穩定的
taste 味道
molecular formular 分子式
odo(u)rless 無臭的
molecular weight 分子量
crystalline 結晶的
structure 結構
solubility 溶解度
injection 注射劑
insoluble 不溶的
solution 溶液
odo(u)r 氣味
tablets 片劑
colo(u)rless 無色的
derivative 衍生物
tasteless 無味的
liquid 液體
sterile 無菌的
powder 粉沫
soluble 可溶的
solid 固體
還有許多其他詞彙,不能一一列舉。記住這些常用詞對閱讀本項內容大有益處。
第三節 葯理作用
有些說明書較詳細地介紹葯品的葯理作用(Pharmacological Actions)。其內容主要包括葯理作用、臨床葯理(Clinical Parmacology)、體外試驗(in vitro experiments)、葯物代謝(Metabolism)、葯效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity)等。這一項常用的標題是:
Pharmacological Action 葯理作用
Pharmacological Properties 葯理性質
Pharmacology 葯理學
Clinical Pharmacology 臨床葯理
其他的表示方法還有:
Actions 作用
Actions and Properties 作用與性質
Clinical Effect (Use) 臨床效果(用途)
Mechanism of Action 作用機理
Mode of Action 作用方式
如果葯品的一種抗生素,可能出現:
Biological Action 生物活性
Microbiology 微生物學
此外,還有一此其他的表示方法,這里不一一列舉。
這一項目中涉及的詞彙范圍包括葯理學、生理學、化學、毒理學、微生物學及醫學等學科,專業詞彙多,是較難閱讀的一部分內容,閱讀時可參閱《英漢醫學詞彙》、《英漢微生物學詞彙》及《英漢化學化工詞彙》等工具書。另外,還會遇到許多縮寫詞,如:CNS(中樞神經系統)、EEG(腦電圖)、LD50(半數致死劑量)、ECG(心電圖)等,這些縮寫詞可在英漢醫學縮略語詞典中查到。
一、常見句型舉例
例1. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.
肌注後約30~50分鍾之間妥布毒素的平均血葯濃度達到高峰。
例2. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates.
戊巴比妥鈉對中樞神經系統產生抑製作用,並顯示戊巴比妥類特有的鎮靜催眠作用。
例3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs.
臨床試驗證實,本品療效高,可改善已改變了的腦循環,使之恢復正常,治療與四肢動脈血流不暢有關的疾病。
例4. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route.
全霉林對葡萄球菌的青黴素酶穩定,對耐葯葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具殺菌、耐酸作用,且口服或肌注吸收良好。
例5. Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast like flora in the intestinal tract.
已查明制黴菌素在腸道內可抑制菌叢類酵母菌的生長。
例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant.
已證明芬那露是療效很好的橫紋肌松施葯。
例7. Halcion is a potent short-acting hypnotic agent, which proces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration.
好而睡是一種強力速效催眠葯,它從服葯後的第一個夜晚開始產生催眠作用。
例8. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream.
從治療上看,三磷酸腺苷注射劑顯示了非常好的效果,特別是在活化神經的功能及代謝,以及舒張冠狀與外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。
二、常用詞及短語舉例
1、動詞
absorb 吸收
act 作用
cause (be cause by) 引起(由……引起)
demonstrate 顯示
exert (action on) 起……作用
exhibit 顯示
inhibit 抑制
accumulate 積蓄
administrate 投葯
excrete 排泄
result in 導致 indicate 表明
maintain 維持
proce 產生
protect (from) 保護(不變)
reach 達到
show 顯示,表明
treat 治療
metabolize 代謝
promote 促進
prevent 阻止,預防
tolerate 耐受
2、形容詞
(be) active (effective) against 對…有效的
(be) related to 與……有關的
(be) sensitive to 對……敏感的
resistant to ……有耐葯性的 average 平均的
minimum 最低(小)的
maximum 最高(大)的
normal 正常的
3、名詞
ability 能力
activity 活性
distribution 分布
excretion 排泄
action 作用
clearance 廓清率
effect on 對…的作用
function 功能,作用
half life 半衰期
in vitro 體外 kidney 腎
mechanism 機理
serum concentration 血清濃度
tolerance 耐受性
infection 感染
in vivo 體內
level 水平,濃度
plasm lever 血漿濃度(水平)
toxicity 毒性
以上僅舉部分例詞,此外還有許多專業詞彙和基礎詞彙請參閱有關資料。
4. 「發燒」用英文怎麼說
【回答】
1、Fever 英/'fiːvə/ 美/'fivɚ/
其他表示方法: have [run] a fever; have [run] a temperature; fire; heat
2、英英釋義:《朗文當代高級英語辭典》
MEANINGS 義項
1.[C,U]an illness or a medical condition in which you have a very high temperature
發燒,發熱
→ hay fever→ scarlet fever→ yellow fever→ glanlar fever→ rheumatic fever
•Andyhas a feverand won』t be coming into work today. 安迪發燒了,今天不來上班。
•I woke up this morning with a fever and an upset stomach. 今天早上醒來時我發燒了,胃也不舒服。
•She』srunning a fever(=has a fever) . 她在發燒。
a high/low/slight fever
•The usual symptoms are a pink rash with a slight fever. 一般症狀為出粉紅色疹子並伴有低燒。
2.[singular,單數]a situation in which many people feel very excited or feel very strongly about something
高度興奮,狂熱,極端活躍
[+ of]
•a fever of excitement on Wall Street 華爾街的瘋狂
election/carnival etc fever(=great interest or excitement about a particular activity or event)選舉/狂歡節等的狂熱
•Soccer fever has been sweeping the nation as they prepare for the World Cup. 世界盃籌備期間,足球狂潮席捲全國。
3.(at) fever pitch
if people』s feelings are at fever pitch, they are extremely excited
狂熱,異常激動,高度活躍
•The nation was at fever pitch in the days leading up to the election. 大選前幾天,全國處於狂熱的興奮之中。
•After a night of rioting, tensions in the cityreached fever pitch. 一夜騷亂之後,該市的緊張氣氛達到了頂點。
Register 語體
In everyday English, people usually usefeverto talk about a very high temperature. If someone』s temperature is just high, they say that someonehas a temperaturerather thanhas a fever.
在日常英語中,人們說高燒時用fever。要是某人體溫只是略高,人們會說someone has a temperature,而不說has a fever
•He stayed home from school because hehad a temperature. 因為發燒,他待在家裡沒去上學。
→cabin fever
3、維基網路名詞解釋
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response,is defined as having a temperature above the normal range e to an increase in the body's temperature set point. There is not a single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using values between 37.5 and 38.3°C (99.5 and 100.9°F).The increase in set point triggers increased muscle contractions and causes a feeling of cold.This results in greater heat proction and efforts to conserve heat. When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes flushed, and may begin to sweat. Rarely a fever may trigger a febrile seizure. This is more common in young children. Fevers do not typically go higher than 41 to 42°C (105.8 to 107.6°F).
A fever can be caused by many medical conditions ranging from non serious to life threatening. This includes viral, bacterial and parasitic infections such as the common cold, urinary tract infections, meningitis, malaria and appendicitis among others. Non-infectious causes include vasculitis, deep vein thrombosis, side effects of medication, and cancer among others. It differs from hyperthermia, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the temperature set point, e to either too much heat proction or not enough heat loss.
Treatment to rece fever is generally not required.[1][8] Treatment of associated pain and inflammation, however, may be useful and help a person rest. Medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol (acetaminophen) may help with this as well as lower temperature. Measures such as putting a cool damp cloth on the forehead and having a slightly warm bath are not useful and may simply make a person more uncomfortable. Children younger than three months require medical attention, as might people with serious medical problems such as a compromised immune system or people with other symptoms. Hyperthermia does require treatment.
Fever is one of the most common medical signs. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children and occurs in up to 75% of alts who are seriously sick. While fever is a useful defense mechanism, treating fever does not appear to worsen outcomes. Fever is viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than it usually deserves, a phenomenon known as fever phobia.
【拓展回答】
1、片語短語
1.high fever發高燒
2.have a fever發燒
3.dengue fever登革熱(一種傳染病)
4.hemorrhagic fever[醫]出血熱
5.yellow fever[醫]黃熱病
6.hay fever[醫]枯草熱;[醫]花粉病
7.scarlet fever[病]猩紅熱
8.typhoid fever傷寒症
9.rheumatic fever[病]風濕熱;急性關節風濕病
10.swine fever豬瘟疫(等於hog cholera)
11.slight fever微熱,低燒
12.epidemic hemorrhagic fever流行性出血熱
13.cabin fever幽居病
14.fever of unknown origin無明顯病因的發燒
15.fever pitchn. 狂熱;極度興奮
16.haemorrhagic fever出血熱
17.spring fever春倦症;枯草熱
18.lassa fevern. [醫]拉沙熱
19.q feverQ熱病
20.fever heat狂熱;發熱
2、例句
1.
Shewasknocked overbyfever. 她由於發燒而病倒了。來源:《21世紀大英漢詞典》
2
Hesoonrallied from hisfever. 他的發燒很快就好了。來源:《21世紀大英漢詞典》
3.
He wasdown withfever, andthe doctoradvisedhimto lie upfor several days. 他因發燒而病倒了,醫生建議他卧床幾天。來源:《21世紀大英漢詞典》
4.
, athingsounprecedented,thatnothingequal to deliriumsoffever.
同時她看見了一樁破天荒的怪事,怪到無以復加,即使是在她發熱期間最可怕的惡夢里,這樣的怪事也不曾有過。
5.
notusuallyfatal. 這一病毒會導致發熱和關節痛,但是通常並不致命。
6.
Therefore,onceafeverhas beenestablished, therealquestionis:what kindofinfectionisit?
因此,一旦已經確定是發燒,那麼真正的問題是:這是一種什麼樣的傳染病?
7.
Mystomachseizeplikea clenched fist, andnausearolledintomelike afever.
我的胃像捏緊的拳頭一樣脹了起來,惡心如發燒似的沖進了我的身軀。
8.
Feverisonemanifestationofcold.
發燒是感冒的一種表現形式。
9.
Thismicrobeinfectsthe brainandcan causeheadache,confusion, motorweaknessandfever.
這種微生物可以感染腦部,引起頭痛,精神錯亂,虛弱和發燒。
10.
Ifyoubegin tohavefever,chills,vomiting, areunable tourinate,orexperience drainagefromyourincisionsyou .
如果你開始有發熱、打寒顫、嘔吐、不能排尿、或者有東西從手術的切口處流出,請立刻通知你的外科醫生。
【參考資料】
《朗文當代高級英語辭典》、《韋氏大學英語詞典》
維基網路——發燒
5. 求醫學專業英語對話,標注單詞
常用醫學英語對話
Good morning. What』s troubling you ?(What』s your trouble?)
早上好,你那裡不舒服?
Doctor, I have a terrible headache.
大夫,我頭疼的厲害。
All right , young man, tell me how it got started.
別著急,小夥子,告訴我怎麼回事。
Yesterday I had a running nose.Now my nose is stuffed up. And I』m afraid I』ve got a temperature, I feel terrible.
昨天我老流鼻涕,現在有點鼻塞,恐怕還伴有高燒,感覺糟透了。
A good rest is all you need , and drink more water. I』ll write you prescription.
你需要好好休息,多喝水。我馬上給你開處方。
Thank you very much!
謝謝。
That』s all right,remember to take a good rest.
不客氣,記住好好休息。
Are you feeling nausea?
你是感覺惡心嗎?
Do you cough?
你咳嗽嗎?
Have you any temperature.(a cough,a bed headach)
你發燒嗎?(咳嗽,劇烈的頭疼)
Do you feel short of breath sometimes?
你有時感覺到呼吸急促嗎?
Do you feel tired?
你感到疲乏嗎?
How long has this been going on?
繼續這樣多久啦?
How long have you been ill?
How long have you been feeling unwell?
你這樣不舒服有多久啦?
How are you feeling now?
你現在感覺怎麼樣了?
How』s you sleep?
你的睡眠情況怎麼樣?
Did you take your temperature(blood pressure)?
你試過體溫了嗎(測過血壓)?
Have you taken any medicine?
你吃過什麼葯嗎?
What medicine did you take?
你吃的是什麼葯?
Do you smoke(drink)?
你吸煙(喝酒)嗎?
Do you have difficulty breathing?
你有呼吸困難嗎?
Do you have appetite?
你有胃口嗎?
Have you ever had this experence before?
你以前曾經有這經驗嗎?
Have you lost weight recently?
你的體重最近減輕了嗎?
Have you taken anything for it?
你為它採取了各種方式了嗎?
Since when have you been feeling like this?
你感覺 象這樣是從什麼時候開始的?
What did you eat yesterday?
你昨天吃了什麼?
What seems to be the matter?
似乎是什麼問題?
What seems to be the trouble?
似乎是什麼麻煩?
What is the matter with you?
你怎麼了?
What hurts you?
你那裡痛?
Do you want to have your tooth extracted(filled)?你要拔牙(補牙)嗎?
Please open your mouth and say(ah).
請張開嘴說「啊」。
Please stick out your tongue.
請伸出你的舌頭。
I have a ringing in my ears.
我耳朵嗡嗡作響。
When shall I come back?
我什麼時候再來?
Is there any danger?
有危險嗎?
What could be the cause?
可能是什麼原因呢?
Isn』t there any good medicine for it?
沒有什麼好葯嗎?
Will surgery necessary?
需要做手術嗎?
I have got a headache.(toothache earache)
我頭疼。(牙疼 耳朵疼)
I have got a sore back.(sore thoat sore leg sore eye)
我腰疼。(嗓子疼 腿疼 眼睛疼)
I have been losing sleep.
我最近一直失眠。
Shall I stay in the hospital?
我需要住院嗎?
The pain seems less?
我的疼痛有些減輕。
What kind of food should I eat?
我應該吃什麼樣的飲食?
Will it take long to recover?
很久才能恢復嗎?
Is it right to move around and do sane exercise?
可以在地上走走,鍛煉鍛煉嗎?
What kind of medicine is this?
這是一種什麼葯呢?
What could it be ?
可能是什麼病呢?
What do you think?
你認為怎麼樣?
Don』t worry.不要擔心。
This is nothing to worry about.
不必顧慮。
You should stay in bed for a few days.
你需要卧床幾天。
You will have to stay in hospital for sevral days.
你需要在醫院里住幾天。
You will soon be all right.
你很快就會好的。
You should be very careful for a week or two.這一兩周內你需要很注意。
You can carry on with your work.
你可以繼續工作。
You will have to wait for twentyminutes.
你需要等二十分鍾。
If you feel worse,please come back to the clinic right away.
要是你覺得病加重了,就請馬上來門診。
I』m sure this medicine will help you a great deal.
這葯對你肯定會很有效的。
You will have to come here for periodical check-ups.
你需要定期來門診檢查。
If you feel worried, don』t hesitate to go to the clinic anytime,day or night.
你要是覺得難受,無論白天黑夜都趕緊上醫院看去。
I will come right away.
我馬上就來。
Do you understand what I am saying?
你明白我的話嗎?
I』m going to make arrangements for your adission.
我去給你安排住院。
Is there anything else you would like me to explan to you?
你看在那些方面還需要解釋?
Shall I explan again?
需要我再解釋一遍嗎?
Has it happened befor?
這種情況以前發生過嗎?
Are you feel better?
你覺得好些了嗎?
Is the pain gentting less?
疼痛減輕些了嗎?
How long have you had this pain?
你從什麼時候開始有這種痛的?
If the trouble persists come back again.
要是情況不太好,就請你再來門診吧。
Please come with your interpreter next time.
下次請帶翻譯來。
Is difficult to say just now exactly what』s wrong.現在還不好說是什麼問題。
Please wait until we get the result of the x-ray(blood test).
請等一下,我們需要看一下X線(驗血)的結果。
I suggest you do some light exercise.
我建議你做一些輕微的運動。
I suggest that you take chinese herbs.
我建議你吃中葯。
This often happens to people of your age.
這種情況經常發生在你這樣歲數的人。
This is quite common among people of your age.在您這樣歲數的人中,這可太尋常了。
This often occurs at your age.
這就經常出在你這種歲數上。
I would like to transfer you to the gynecology.(surgery,dermatology,urology)department.
我要將你轉到婦科(外科,皮膚科,泌尿科)
Please don』t eat anything tomorrow morning before blood test.
明早查血以前不要吃任何東西。
Let me examine you please.
讓我給你檢查一下。
Please take off your shoes and lie down.
請脫鞋,躺下。
Please take off your trousers.
請脫下褲子。
Please relax.
請放鬆。
Please unbutton your shirt and loosen your belt.請解開上衣的扣子,松開腰帶。
Please lie on your back(stomach,right side,left side)
請仰卧(俯卧,右側卧,左側卧)
Please stick out your tongue.
請伸出舌頭。
Please breathe deeply.
請正常呼吸。
Plesase lift your left leg.
請抬起你的左腿。
It is normal.(essentially normal)
結果正常。(基本正常)
Please tell me something of your past illnesses.請告訴我你過去的病史
Is there any blood in your stool?(urine,sputum)
你的大便(尿里,痰里)有血嗎?
一 (receiving the patient) 接待病人
1 How do you do?/Goodmorning.
2 What can I do for you?/Can I heIp you ?
3 I』ll bring you to your bedside,please follow me. This』syour bed.
我領你到床邊去,請跟我來,這是你的床位。
4 The toliet is over there. 洗手間在那邊。
5 We supply hot water. 我們供應熱水。
6 Please wait a monment.I,ll let your doctor know./I,ll inform your doctor.
請等一會,我去通知醫生。
7 Mary is the nurse/doctor in charge of you.
馬莉是負責你的醫生/護士。
8 Please let us know if you need any help.
如果你需要幫助,請告訴我們。
9 Smoking is not allowed here.這里不允許吸煙。1
10 do you mind if I ask you a few question?
你介意我問你幾個問題嗎?
11 We need some information from you.
我們需要從你這收集一些信息。
12 Does your pain come on after or beforemeals?
你的疼痛是在飯前還是飯後發作。
13 Are you periods regular?你的月經規律嗎?
二 (physical examination)查體
1 Will you please undress for medical examination?
請你脫下衣服做體檢好嗎?
2 Lie down on the couch,please./Just lie still on the couch and relax.
請躺在治療床上。請安靜的躺在治療床上,放鬆。
3 May I examine your tummy,please?
我要檢查你的肚子,好嗎?
4 Roll up your sleeves ,please。請捲起袖子。
四 (communication) 交流
1 I』m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood suggar level.
我要取一滴指血做血糖測定,需要刺一下手指
2 I』ll take some blood from your arm now.
現在我要從你的胳膊抽血。
3 Don』t take any thing by month after midnight until the bloodis drawn tomorrow morning. 半夜之後不要吃喝任何東西,明早抽血
4 Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum.請留一份尿/大便/痰的標本
5 Please collectyour mid-stream specimen of urine.請收集你的中段尿。
6 Please have your blood and urinetest down.請做下你的血和尿實驗。
7 You are going to to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.
今天你要做一個胸部/頭部CT。
8 You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning.今早你要拍個胸片
9 You』re going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam.please keep your bladder full.
你要做B超,請留尿 是膀胱充盈。
10 You』re going to have an gastric endos tomorrow morning.please don』t eat or drink anything after 12o』clock tonight.
明天上午你要做胃鏡檢查,今晚12點以後請不要吃喝任何東西。
11 You』re going to have unine catheterzation now.
你現在需要導尿。
12 I』m going to do an ECG foryou .
我要給您做心電圖。
13 』m going to put a gastric tube into your stomach,this is for gastrointestinal decompression . 我要放胃管到你的胃裡,這是胃腸減壓。