園林介紹英語怎麼說
Ⅰ 求關於蘇州園林的英文介紹
SuZhou classical Gardens
The Lingering Garden was listed from the first as cultural relics of national importance in 1961. With an area of 23,310 sq.m.it is celebrated for its artistic way of dealing with the spaces between various kinds of architectural form.Buildings make up one third of the total area of the garden,the hall of which being the most remarkable in Suzhou. The garden is separated into the middle ,eastern,northern and western parts. The ancestral temple and the house lie to the south of the garden.
Featuring man-made mountain and lake scenery in the west and garden courts in the east,the middle part of the garden is the original site of the Xu's East Garden and the Liu's Hanbi Villa,and is regarded as the best part of the whole garden. The eastern,northern and western parts are the extensions of the Sheng's Garden. The eastern part is noted for its strangely shaped limestones,the northern part idyllic scenes,and the western part the delights of woody hills.
A winding roofed walkway behind the small entrance of the garden,while leading to the places of quietude,shows the masterly use of contrast between big and small,straight and zigzag,and light and shade. After strolling for about 50 meters,one can catch a glimpse of lattice-windows revealing a half visible landscape garden behind. Interestingly enough,the view is changing at every step.
The middle part of the garden is centered upon a lake with man-made moutain in the north-west and a numger of attractive buildings in the southwest ,such as the Hanbi Moutain Villa ,the Pellucid Tower,the Green Shade Pavilion,the Zigzag Stream Tower,the Hao Pu Pavilion,and the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the lake.The mountains made mainly of yellowstones and earth,believed to be desigtned and piled up by Zhou Binzhong,look very much archaic and splendiferous.The admirable Crane House, the Small Garden of Stone Forest, the Return-to-Read Study in the east with the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks as the chief stucture are laid out in such a way that the indoor spaces have been brought into perfect harmony with the outdoor spaces. With an evocation of infinity,they are successfully made to be labyrinthine.
Flanked by the Auspicious Cloud and Mountainous Cloud peaks,the 6.5-meter-high Cloud-Capped Peak, the highest limestone in the classical gardens of Suzhou, is believed to be left behind by the imperial collector of the Northern Song Dynasty,Mass of buildings, including the Old Hermit Scholars' House, the Cloud-Capped Tower,the Cloud-Capped Terrace and the Awaiting Cloud Temple,are put up to give emphasis to the Cloud-Capped Tower,
The northern part is now a bonsai garden in which about 500 valuable bonsai are put on display.
The western part of the garden sets a fine example of good-looking earthen hills studded with yellowstones and covered with maple trees.There is a winding brook lined with peach trees and weeping willows.
The number of stelae in the Lingering Garden has never been surpassed by any other gardens in Suzhou.Superbly inscribed with the works of more than a hundred calligraphers in the Jin,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming ,and Qing Dynasties, these invaluable stelae bring to light the evolutionary course of Chinese calligraphy in the past 1,000 years.
The whole garden possesses with pride 42 rooms and halls , a 670-meter-long roofed walkway,200 lattice-windows of different kinds, 44 parallel couplets and stone carvings , 373 stelae,and 17 such valuable old trees as gingkoes,southern wistaria,etc. which fall into 8 catalogues.
Ⅱ 求一份中國園林的歷史的英文介紹，最好有翻譯。不要太長。。。
中國園林建築藝術是我國燦爛的古代文化的組成部分。它是我國古代勞動人民智慧和創造力的結晶，也是我國古代哲學思想、宗教信仰、文化藝術等綜合反映，在歷史上卻長期為統治階級和達官貴人所佔有享用。但是，在經歷了漫長的歷程之後今天已經被我們所繼承和發展，而為我國廣大人民所享用了。
為了能簡要地說明中國園林的發展歷史，現根據歷史文獻和現存古代園林遺址的考察，循其明顯的規跡，大致可以分成三個時期來概述之。
(一)先秦及秦漢時期。此時期或可稱為「白然時期」，是從「固」到「苑」的發展時期，約相當於距今三四千年的我國社會歷史發展的殷商西周時代。旱在原始時代，當人類進人奴隸制社會，先民主要的生產活動是狩獵勸!漁獵，後來慢慢進化到種植定居，馴養了一些野生動物，比如豬、犬、羊等，種植了一些植物，比如禾、麥、稻、獲等。這樣就出現了圈養、圈種的有一定范圍的地方，在甲骨文、糟文、金文中出現了「因、眺(囿)」「鑒、翻(圃)，，等字，隨著生產力的進一步提高，有了從事農事、畜牧、手工業製作以及各種雜務勞動的專業奴隸階層，在解決了生活的勞務後，奴隸主和帝王們就有了足夠的時間來進行各種游樂戲嬉，其中包括「狩獵」活動。而那些被選擇為狩獵地區的地方，一定是那些禽獸比較集中，山丘或林茂之地，水草叢生之處，這就是成為種植與株、圈養動物的「囿」。根據史料記載，從殷周到秦漢時期這種「囿」的存在和發展，大體具有三個特點:
1.:片地寬廣。一般方圓都在幾十里、上百里左右，如春秋楚莊王「築層台……延壤百里，』;
2.工程浩大。囿的周圍有界垣，囿內有台屋構築。
3.人工設施增加。山於狩獵地距離統治中心地較遠，不免要
在「囿」內建寢殿屋宇。
這種最早期的「囿」到漢代有了新的發展，它不僅僅是一種自然山林的原始狀態的存在，而是日趨專門化了。帝王們在這里建「宮」設「館」，除了為游獵所需要，增添了寢宮殿宇生活設施，還配置了觀賞植物、人工山水等景色，初步具有了「園林」性質，從漢代起它的名稱也從古代的「囿」改稱「苑」或「苑圈」了。著名的漢武帝的「上林苑」中，有「建章宮」，有「太液池」，周圍數百里，蓋起宮殿數十個，設置了「射熊館」、「鹿觀」、「虎圈觀」等各種動物的圈觀，並種植了各地送來的異樹花木，如「核桃，，「紫紋桃」等等。不過此時尚處於中國園林發展初期，對於苑囿的布局布置，並無一定規劃，仍較多地帶有古「囿」的持獵趣味。建築和山水的安排，也並不融洽有序，奇樹異花的種植，只是獵奇羅列，雖然它有了某些園林的性質，開啟了日後造園的新生面。總的說，仍是處於自然發展的時期。
(二)唐宋時期。它是我國古典園林的形成時期。由漢代開端的中國園林發展進程，經過東漢、三國、魏晉南北朝到隋代統一中國的過渡，至唐代出現了一個興盛的局面。由於疆域的擴大、經濟的發達、民族的融合，促進了文化藝術的發展，達到了一個空前繁榮時期，和別的文化發展一樣，園林發展中出現了兩個顯著的特點，一是在苑囿的營建中注意了游樂和賞景的作用，如在殿宇建築外，已注意到迭石造山，鑿池引泉。布局關系也趨於融洽，使之形成優美的環境，發揮了休憩、游賞，甚至宴樂之功能，一是繪畫技術的發展與造園藝術的發展的互相促進，如南朝梁·張僧怒擅長畫山水，能「咫尺之間便覺萬里之遙」，畫家所提煉的構圖、排列、層次和色彩，極大地豐宮了造園技巧，而且有的畫家，自己就是一個傑出的造園專家，如詩人王維設計營建的「輛川園」。
中國園林形成時期最突出的成就是造園和文學、繪畫的結合，大家所熟知的宋徽宗營建的「良岳」，也就是《水滸傳》里「花石綱」的來歷。這個御花園，山水美秀、林木暢茂，迭石樹峰，又有宮殿亭閣，高低錯落，迭山鑿池，別出勝景，可稱為唐宋時期中國古典園林的代表作，可惜已經在戰火中夷為平地，在地面上永遠地消失了。
(三)明清時期。中國古典園林的全盛時一期。北宋為遼金取代後，遼、金、元三代後先相繼，在燕京一帶興修皇家園林。金代從開封拆運至中都大量的良岳花石，元代在建築藝術中促進了國內各民族和東西方文化的交流，使我國各民族豐富奇特的建築形式 更添異彩。(如至今還能見到的十三世紀出於尼泊爾藝術家阿尼哥之手的北京妙應寺白塔等)。明代及清代初期，在中國園林發展史上是個輝煌的時期，達到了它的全盛時期。這有我們今天仍能親眼目睹的很多實物實景所證明。這個全盛時期的園林，與過去時代所不同的，育三個方面的特點:(1)功能全，(2)形式多，(3)藝術化。茲為分述如卜:
(1)功能全:在各個歷史時期的園休發展，卜，都有新增加的內容，至明濟後大備，諸如聽政、受賀、宴會、觀戲、居住、園游、讀書、禮佛、觀賞、狩獵、種花等等，應有盡有，甚至為滿足統治者的「雅興」，還建有商業市街之景，如近年恢復的頤和園蘇州街，以及圓明園原來的買賣街.包羅了帝王生括的全部活動，功能的多樣花，自然擴大了園林的建築營造規模，此其一。
(2)形式多。這里指的是作為園林重要組成部分的建築而言，無論其為建築群落組合，抑或單體建築形色，其形式也是多種多樣的。它既吸收了各地區的地方特點和各民族的民族風格，既有殿堂樓閣，又有幽尼佛寺;既有粉牆石垣，又有竹籬泥笆，靈活而多變，隨處而點綴，這在『紅樓夢》中大觀園也有非常生動的反映。在園林布局及布置方l厄則吸收r南北園林藝術的精華，因地制宜地加以匯聚，比如圓明三園的諸多景色中就再現了國內蘇杭揚州等地著名園林的特點，謂之「移天縮地」亦不為過。
(3)藝術化。明濟園林中占卞導地位的是園林建築的高度藝術化，其景物、其鳳格、其布局，移步借景，動靜相兼等藝術美學理論的運川，已臻成熱，各種建築形式的風景景觀的結合融為體，自水木石的精心安才i沁建築植物的眾從位粉，都起到了立體形象l，甚至在附屬設施的樣式、內部裝修和環境色彩等方面也都得到統一的和諧的沒計，體現了中國造園思想的高超境界。
試問，明清時期的中國園林建築，共造園思想何以能達到如此發達的藝術水平，我認為有兩個重要的標志。
第一，造園藝術理論有了劃時代的總結性成果，即明代崇禎時江蘇吳江人計成《園冶》一書的問世。過去，關於園林的設計(或叫「經營，，)原則、藝術技巧和實際建造經驗，還只能在詩詞、游記等文學作品中有片斷描述，沒有形成理論規律。但是《園冶》卻是一部有關園林建築的系統性的總結性的專門著作。全書共三卷，一卷為造園總論(』興造論》、《「園說、)、選地(《相地》)、立基和各種單體建築(屋宇堂軒)的形象範例，二卷講各式欄桿及其式樣;三卷講「1窗、牆垣、鋪地、造山、迭石、借景等，全書計三萬多字，並有插圖二百餘幅。它反映了當時的園林面貌和造園藝術水平，而且一直對中國造園有指導意義，甚至可以說曹雪芹在《紅樓夢》中創造的大觀園也是根據這些理論來構建的。
第二，大批造園藝術家的誕生，如清代戲曲家李漁(笠翁)，在南北都有自己設計建造的住宅園林，以北京的芥子園最有名。傑出的造園家張南垣父子，更是園林史上的大家，不僅在蘇揚等南方園林中有他們的遺構，北京北海公園取，就有他們的遺作可供欣賞。以他們的生存年代推算，我們有理由認為《紅樓夢》中營建大觀園的造園設計師「山子野」的原型，應該就是張氏父子了。
Ⅲ 求一篇關於園林的英文簡介
The Temple of Heaven is a worthwhile visiting place in Beijing. It is much bigger than the Forbidden City and smaller than the Summer Palace with an area of about 2,700,000 square meters. The Temple was built in 1420 A.D. ring the Ming Dynasty to offer sacrifice to Heaven. As Chinese emperors called themselves 'The Son of Heaven' ,they dared not to build their own dwelling,'Forbidden City' bigger than a dwelling for Heaven.
The Temple of Heaven is enclosed with a long wall. The northern part within the wall is semicircular symbolizing the heavens and the southern part is square symbolizing the earth. The northern part is higher than the southern part. This design shows that the heaven is high and the earth is low and the design reflected an ancient Chinese thought of 'The heaven is round and the earth is square'.
The Temple is divided by two enclosed walls into inner part and outer part. The main buildings of the Temple lie at the south and north ends of the middle axis line of the inner part. The most magnificent buildings are The Circular Mound Altar (Yuanqiutan), Imperial Vault of Heaven (Huangqiongyu) and Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest (Qiniandian) from south to north. Also, there are some additional buildings like Three Echo Stones and Echo Wall.Almost all of the buildings are connected by a wide bridge called Vermilion Steps Bridge (Danbiqiao) or called Sacred Way.
The Circular Altar has three layered terraces with white marble. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368 A.D. - 1911 A.D.), the emperors would offer sacrifice to Heaven on the day of the Winter Solstice every year. This ceremony was to thank Heaven and hope everything would be good in the future. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is a big palace with round roof and three layers of eaves. Inside the Hall are 28 huge posts. The four posts along the inner circle represent four seasons-spring, summer, autumn and winter; the 12 posts along the middle circle represent the 12 months; and 12 posts along the outer circle represent 12 Shichen (Shichen is a means of counting time in ancient China. One Shichen in the past equaled two hours and a whole day was divided into 12 Shichens). The roof is covered with black, yellow and green colored glaze representing the heavens, the earth and everything on earth. The Hall has a base named Altar for Grain Prayers which is made of three layers of white marble and has a height of six meters. Another important building in Temple of Heaven is Imperial Vault of Heaven. If you look at it from far away, you will find that the Vault is like a blue umbrella with gold head. The structure of it is like that of Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, but smaller in size. The structure was made of bricks and timber. The Vault was used to place memorial tablets of Gods. White marble railings surround the vault.
The Vermilion Steps Bridge connects the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Imperial Vault of Heaven. The south end of the Bridge is lower than its north end. The emperors in the past believed that they could go to heaven through this Bridge, which is why this bridge is also called Sacred Way. A Yu Route and a Wang Route are on two sides of the Sacred Way. The former one is only for the emperors to walk on and the later one is for the princes and the high officials to pass.
Three Echo Stones is outside of the gate of the Imperial Vault of Heaven. If you speak facing the Vault while standing on the first stone, you will hear one echo; standing on the second and then the third stone, you will hear two and three echoes respectively.
Another interesting and famous place for you to visit is called Echo Wall owning special feature. The wall encloses the Imperial Vault of Heaven. Its perimeter is 193 meters.
If you and your friend stand at the east and the west roots of the wall respectively and you whisper a word, then your friend will hear clearly what you say. Isn't it interesting? The phenomenon utilizes the theory of sound wave.
Besides carefully designed buildings, there are also some other scenes that you can enjoy like Nine-Dragon Cypress. It got its name from branches which look like nine dragons wind with each other. It was said that the cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. Really, a grandfather tree!
Admission Fee: CNY 30 (Nov. 1 to Mar. 31)
CNY 35 (Apr. 1 to Oct. 31)
Opening Hours: 07:00-19:30 (winter), 05:00-21:30 (summer)
Recommended
Time for a Visit: One and a half hour
Bus Route: 34,6,35
Ⅳ 蘇州園林簡介 英文
去www.2500sz.com 上看看
Ⅳ 求【中國園林的英文介紹】
介紹:For centuries, Chinese gardens have displayed a delicate balance between the forces of nature and man』s creations. These luxurious gardens provide a spiritual haven from worldly worries.
5個要素與運用
A delicate balance of five key elements will make up the USNA』s Classical Chinese Garden, creating a setting where visitors can learn, relax and enjoy.
1.Water is considered to be the central component of a Chinese garden. It serves as a balance for the other elements in the garden. The best sites in Chinese gardens are on the edges of lakes with views of the mountains.
2.Chinese scholars used rocks as art on their desks. Garden rocks that are often large and porous are considered to be among the most valuable in a Chinese garden. These ageless objects symbolize the dwellings of Taoist immortals.
3.Certain plants were favored for Chinese gardens because of their association with overcoming the limitations of ordinary life. The pine, cypress, plum and bamboo are favorites because of their ability to grow in harsh weather conditions and rough terrain.
4.The arrangement of buildings divides a Chinese garden into smaller sections that contain one or more scenic views. The buildings in a garden are designed to accent the garden with windows and doorways that frame scenic views in their courtyards and beyond.
5.A garden design is considered to be an art form in China. Other Chinese art includes: calligraphy, painting, poetry, dance, flower arranging and viewing stones.
Ⅵ 中國園林的英語介紹
口試就自己臨時發揮啊，寫出來就是書面的感覺，比平時說話文一些。一聽就是假的。
Ⅶ 介紹蘇州園林的英語作文加中文翻譯(100字)
蘇州是一個古老，文明，美麗的城市和蘇州園林是良好的世界知名的。
Suzhou is an ancient, civilized and beautiful city and the Suzhou.
獅子林
《Lion Grove Garden 》is located on 23 Yuanlin Road, in the northeast of Suzhou-a city with profound cultural background and convenient developmental advantages. Lion Grove Garden is one of the four most famous and representative gardens of ancient classical style in Suzhou City！
留園 《Lingering Garden 》Covering an area of 23,310 square meters, the Lingering Garden is the best garden in Suzhou as well as being one of the four most famous gardens in China. (The others are: the Summer Palace in Beijing, the Mountain Resort of Chengde, and the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou). It is renowned for the artistic way in which the spaces between various kinds of architectural forms are dealt with.
拙政園《Humble Administrator's Garden》 China's gardens generally can be divided into two kinds: the royal garden, represent by Summer Palace in Beijing and Mountain Resort of Chengde, and the private garden, represent by private gardens in Suzhou.
滄浪亭〈Canglang Pavilion 〉Canglang Pavilion, located south of Suzhou city, is the oldest garden among the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. It is also one of the four most famous gardens in the city - the others being: "Lion Grove", "Humble Administrator's Garden" and "Garden for Lingering In." The area used to be the private garden of a Prince of the Five Dynasties (907-960). During the Northern Song Dynasty, the scholar Su Zimei built a pavilion in this garden and named it Canglang Pavilion. The garden has been rebuilt many times but most of the present garden buildings, simple and plain, date from the Qing Dynasty.
Ⅷ 用英語介紹花園
European Garden brings to you highest quality, European-designed procts to enjoy in your home and around your garden. After 20 years of importing the fine gardening tools, planters and outdoor accessories, our wholesale distribution company has opened European Garden to allow customers to buy direct.
The Chinese (Scholar's) Garden is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature. To be considered authentic, a garden must be built and planned around seventeen essential elements: 1) proximity to the home; 2) small; 3) walled; 4) small indivial sections; 5) asymmetrical; 6) various types of spatial connections; 7) architecture; 8) rocks; 9) water; 10) trees; 11) plants; 12) sculpture; 13) jie jing (borrowed scenery); 14) chimes; 15) incense burners; 16) inscriptions; 17) use of feng shui for choosing site.[1]
Chinese gardens were created in the same way as a combination of landscape and paintings together with poems - this was the so-called "poetic garden." The design of Chinese gardens was to provide a spiritual utopia for one to connect with nature, to come back to one's inner heart, to come back to ancient idealism. Chinese gardens are a spiritual shelter for men, a place they could be far away from their real social lives, and close to the ancient way of life, their true selves, and nature. This was an escape from the frustration and disappointment of the political problems in China. They used plants as symbols. Bamboo was used in every traditional Chinese garden. This is because bamboo represents a strong but resilient character. Often pine is used to represent longevity, persistence, tenacity and dignity. The lotus is used to symbolize purity. The flowering plum is one of the most important aspects of a Chinese garden, as it represents renewal and strength of will. Flowering peaches are grown for spring color, and sweet olive as well. The chrysanthemum is use to symbolize splendor, luster and "the courage to make sacrifices for a natural life". Peonies symbolize wealth and banana trees are used simply for the sound they make in the breeze.
Ⅸ 園林,用英語怎樣說
garden
或是park
Ⅹ 用英語介紹蘇州園林
蘇州古典園林的歷史可上溯至公元前6世紀春秋時吳王的園囿，私家園林最早見於記載的是東晉(4世紀)的辟疆園,歷代造園興盛，名園日多.明清時期,蘇州成為中國最繁華的地區，私家園林遍布古城內外.16--18世紀全盛時期,蘇州有園林200餘處，現在保存尚好的有數十處,並因此使蘇州素有"人間天堂"的美譽。Classical gardens of Suzhou can be traced back to the 6th century BC when the king's garden of spring, first seen in private gardens is recorded in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4th century) the Pijiang Park, ancient garden flourished, many famous gardens on the Ming and Qing period, Suzhou, China's most prosperous areas, private gardens throughout the city inside and outside the .16 - 18th century heyday, Suzhou gardens are more than 200, and now there are dozens of preservation is still good and, therefore, Suzhou, known as "paradise" in the world.蘇州古典園林宅園合一，可賞，可游，可居，這種建築形態的形成，是在人口密集和缺乏自然風光的城市中，人類依戀自然，追求與自然和諧相處，美化和完善自身居住環境的一種創造。Classical Gardens of Suzhou gardens one can enjoy, can travel, and livable, the formation of this architectural form, in densely populated cities and the lack of natural scenery, human attachment to nature, the pursuit of harmony with nature, beautify and improve their own create a living environment.