介紹發展歷史用英語怎麼說
該書以來短文源形式介紹中國文化發展史
The book introces the history of Chinese cultural development in the form of short essays
② nba發展歷程英文簡介
都是英文,你怎麼看啊
③ 發展史 英語怎麼說
developing history
④ 介紹漢語發展或歷史等等的英語作文!急求!!!!
The Charm of Chinese Language
Chinese Language faces some challenges. As compared with English and other Latin based languages, Chinese is less popular and more difficuh for computer word processing. Some college students, wondering whether it is still one of the best languages in the world, neglect Chinese study.
Extensive research has revealed that Chinese possesses many advantages over other languages. Written Chinese is based on a set of ideogram characters. From a simple word one may obtain a wealth of information about its hidden meaning, evolution history and related phrases. Historians can decipher the damaged ancient characters carved on ox hones but no such achievement could be obtained with Latin-based languages. To express a given idea, the Chinese version is always the shortest, most accurate and most effective.
Moreover, Chinese kids learn Chinese by memorizing patterns or funny pictures which stimulate curiosity and imagination. It is well recognized that human brains work well with patterns and pattern recognition in turn promotes brain development. What' more, Chinese is also easy to learn. Many foreigners speak Chinese fluently after a few years of learning. Recently, several word processing programs have been successfully developed for Chinese language and turned out to be better than those designed for English.
Chinese is the crystallization of the splendid culture developed continuously for over 5,000 years. Many treasures remain to be explored. As China grows stronger, more and more foreigners will learn Chinese and share the invaluable treasure.
⑤ 英語發展史
早期日耳曼人部落(盎格魯族、撒克遜族、朱特族和弗里西族)移民到英格蘭,英語就是從他們的語言中變化繼承下來。據《盎格魯撒克遜編年史》記載,公元449年左右,不列顛群島國王伏提庚(Vortigern)邀請「盎格魯親戚們」來幫助他對抗皮克特人。作為回報,他賜予盎格魯族東南部的領土。隨後他又進一步尋求支援,撒克遜族、盎格魯族與朱特族人紛紛前來。《編年史》記載,最終這些「移民」建立了七個王國:諾森伯利亞、麥西亞、東盎格利亞、肯特、埃塞克斯、蘇塞克斯、威塞克斯。
日爾曼人入侵後,統治了當地的凱爾特語民族,本地語言主要於蘇格蘭、威爾士、康沃爾與愛爾蘭存活了下來。這些入侵者的語言逐漸形成了「古英語」,與近代弗里西語極為相象。English(英格蘭人、英語)、England(英格蘭)和East
Anglia(東盎格利亞)這三個詞是分別從描繪盎格魯族的詞彙發展而來:Englisc、
Angelcynn、Englaland。
1066年諾曼征服後三百年內,英格蘭的國王只講法語。因此一大批法語詞彙進入了古英語,古英語本身也失去了大部分曲折變化,進化為中古英語。1500年左右的母音大推移將中古英語變形為近代英語。古英語最著名的文學作品是《貝奧武夫》,中古英語則是《坎特伯雷故事集》。
近代英語在莎士比亞所處的時期開始繁榮,一些學者將之分為早期近代英語與後期近代英語,分界線為1800年左右。隨著不列顛對全世界大部分地區的佔領和殖民,當地語言也很大程度上影響了英語的發展。
⑥ 誰給個關於鎖的歷史及發展的英文介紹啊!!急用!
1
Lock History
A brief history of locks in America
In even the earliest buildings, locks were used to protect possessions. A great many of them consisted of just a wooden bar mounted on iron brackets. The only thing that has not changed over the centuries is that whatever you lock up, someone else will try to open. This is well illustrated by the epitaph on a New England headstone.
An ancient locksmith died of late, and did arrive at Heaven's gate; He stood without, and wouldn't knock, because he meant to pick that lock!
During the period of the 18th and 19th century many technical developments were made in the locking mechanisms that added to the security of common locking devices. It was ring this period that America changed form importing door hardware to manufacturing it and even exporting some. New applications for cast iron, brass and clay completely changed the appearance of the locks that could be bought. The development through the years of locking devices was carried out by hundreds of indivials all over the world. To put America's locks at a reasonable price you must only realize that the Chinese had, in common use before the year 1000, a strong, small lock, operated by a relatively easy to carry key. In the years before dynamite was discovered in 1867, the key was everything. Without the key a thief had little hope of opening a locked strongbox or door. For this reason the shape of a key as well as number of wards cut into it were varied to meet the needs of the material being protected. Blacksmiths in the Colonies made many locks, as well as their other procts. They could not keep up with the demand for locks as the country expanded even though some specialized in just lockmaking. These men were known as Whitesmiths as they filed and polished their procts, unlike the blacksmith who left the surface much as it came from forge. Lockmaking required the skills common to the Blacksmith plus lathe turning, spring tempering, rivet and screw making, precise fitting and hole punching. Sometimes in the same shop, brass casting was done for the knobs and escutcheons that were used. The First American iron works was erected at Sagus, Mass in 1646. Brass Foundries and Iron furnaces, as they were called, such as Hopewell, Isabella and Warwick Furnace all near our business in Chester County Pennsylvania proced a multitude of common and specialized procts. But like the Whitesmith, the demand was greater that they could meet. It is for these reasons that is safe to assume that over 80% of the Iron locks and more that 90% of the Brass Locks used in this country before 1800 were imported.
Molded Edge locks proced in England were popular with people of means for their main doors through the late 1700's both here in America and in England. Just as the Dutch, German, Swedish, English and French carpenters built houses of a type that they knew in their homeland, so did the locksmith create locks that were familiar to him.
The plate latch is based on an English pattern. There are many different latches designed by different countries, each one unusual in it's own right. The Dutch elbow latch, the Moravian latch, the French mortised locks with lever handles of brass and many more. Iron locks, thumb latches, bar latches, key locks, stock locks, Carpenter patent locks and other devices were used in great quantity.
On Carpenter locks, they were widely used in the East and South and they were all made in England. The latching bar that lifted through a brass rimmed keeper is the patented design and the patent was issued in 1820.
In all there were about 20 companies procing these locks, under license, from Carpenter. To confuse the historians that like to have clear cut dates on everything, according to the noted Pa. restoration architect, G. Edwim Brumbaugh, the house at Pottstown, PA known as Pottsgrove Mansion was fitted with Carpenter Locks when it was built in the 1750's. It is strange to note that this lock as common as it is in this country, is, as far as we know, completely absent in England. Could it be that they were all made for export?
If a date were required to be set for the ending of handcraftsmanship in locks, I would use 1840. This corresponds to the beginning of the Instrial Revolution in this country, and is followed closely by mass proction. In 1831, Frederick T. Stanley established the first factory for the manufacture of, not the making of, locks in New Britain Conn. Others had at that time, proced items such as locks, hinges, bells, utensils, nails, screws, and all the hundreds of things that are hard to find today. Mr. Stanley's shop was set up only to make door locks. In the years to follow the Stanley name, Frederick or his cousins William and Henry, were associated with other now famous American lockmakers, including Seth North of North and Stanley; Henry Russel of Russel and Erwin and Philip Corbin of P&F Corbin.
Between 1840 and 1900 patents were issued by the hundreds to these men and others for improvements of locking devices or decorative trim. The leader in the decorative hardware field, known then as compression bronze, was Russell and Erwin. One of the most noticeable developments of the period was the widely used Mineral knob in White, Bennington brown and Black. These knobs were patented by John Pepper in 1851. Mr. Cornelius Erwin of Russell and Erwin helped him form "The Mineral Knob Company" to proce these knobs. These knobs were used on thousands of locks.
Corbin developed the unit lock, which was installed by cutting a notch in the edge of the door, sliding the unit it and fastening the trim on both sides. In 1833, J.A. Blake patented the grandfather on the tubular lock of today. This was installed by drilling only two holes into the door.
Walter R. Schlage of San Francisco was awarded 11 patents for the development of the tubular lock. Mr. Linus Yale, his son and employees added to the problems of would be thieves with the non-ending stream of improved bank locks that they made.
Mr. Samuel Segal, former New York City policeman, is credited for the first jimmy proof locks, and has over 25 patents to prove that he didn't stop when he built the first one in 1916.
2
A lock or water lock is an enclosed, rectangular chamber with gates at each end, within which water is raised or lowered to allow boats or ships to overcome differences in water level. Locks have a history of over 2,000 years, and although they are most often used by boats on canals, they also are used to transport massive ships between seas.
All locks operate on the simple buoyancy principle that any vessel, no matter what size, will float atop a large enough volume of water. By raising or lowering the level of a body of water, the vessel itself goes up or down accordingly. Locks are used to connect two bodies of water that are at different ground levels as well as to "walk" a vessel up or down a river's more turbulent parts. This is done by a series of connecting or "stair-case" locks. Locks contributed significantly to the Instrial Revolution (period beginning about the middle of the eighteenth century ring which humans began to use steam engines as a major source of power) by making possible the interconnection of canals and rivers, thus broadening commerce. They still play a major role in today's instrial society.
History
The ancestor of the modern lock is the flash lock. It originated in China and is believed to have been used as early as 50 B.C. The flash lock was a navigable gap in a masonry dam that could be opened or closed by a single wooden gate. Opening the gate very quickly would release a sudden surge of water that was supposed to assist a vessel downstream through shallow water. This was often very dangerous. Using the flash lock to go upstream was usually safe but extremely slow since the gap in the dam was used to winch or drag a vessel through.
At some future date, a second gate was added to the flash lock, thus giving birth to the pound lock. The first known example of a pound lock (whose al gates "impound" or capture the water) was in China in A.D. 984. It consisted of two flash locks about 250 feet (76 meters) apart. By raising or lowering guillotine or up-and-down gates at each end, water was captured or released. The space between the two gates thus acted as an equalizing chamber that elevated or lowered a vessel to meet the next water level. This new method was entirely controllable and had none of the hazards and surges of the old flash lock.
Ships in the Miraflores locks on the Panama Canal. (Reproced by permission of
Photo Researchers, Inc.
)
The first pound lock in Europe was built at Vreeswijk, the Netherlands, in 1373. Like its Chinese ancestor, it also had guillotine gates. The pound lock system spread quickly throughout Europe ring the next century, but was eventually replaced by an improved system that formed the basis of the modern lock system. During the fifteenth century, Italian artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) devised an improved form of pound lock whose gates formed a V-shape when closed. In 1487, Leonardo built six locks with gates of this type. These gates turned on hinges, like doors, and when closed they formed a V-shape pointing upstream—thus giving them their name of miter gates. One great advantage of miter gates was that they were self-sealing from the pressure of the upsteam water.
Construction and operation
The earliest locks were built entirely of wood, with stone and then brick becoming standard materials. The gates themselves were always wooden, with some lasting as long as 50 years. Filling or emptying these early locks was often accomplished by hand-operated sluices or floodgates built in the gates. On later and larger locks, it was found that conits or culverts built into the lock wall itself were not only more efficient but let the water enter in a smoother, more controlled manner. Nearly all locks operate in the following manner: (1) A vessel going downstream to shallower water enters a lock with the front gate closed. (2) The rear gate is then closed and the water level in the lock is lowered by opening a valve. The vessel goes down as the water escapes. (3) When the water level inside the lock is as low as that downstream, the front gate is opened and the vessel continues on its way. To go upstream, the process is reversed, with the water level being raised inside the lock. What the operators always strive for is to fill or empty the lock in the fastest time possible with a minimum of turbulence.
In modern locks, concrete and steel have replaced wood and brick, and hydraulic power or electricity is used to open and close the gates and side sluices. Movable gates are the most important part of a lock, and they must be strong enough to withstand the water pressure arising from the often great difference in water levels. They are mostly a variation of Leonardo's miter gates, except now they usually are designed to be stored inside the lock's wall recesses.
Probably the best known locks in the world are those used in the Panama Canal—the most-used canal in the world. Completed in 1914, the Panama Canal is an interoceanic waterway 51 miles (82 kilometers) long that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Isthmus of Panama. It has three major sets of locks, each of which is built in tandem to allow vessels to move in either direction, like a separated, twoway street. Each lock gate has two leaves, 65 feet (20 meters) wide by 7 feet (2 meter) thick, set on hinges. The gates range in height from 47 to 82 feet (14 to 25 meters) and are powered by large motors built in the lock walls. The chambers are 1,000 feet (305 meters) long, 110 feet (34 meters) wide, and 41 feet (13 meters) deep. Most large vessels are towed through the locks. As with all locks today, they are operated from a control tower using visual signals and radio communications.
3
History
The ancestor of the modern lock is the flash lock, also called a navigation weir or stanch. It originated in China and is believed to have been used as early as 50 B.C. The flash lock was a navigable gap in a masonry dam or weir that could be opened or closed by a single wooden gate. Opening the gate or sluice very quickly would release a sudden surge of water that was supposed to assist a vessel downstream through shallow water. This was often very dangerous. Using the flash lock to go upstream was usually safe but extremely slow since the gap in the dam was used to winch or drag a vessel through.
At some point, what now seems to be a very obvious improvement was made, and a second gate was added to the flash lock, thus giving birth to the pound lock. The first known example of a pound lock (whose al gates "impound" or capture the water) is in China in 984 A.D. Supposedly built by Chiao Wei-Yo on the West River section of the Grand Canal near Huai-yin, it consisted of two flash locks about 250 ft (76.2 m) apart. By raising or lowering guillotine gates at each end, water was captured or released. The space between the two gates thus acted as an equalizing chamber that elevated or lowered a vessel to meet the next water level. This new method was entirely controllable and had none of the hazards and surges of the old flash lock.
Although a primitive form of lock was used in Belgium as early as 1180, the first pound lock in Europe was built at Vreeswijk, Holland in 1373. Like its Chinese ancestor, it also had guillotine or up-and-down gates. The pound lock system spread quickly throughout Europe ring the next century and was eventually replaced by an improved system that formed the basis of the modern lock system. During the fifteenth century, the multi-talented Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), served the Duke of Milan as engineer and devised an improved form of pound lock whose gates formed a V-shape when closed. In 1487, da Vinci built six locks with gates of this type. These gates turned on hinges, like doors, and when closed they formed a vee shape pointing upstream-thus giving them their name of miter gates. Da Vinci realized that one great advantage of miter gates is that they were self-sealing by the pressure of the water (since they point upstream). Also when there is a difference in water level between one side and the other, the pressure holding the gates together is at its greatest. Most of the great canals of Europe use locks. In France, the Briare Canal, completed in 1642, included 40 locks, one series of which was a staircase of six locks that handled a fall of 65 ft (20 m). The famous Canal Midi that leads to the Mediterranean was finished in 1692 and used 26 locks to surmount the 206-ft (61 m) difference from Garonne to Toulouse. It then descended 620 ft (189 m) through 74 locks. The first lock in England was built in 1566, but it was not until 1783 that a lock was completed in North America at Lake St. Francis in Canada.
4
The History Of Locks
Locksmithing is one of the oldest handicrafts known to civilized man. Long before the great Pyramids were built, Locksmiths plied their trade in Egypt, Babylon, Assyria and China. In fact, it may be said that the first key to be used by mankind was the branch of the tree, which the cavemen used to move aside the boulder that guarded the entrance to his cave. In the ruins of ancient cities, archaeologists frequently uncover locking devices that protected the wealth of men who lived before the time of written history.
Over forty centuries ago an Egyptian artist painted a fresco on an ancient temple, which showed a lock that was, then in use. A similar lock was actually found in the ruins of a once sumptuous palace in a suburb of the biblical city of Nineveh. This lock is said to be the oldest lock in existence.
It is quite reasonable to suppose that the first barring of a door was done by means of a cross beam, either dropped into sockets of sliding in staples fixed on the door; and it is equally reasonable to suppose that if it slid, a vertical pin dropping into a hole through the staple and beam together, kept the beam in place. If the beam was on the outside of the door, the locking pin must be hidden, and reached either through a hole in the beam, or else through a hole in the staple. This is the kind of primitive lock as made by the Egyptians.
They shortened the beam in a long bolt, and made it hollow for part of its length, so as to reach the pin hidden in beam and staple through the beam itself. The key, which was pushed up the hollow, had pegs on it to match the pins, which held the bolt - for the one pin was now multiplied. When the key was well home it was raised, and so its pegs lifted up the pins out of the way, leaving the bolt free. Then the bolt was drawn back by the key; the pegs are the latter filling up and engaging with the holes until then filled by the pins. It will be noticed that the shank of the key is the arm and the pegs are the fingers of the hand. The dropping pins are the true tumblers. The Egyptian lock was first described by Eton in his Survey of the Turkish Empire, 1798. Further information about it was given early in the 19th century by Denon, the Frenchman, who said that he had found the locks sculptured in one of the grand old temples of Karnac, which shows that the same kind of lock has served Egypt for 40 centuries. Locks almost identical or with very little difference and still made of wood have been seen recently in Iraq and Zanzibar. In another class of primitive locks, the pins were reached through a hole in the staple and not through the bolt. There is good reason to believe they were once remarkably widespread. They have seen comparatively recently in some parts of Scandinavia, in the Hebrides and Faroe Islands. They have been observed also upon the West Coast of Africa and in the less frequented parts of certain Balkan States. The hole in the
最後一篇沒寫下,地址在這里:
http://www.jmlock.com/lock-history.aspx
覺得不滿意我再改
⑦ 英語的發展歷史
英語發展史可以追溯到公元前500年左右。在大不列顛島(Great Britain)上史料記載的最早的語言是公元前500年左右的凱爾特語(Celtic)。公元前55年,羅馬人入侵大不列顛,並一直佔領了大約500多年,拉丁語進入了該地區,並成為官方語言,凱爾特語的地位下降。約公元449年,居住於丹麥與德國北部的3個日耳曼人部族趁羅馬帝國衰落入侵到大不列顛島上。他們分別是盎格魯人(Angles,入侵日德蘭半島中部)、薩克遜人(Saxons,入侵日德蘭半島南部)和朱特人(Jutes,入侵日德蘭半島北部)。在語言上,他們取代了當時該地所使用的凱爾特語。這三個日耳曼部族方言隨著社會發展,逐漸融合為一種新的語言,即盎格魯一薩克遜語(Anglo-Saxon),這就是後來形成的英語的基礎。到公元700年,人們把大不列顛島上三部族混合形成的語言稱為Englisc。到公元1000年,島上整個國家被稱作Englaland。這兩個詞後來就演變成English(英語)和England(英格蘭或英國)這就是English和England兩個詞的歷史由來。
8世紀末,丹麥人大批入侵英國,在其東北部建立丹麥區,持續了近300年,當時所帶來的斯堪的那維亞語對英語的發展有很大影響。公元1066年,法國的諾曼蒂公爵侵人英國,並加冕為英國國王,建立了諾曼蒂王朝,一直延續到1154年。在諾曼蒂王朝統治期間,英國實際上存在著三種語言,法語是官方語言;拉丁語是宗教語言,用於閱讀聖經、教堂宗教活動;英語則是下層社會勞動者用的世俗語言。法語在英國的特殊地位一直延續到14世紀,法院、學校、宮廷分別於1362年、1385年、1399年才停止使用法語。1382年用英語書寫的聖經出現,才結束了拉丁語的宗教語言地位。這時英語才成為英國的全民語言。因此英語中保留著大量的法語詞彙(如age,air,brush,cry,bourgeoisie)和拉丁語詞彙(angel,candle,moke,pope)。
在「文藝復興」時期(14世紀-16世紀),由於人們對古希臘、古羅馬文化表現出濃厚的研究興趣,英語又吸收了大量古代社會及當時歐洲大陸文化精華,詞彙大增。例如來自希臘語的geometry,astronomy,botany;法語的comrade,alloy,surpass;西班牙語的banana,cocoa,mosquito;義大利語的violin,piazza。
18世紀後,英國的工業革命興起,對殖民地的爭奪使英語隨著帝國的發展走向世界。因此,在與各地交往中吸收大量新詞彙。如來自非洲的zebra,chim-pazee;來自印度的cashmere,shampoo;來自漢語的tea,litchi;來自澳大利亞的kangaroo,boomerang;來自西印度群島的cannibal,canoe。由於英國殖民地的發展與向海外的大量移民,英語亦從其本土向國外傳播(例如BBC英語廣播電台)。
目前在英國以外,把英語作為第一語言(即母語,Native language)的國家有愛爾蘭(Ireland)、美國(America)、澳大利亞(Australia)、紐西蘭(New Zealand)、蓋亞那(Guyana)、巴哈馬(The Bahamas)、巴貝多(Barbados)、百慕大(Bermuda)、牙買加(Jamaica)、聖克里斯多福及尼維斯(Saint Christopher and Nevis)、特立尼達和多巴哥(Trinidad and Tobago),在加拿大(Canada)大部分人說英語;把英語作為官方語言的國家有奈及利亞、迦納、肯亞、烏干達、坦尚尼亞、尚比亞、辛巴威、南非、新加坡、印度、菲律賓等國;作為第二語言的有丹麥、芬蘭、瑞典、挪威、冰島等國。英語逐漸發展成為一種世界語言,在外交上的地位也取代了法語,成為今天世界政治、經濟、科技、文化交流最重要的語言。雖然以英語為母語的國家有前面列舉的好幾個,但我們還是推薦找外教以美國、加拿大、英國為主。
英語也存在著地域性差異。在英國本土,由於原來由日德蘭半島來到大不列顛島的盎格魯人、薩克遜人、朱特人分別定居於不同地點,這就使英語的發展在起始時期就出現地域差別。隨著工業與城市的發展,倫敦不僅成為全國最大的城市,而且也吸收了國內各方言區來的居民,各種方言相互融合,以倫敦地區作為全國文化中心的牛津和劍橋所用的語言便成為英國的標准語,再通過廣播和電視向全國及國外傳播,使國內語言及海外英語逐漸統一。
2.英語發展史:英語的擴散和發展
在英國本土以外,通過移民與政治等作用,英語的分布范圍逐漸擴大。同時,由於空間上與本土距離較遠以及接受地的客觀原因而出現英語的國外方言,主要有美國英語、澳大利亞英語、南非英語和印度英語等。其中,美國英語是英語在英國本土外使用最廣,也是最重要的英語方言。從總體上來講,目前美國英語在中國也最為流行。
17世紀時,英國移民開始在北美洲(現美國的東海岸)進行殖民活動。後來,移民人數增多,遂於沿海建立了13個殖民地。這13個殖民地經過獨立運動,後建立了美國,並成為美國最初的13州。它們脫離了與英國的從屬關系,所以當時移民所講的英語就成為美國的語言。
由於美國與英國中間有大西洋相隔,兩邊人員來往、語言交流受到影響,兩地的英語逐漸產生差異。美國英語方言主要分新英格蘭、大西洋沿岸中部和南方三種。新英格蘭方言區是以馬薩諸塞州為中心的美國東北地區。該地居民都是英格蘭人移民,三分之二來自東安利亞的清教徒,少數來自英格蘭北部,是比較純的英格蘭英語。大西洋沿岸中部方言區以賓夕法尼亞州為中心,早期該地是來自英格蘭北部的移民,後來則多為來自蘇格蘭、愛爾蘭的移民,除定居賓夕法尼亞州外,還波及新澤西州和特拉華州。後來進入的移民還有荷蘭人、德國人、瑞典人。
南方方言區以弗吉尼亞州為最早的核心區。移民來自英格蘭,其中約一半來自英格蘭的西南部。後來,隨著美國在越過阿巴拉契亞山脈向西發展過程中,三個方言區的進展各有不同。新英格蘭方言除圍繞大湖南岸外,還出現以西雅圖、舊金山和鹽湖城為中心的三個語言島。大西洋沿岸中部方言向西進入俄亥俄州等地,直達南、北國境線,成為美國最大方言區。
至於簡化,樓主可以自己試試!
⑧ 求一份英文版的簡單介紹某公司的發展史的文章,有中文翻譯最好,謝謝
At the beginning, our company had only one employee, the employee who worked very hard with me in the first year. we had four employees from the second year, our sale achievement from ten thousand dollars upto one hundred thousand dollars. Today is the third years, our employees are increading to twenty, and the sale achievement have been increasing to two hundred thousand dollars. The company extends larger and larger e to all cadres and employees are working hard. Meanwhile, not only the employees increase, but also the office desks and equipments more and more. Themost important thing is that we are going to move our small office into a two thousand square meters on the twelve floor of the "Empire Building" in the center of the city. Then to create another splendid business achievement!
在開始的時候,公司只有一個員工,在第一年裡這位員工作非常努力。第二年我們有四名員工,我們的銷售業績從一萬美元到十萬美元。今天是第三年,我們的員工增加到了20名,和銷售業績已增加到二十萬美元。本公司擴張越來越大,由於全體幹部員工努力工作。同時,不僅員工增加,而且越來越多的辦公桌和設備。最重要的是,我們將要把我們的小辦公室搬到市中心一個兩千多平方米十二樓的「帝國大廈」。然後去創造另外一個輝煌的業績!
⑨ 歷史發展的英文怎麼說
Historical development
英[]
hisˈtɔrikəl diˈveləpmənt
美[]
hɪˈstɔrɪkəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt
詞典釋義版權
Historical development
historical developments
History
development of history
⑩ 英語發展史(用英語介紹)
盧恩語(Futhark)→古英語(即盎格魯-撒克遜語)(Old English、-Saxon)→英國英語(English)
1.英語的發展要追溯到公元410年,羅馬人離開不列顛之後,日耳曼部族包括盎格魯、薩克遜開始湧入。
2.羅馬人走了,沒有留下他們使用的拉丁語。反倒是實用的盎格魯薩克遜語言進入到當地人的語言,帶去了新的詞彙。
3.公元597年,基督教傳入英國。基督教的流行,使當地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字,如「martyr(烈士)」, 「bishop」和 「font」。
4.公元800年,丹麥人入侵英國。維京語言給英語帶來了好戰意味明顯的詞彙,英語中共有2000個詞彙源於維京人。
5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列顛,帶來了來自海峽對岸的法語。法語成為了上層階級與官方事務用語。總的來講,英文大概從諾曼語中吸收了一萬多個單詞。
6.1337 年,英法百年戰爭開始。在這116年的爭斗中,英語吸收了法語中的戰爭詞彙,如「armies」, 「navies」 及 「soldiers「, 並逐步取代法語,成為當權者的語言。
7.100年之後誕生了莎士比亞。字典告訴我們,莎士比亞大概發明了2000多個新字,包括好用的詞彙還有很多當時的流行詞彙。
8.1611年出現了詹姆士王版聖經。新聖經使用了所有人都能理解的語言,使得聖經中的教訓不再是「王宮粉牆上」的文字,而是手中的小冊,並有傳教士在每間教堂宣傳。
9.17世紀,科學得到了迅速的發展。皇家學院的科學家們一開始用拉丁文溝通,後來發現其實用自己的母語英文會更簡潔。新事物的發現產生了許多新的詞彙。
10.在日不落帝國迅速擴張時期,英語從殖民地不同的語言中吸收了許多新的詞彙與表達。據統計,在1815年到1914年期間,新變種的英文得以在世界各地發展。
11.隨著英文向四面八方擴張,詞典編纂者也隨之出現,這些人想要解決拼字不統一的無政府狀態。於是約翰遜博士花了九年編成了一本英文字典,促成了拼寫的統一。
12.英語由古代從丹麥等斯堪的納維亞半島以及德國、荷蘭及周邊移民至不列顛群島的盎格魯、撒克遜以及朱特部落的白人所說的語言演變而來,並通過英國的殖民活動傳播到了世界各地。
13.在19至20世紀,英國以及美國在文化、經濟、軍事、政治和科學在世界上的領先地位使得英語成為一種國際語言。如今,許多國際場合都使用英語做為溝通媒介。
(10)介紹發展歷史用英語怎麼說擴展閱讀
古英語受低地日耳曼語影響很大,比如動詞,基本詞彙,發音,復合詞結構,形態變化很復雜,但是與現代的標准德語還是有很大的區別。
現代英語並非起源或演變自羅曼語族亦或是法語,但是數萬現代英語詞彙,很大一部分來自法語,約5萬英語詞彙與法語接近甚至是完全相同,現代英語和多數現代歐洲語言都改用字母拼寫。
現代英語所使用的拼寫字母,也是完全借用了26個字母。所謂「英語字母」,就是古羅馬人在書寫時所使用的拼寫字母。
英語開始以拉丁字母作為拼寫系統大約是在公元六世紀盎格魯撒克遜時代。
參考資料
英語-網路