英語四級中的常用語法
A. 英語四六級語法
四六級考試令許多大學生感到頭疼，所以我來總結一下四六級語法
Ⅵ.倒裝
1.感嘆句中的主謂不需要倒裝，僅將 what 或者 how 在句子中構成的賓語、表語或者狀語部分提到前面
2.當引導 從句的疑問詞和關聯詞位於從句的開頭時，句子中的主謂不需要倒裝
。
Ⅶ.虛擬
1.名詞性從句中要用過去時或 should+ 動詞原型構成虛擬語氣。
2.would rather ， had rather 後的從句動詞用相當於陳述語氣的過去時來表示現在或將來發生的動作。
3.在 it is important ／ suggested ／ necessary ／ proposed 等結構後的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣表示應該做什麼事情，即用動詞原形或 should+ 動詞原型，
4.片語 but for 相當於 were it not for 或 had it not been for, 表示一種含否定意義的條件，後面一般加名詞或名詞短語
5.在某些表示祝願的句子里需要用虛擬語氣
Ⅷ.介詞
Ⅸ.連詞
B. 英語四級常用句型
英語四級常用句型如下：
一、Adj + as + Subject(主詞)+ be， S + V~~~ (雖然……)
例句：Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by nomeans satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不} 雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道……) 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、Have a great influence on ~~~ (對……有很大的影響) 例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。
C. 英語四級的語法都有哪些
說實在的，英語四級、六級和高中英語的區別不在語法上，而在詞彙量和閱讀能力上，只要高中英語課上所學過的所有語法知識都會了，並且四級的單詞都會了，閱讀速度快，過四級很輕松，說不定還會得高分呢！
D. 大學英語四級語法指導詳解
大學英語四級語法指導詳解
大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的.主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
大學英語四級語法指導(5)
1.Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.
A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left
be supposed to do sth. 應該(理應)做某事。
2. He』s watching TV? He』s _D_ to be cleaning his room.
A known B considered C regarded D supposed
regard as 把…認作
3. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied
treat 對待，處理; I』ll treat you. 我請客，應用於真正請客之前。It』s on me. 應用於結帳時。
adjust vt. 調整，調節; adopt vt. 收養，領養; remedy vt. 彌補，補救，修正;
4. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A working out B having worked out
C having been worked out D to have been worded out
yields 產量; work out 作出，推出
關於百分數之前介詞的用法
increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to)
increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by)
5. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.
A by B for C to D in
1. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.
A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed
spoil vt. 寵壞，溺愛
2. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.
A take B hand C think D get
take over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔細考慮; get over 克服，戰勝。
3. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so let』s have _A_ one this month.
A another B more C the other D other
不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個用one;另一個則用the other; 2 很多東西中的一個用one;
剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多東西中的一個用one;剩下的所有裡面再拿一個叫another;
在剩下的裡面再拿一個還叫another(單數概念); 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some;
剩下所有叫others; other 後通常要加可數名詞的復數形式; more 要用在數詞的後面
once more 再來一個(用於很不正式的場合) vravo 再來一個(用於正式場合)
4. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.
A the other B any other C another D other
neither 兩者中任意一者都不
5. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression B reaction C comment D opinion
reaction n. 反應; reaction to 對…作出反應
;E. 大學英語四級常用的語法
有關大學英語四級常用的語法精選
大學英語四級常用語法精選(12)
Ⅴ 連詞
並列連詞
表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示選擇: or, either…or
表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
從屬連詞
表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他關系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定語從句
限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞片語不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定語從句的引導詞
that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that (作主語時用who較多). 如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介詞後只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子後面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定語從句如果修飾「物」, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which.. 當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的'，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
2016大學英語四級聽力10大常考場景總結（4）
場景四：購物
1.采購衣服
必備詞彙表
size 型號 come in all sizes 號全
2.采購電器
必備詞彙表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 減少
;F. 四級英語常用句型
四級英語常用句型如下：
1、may as well not…as結構，此結構可譯為與其……不如不……。
2、have only to …do結構，此結構表示只須（消）……就能……的意思。
3、as it were，是一個非常常用的插入語，意思是好像，可以說等。
4、not…any more than…，此結構可譯為：不能……，正世握如不能……。
5、not…any more than…，此結構可譯為：不能……，正如不能……。
11、It is sometimes asked that，可譯為：人們有時會問。
12、It is expected that/hoped that，可譯為：人們希望。
13、When it comes to，可譯為：鄭慧要說到，要談及。
G. 大學英語四級常用語法
大學英語四級常用語法匯總
現在分詞短語有時可用作時間狀語, 相當於when引起的從句:
Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.
如果兩個動作是完全同時發生的, 多用when 或while加分詞這種結構.
Be careful when crossing the street.
When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.
She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.
前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結構: 一個動名詞前面可以加一個物主代詞(或名詞的.所有格結構), 來表示這 個動名詞邏輯上的主語.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.
Do you mind my reading your paper?
They insisted on my staying there for supper.
如果不是在句子開頭, 這個結構常常可以用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.
I don't mind him going.
She hates people losing their temper.
只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞:
suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, enre, escape, miss
既可用動名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語的動詞: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can』t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can』t afford等.
有時兩種結構之間意義差別不大, 有時卻有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等詞後差別是比較明顯的.
I remember seeing her once somewhere.
I must remember to take my notebooks with me.
I regret not having accepted your advice.
I regret to say I haven't given you enough help.
She doesn't want (need) to come.
The house wants (needs) cleaning.
We must try to get everything done in time.
Let's try doing the work some other way.
懸垂修飾: 分詞作狀語時, 表示的必須是主語的一個動作或狀態.
Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的動作, 正確)
Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (錯誤)
Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正確)
Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (錯誤)
;