英語四級語法搭配音頻
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『貳』 2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解
【 #四六級考試# 導語】夢想在前方，努力在路上。對於考生來說，拿到證書就是我們嚮往的遠方。以下是「2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解」，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關訊息請關注 ！【篇一】2021年上半年英語四級語法用法返緩塵詳解
1. come 和 go 是一對反義詞，come(來)所表示的方向是朝向說話者的位置，而go(去)所表示的方向是離開說話者的位置。如：come here(來這兒)，come to school(來上學)，go there(去那兒)，go to school(去上學)。
2. 兩者之後均可用 and 來代替一個表目的的不定式。如：
Come and have a drink. 來喝一杯。
He went and bought some envelopes. 他去買了些信封。
3. come 之後可接不定式，表示經過某一過程而發生某一情況，常譯為「開始」「漸漸地」「終於」，但是動詞go不能這樣用。如：
How did you come to know her? 你是怎麼認識她的?
You'll come to understand your parents someday. 你總有一天會理解你的父母。
4. come 和 go 之後均可接現在分詞，但有區別：
(1) come+現在分詞，主要用來說明「來」的方式。如：
He came running to welcome us. 他跑過來歡迎我們。
The children came running to meet us. 孩子們跑著來迎接我們。
A large stone came flying through the window. 從窗外扔進來一塊大石頭。
另外，該結構還可用來談論體育和娛樂活動，與go doing sth用法相似，只是「方向」不同。如：
Would you like to come sailing? 你願意來坐船游覽嗎?
Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我們一起游泳吧。
Why don't you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚來和我們一起溜冰好嗎?
(2) go+現在分詞，漏禪表示「去做……」，這類片語大多與體育、娛樂、日常生活等有關。如：
We often go swimming together. 我們常一道去游泳。
Let's go boating this afternoon. 今天下午我們去劃船吧。
He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午飯而後去買東西。
另外，該結構有時還可表示警告，用於建議做某事不好的事，此時多用於否定句。如：
Don't go saying that! 不要這樣講話!
Don't go looking for trouble, Maria. 不要去找哪拿麻煩了，瑪麗亞。
You shouldn't go boasting about your achievements. 你不應當誇耀你的成就。
5. come 和 go 都可用作連系動詞，表示事物狀態的變化。如：
The handle has come loose. 這個把柄鬆了。
The children must not go hungry. 孩子們不應挨餓。
兩者之後所接形容詞通常各有其特點，有時還可從好壞方面去區別：即 come 用於「好」的變化，go 用於「壞」的變化。如：
Her dream has come true. 她的夢想實現了。
Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大熱天魚很容易壞。
另外，表示人的生理變化通常用 go，如go blind(變瞎)，go deaf(變聾)，go grey(兩鬢漸白)等，但是go通常不與 old, ill, tired 等連用。
6. come 有時可以表示參加到對方的活動之中去(即使這種運動方向本身要求用 go)。如：
A：Will you come to see me tonight? 今晚來看我好嗎?
B：Yes, I'll come. 好，我來。
A：Please come at once. Dinner is ready. 晚餐准備好了，請快來。
B：OK, I'm coming. 好，我就來。(若用 Oh, I'm going. 對方可能會理解為「噢，我要出去」。)
一般說來，在這種情況有以下3點需注意：
(1) 表示到聽話人(包括收信人)那兒去，通常用 come。如：
I'll come to see you one of these days. 過幾天我來看你。
(2) 邀請對方一起去某地，可用 come 或 go。一般說來，用 come含有一種自己決定要去的意味，而用 go 則含有一種請求和商量的意味。如：
Would you like to come [go] with us? 你和我們一起去好嗎?
(3) 表示「我同你一起去」這樣的意義時，可用 come 或 go。如：
I will come [go] with you. 我和你一起去。
【篇二】2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解
1. Raise和rise都有「上升」的意思，記住下面2句話：
Raise是及物動詞，後面必須有賓語，就是「某人把某物舉起來」。
Rise是不及物動詞，後面不能加賓語，也就是說「某人、某物自己升起來」。
比如：
He raised his right hand. 他舉起了右手。(是他把手舉起來的，所以用raise)
I raised the box above my head. 我把盒子舉過了頭頂。(盒子是我舉起的，所以用raise)
The waves rose and fell. 波浪起起伏伏。(波浪是自己動的，所以用rise)
Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了煙。(煙也是自己飄的，所以用rise)
2. Raise和rise都有「增長」的意思，同樣地：
Raise是及物動詞，後面必須有賓語。
Rise是不及物動詞，後面不能加賓語。
比如：
We will have to raise our fees. 我們需要提高費用。(raise後面一定要有賓語)
Prices are rising rapidly. 價格快速上漲。(rise後面一定不能有賓語)
3. 在英式英語里，raise只能作動詞、不能做名詞，rise既可以作動詞、也可以作名詞
比如：He asked for a pay rise.
在美語里，raise則可以作名詞，表示「加薪」。
比如：She offered me a raise.
明白了嗎?填空——>
We ___ our heads to watch the sun ___ over the bridge.
你覺得是A. raise / rise 還是B. rise / raise 呢?
We raised our heads to watch the sun rise over the bridge. 我們抬起頭，望著太陽從橋上升起。(我們的頭當然要我們抬起來，所以用raise;太陽是自己升升落落的，所以用rise。)
【篇三】2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解
(1)prepare sb. for / to do sth.使某人對……作好准備
The teacher are preparing the students for the final examination.老師們正讓學生准備期末考試。
The mother prepared her son to go to preschool.媽媽讓兒子准備好去學前班。
(2)prepare sb. sth.為某人准備……
The host and hostress prepared us a delicious meal.主人為我們准備好美味佳餚。
(3)prepare sth. for + n. / v.-ing.(動名詞)准備……，為……做准備
The peasants are preparing the ground for planting.農民們正在為栽種准備耕地。
(4)sb. prepare for sth. / to do sth.某人准備做……
The students are busy preparing for the college entrance examination.學生們正忙著准備考大學。
(5)be prepared for…為……准備，對……作好了准備，表示結果
The students are well prepared for the sports meeting.學生們為運動會做了充分准備。Prepare的用法及搭配詳解
They were not prepared for the attack at all.他們根本沒有預料到這次襲擊。
(6)be prepared to do sth.准備好……，願意
Always be prepared to answer questions in class.課堂上要時刻准備回答問題。
(7)be prepared against防備
We are prepared against natural disasters.我們作好預防自然災害的准備。
『叄』 2020年12月英語四級聽力音頻（附真題）
12月大學英語四六級考試已經落下帷幕！
快來聽聽今天四級考試聽力部分音頻吧！註：本文只有一套聽力題目和答案。
2020年12月四級聽力音頻
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四級聽力真題：
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear threenews reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you heara question. you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through she centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.
1.A) A deadly fish has been spotted in theMediterranean waters.
B) Invasive species are driving away certainnative species.
C) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat ofDevil Firefish.
D) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
2.A) It could add to greenhouse emissions.
B) It could disrupt the food chains there.
C) It could pose a threat to other marine species.
D) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.
3.A) cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
B) About half of its city center will be closedto cars.
C) Buses will be the only vehicles allowed onits streets.
D)Pedestrians will have free access to the city.
4.A) The rising air pollution in Paris.
B) The worsening global warming.
C The ever-growing cost of petrol.
D) The unbearable traffic noise.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.
5.A) Many of his possessions were stolen.
B) His house was burnt down in a fire.
C) His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.
D) His good luck charm sank into the sea.
6.A) Change his fishing locations.
B) Find a job in a travel agency.
C) Spend a few nights on a small island
D) Sell the pearl he had kept for years
7.A) A New Year museum
B) The largest pearl in the world weighs
C) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
D) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you will heartwo long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear fourquestions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversationyou have just heard.
8.A) It boasts a fairly long history.
B) It proces construction materials.
C) It has 75 offices around the world.
D)It has over 50 business partners.
9.A) It has about 50 employees.
B) It was started by his father.
C) It has a family business.
D) It is over 100 years old.
10.A) Shortage of raw material supply.
B) Legal disputes in many countries.
C) Outdated proct design.
D) Loss of competitive edge.
11.A) Concting a financial analysis forit.
B) Providing training for its staff members.
C) Seeking new ways to increase is exports.
D) Introcing innovative marketingstrategies.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversationyou have just heard.
12.A) She is a real expert at house decorations.
B) She is well informed about the designbusiness.
C) She is attracted by the color of thesitting room.
D) She is really impressed by the man』shouse.
13.A) From his younger brother Greg.
B) From home design magazines.
C) From a construction businessman.
D) From a professional interior designer.
14.A) The effort was worthwhile.
B) The style was fashionable.
C) The cost was affordable.
D) The eft was unexpected.
15.A) She』d like him to talk with Jonathan abouta new project.
B) She wants him to share his renovation experiencewith her
C) She wants to discuss the house decorationbudget with him.
D)She』d like to show him around her newly-renovatedhouse.
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Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear threepassages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from your choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single linethrough the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
16.A) Providing routine care for small children.
B) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.
C) Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.
D) Removing objects from patients』 noses andears.
17.A) Many children like to smell thingsthey find or play with.
B) Many children like to put foreignobjects in their mouths.
C) Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likelyto put things in their ears.
D) Children aged one to four are often morecurious than older children.
18.A) They tend to act out of impulse.
B) They want to attract attentions.
C) They are unaware of the potential risks.
D) They are curious about these body parts.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
19.A) It paid for her English lessons.
B) It gave her a used bicycle.
C) It delivered her daily necessities.
D) It provided her with physical therapy.
20.A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.
B) Asking local people for donations.
C) Providing free public transport.
D) Offering walking tours to visitors.
21.A) It is a language school.
B) It is a charity organization.
C) It is a counseling center.
D) It is a sports club.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
22.A) How mice imitate human behavior aspace.
B) How low gravity affects the human body.
C) How mice interact in a new environment.
D) How animals deal with lack of gravity.
23.A) They were not use to the low-gravityenvironment.
B) They found it difficult to figure outwhere they were.
C) They found the space in the cage toosmall to stay in.
D) They were not sensitive to the changedenvironment.
24.A) They tried everything possible toescape from the cage.
B) They continued to behave as they did inthe beginning.
C) They already felt at home in the newenvironment.
D) They had found a lot more activities toengage in.
25.A) They repeated their activities everyday.
B) They behaved as if they were on Earth.
C) They begin to eat less after some time.
D) They changed their routines in space.
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四級聽力答案：
1. A. A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
2. C. It could pose a threat to other marine species.
3. B. About half of its city center will be closed to cars.
4. A. The rising air pollution in Paris.
5. B. His house was burnt down in a fire.
6. D. Sell the pearl he had kept for years.
7. C. His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
8. A. It boasts a fairly long history.
9. C. It is a family business.
10. D. Loss the competitive edge.
11. A. Concting a financial analysis for it.
12. D. She is really impressed by the man』s house.
13. B. From home design magazines.
14. C. The cost was affordable.
15. B. She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.
16. D. Removing objects from patients』 noses and ears.
17. C. Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.
18. D. They are curious about these body parts.
19. B. It gave her a used bicycle.
20. A. Expanding bike-riding lessons.
21. B. It is a charity organization.
22. D. How animals deal with lack of gravity.
23. A. They were not used to the low-gravity environment.
24. C. They already felt at home in the new environment.
25. B. They behaved as if they were on Earth.
祝大家順利通過考試~
相關熱點：
四級答案
英語四級聽力
職稱英語成績查詢
『肆』 大學英語四級常用的語法
有關大學英語四級常用的語法精選
大學英語四級常用語法精選(12)
Ⅴ 連詞
並列連詞
表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示選擇: or, either…or
表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
從屬連詞
表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他關系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定語從句
限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞片語不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定語從句的引導詞
that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that (作主語時用who較多). 如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介詞後只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子後面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定語從句如果修飾「物」, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which.. 當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的'，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
2016大學英語四級聽力10大常考場景總結（4）
場景四：購物
1.采購衣服
必備詞彙表
size 型號 come in all sizes 號全
2.采購電器
必備詞彙表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 減少
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