塑料袋作文英语怎么说
塑料袋的历史
一个摄影师在暗房里的实验导致了最初的塑料的产生。亚历山大·帕克斯有许多爱好，摄影是其中之一。19世纪时，人们还不能够像今天这样购买现成的照相胶片和化学药品，必须经常自己制作需要的东西。所以每个摄影师同时也必须是一个化学家。
摄影中使用的材料之一是“胶棉”，它是一种“硝棉”溶液，亦即在酒精和醚中的硝酸盐纤维素溶液。当时它被用于把光敏的化学药品粘在玻璃上，来制作类似于今天照相胶片的同等物。
在19世纪50年代，帕克斯查看了处理胶棉的不同方法。一天，他试着把胶棉与樟脑混合。使他惊奇的是，混合后产生了一种可弯曲的硬材料。帕克斯称该物质为“帕克辛”，那便是最早的塑料。
帕克斯用“帕克辛”制作出了各类物品：梳子、笔、纽扣和珠宝印饰品。然而，帕克斯不大有商业意识，并且还在自己的商业冒险上赔了钱。20世纪时，人们开始挖掘塑料的新用途。几乎家庭里的所有用品都可以由某种塑料制造出来。
继续发展帕克斯的成果并从中获利就留给其他发明家去做了。约翰·韦斯利·海亚特这个来自纽约的印刷工在1868年看到了这个机会，当时一家制造台球的公司抱怨象牙短缺。海亚特改进了制造工序，并且给了“帕克辛”一个新名称—“赛璐珞”（假象牙—译注）。他从台球制造商那里得到了一个现成的市场，并且不久后就用塑料制作出各种各样的产品。
早期的塑料容易着火，这就限制了用它制造产品的范围。第一个能成功地耐高温的塑料是“贝克莱特”（即酚酣塑料—译注）。利奥 ·贝克兰德在1909年获得了该项专利。
1909年，美国的贝克兰首次合成了酚醛塑料。20世纪30年代，尼龙又问世了，被称为是“由煤炭、空气和水合成，比蜘蛛丝细，比钢铁坚硬，优于丝绸的纤维”。它们的出现为此后各种塑料的发明和生产奠定了基础。由于第二次世界大战中石油化学工业的发展，塑料的原料以石油取代了煤炭，塑料制造业也得到飞速的发展。
塑料是一种很轻的物质，用很低的温度加热就能使它变软，随心所欲地做成各种形状的东西。塑料制品色彩鲜艳，重量轻，不怕摔，经济耐用，它的问世不仅给人们的生活带来了诸多方便，也极大地推动了工业的发展。
然而，塑料的发明还不到100年，如果说当时人们为它们的诞生欣喜若狂，现在却不得不为处理这些充斥在生活中，给人类生存环境带来极大威胁的东西而煞费苦心了。
塑料是从石油或煤炭中提取的化学石油产品，一旦生产出来很难自然降解。塑料理在地下200年也不会腐烂降解，大量的塑料废弃物填埋在地下，会破坏土壤的通透性，使土壤板结，影响植物的生长。如果家畜误食了混入饲料或残留在野外的塑料，也会造成因消化道梗阻而死亡。
目前，中国塑料年产量为3O0万吨，消费量在600万吨以上。全世界塑料年产量为1亿吨，如果按每年15％的塑料废弃量计算，全世界年塑料废弃量就是1500万吨，中国的年塑料废弃量在100万吨以上，废弃塑料在垃圾中的比例占到40％，这样大量的废弃塑料作为垃圾被埋在地下，无疑给本来就缺乏的可耕种土地带来更大的压力。
塑料在给人们的生活带来方便的同时，也给环境带来了难以收拾的后患，人们把塑料给环境带来的灾难称为“白色污染”。
目前，很多国家都采取焚烧（热能源再生）或再加工制造（制品再生）的办法处理废弃塑料。这两种办法使废弃塑料得到再生利用，达到了节约资源的目的。但由于废弃塑料在焚烧或再加工时会产生对人体有害的气体，污染环境，所以可以说废弃塑料的处理至今仍是环保工作中令人头疼的一大难题。
The plastic bag history
A cameraman creation having led to initial plastic in experiment inside the dark room. That Alexander · Pakesi has a lot of hobby , film is one of which. People is not able to buy the ready-made photographic film and chemicals like this like today , self makes be obliged to often the thing needing when 19 centuries. Therefore every cameraman is simultaneous also must be a chemist. One of the material being put into use in film is "a collodion " , it is one kind of "saltpetre cotton " solution , the viz. is in nitrate cellulose solution in alcohol and ether. It was used photosensitive chemicals to be glued on glass at that time , was done equal photographic film today similar to making thing. In 19 centuries fifties,Pakesi has checked the method handling the collodion diversity. A day , he are trying blending the collodion and the camphor. Use his amazed being , blend have proced a kind of but curved hard queen material. Pakesi says that matter is "Pakexin" , that is the earliest plastic. Pakesi uses "Pakexin" to make having made the article of all kinds: The comb , pen , button and jewelry seal adorn a proct. Pakesi has not been of great commerce mental consciousness but, has stood a loss of money and on the venture as early as self. When 20 centuries, people starts the use excavating the new of plastic. By some, kind of plastic makes almost all articles for use inside the family all can out. Continue developing Pakesi's achievement and earn profit out of right away leave for the inventor goes to have composed other. John · Wesley · Haiyate comes from the New York pressman so having seen this chance on 1868 , the company who one made a table tennis at that time complains about elephant's tusk shortage. Haiyate has improved fabrication working procere , has given "Pakexin" (give exegesis or explanation in case that the elephant's tusk translates) a new name "celluloid" moreover. He has got a ready-made marketplace from table tennis manufacturer there, and has used plastic to make not too long after that right away making the all kinds of proct. Model T plastic is easy to be on fire, have been restricting the range using it to make a proct right now. The first being able to be able to bear the high temperature plastic successfully is that "Beikelaite" (is that phenol is to self's heart's content plastic translates notes). Leo · Beikelande has gained that patent on 1909.
In 1909, American Beikelan has composed phenol aldehyde plastic first. 1930's , the nylon have come out, "fibre silk better than being be composed of coal , air and water , thin , harder than iron and steel than cobweb" is called. The various plastic of queen invention sum proces their turn up for this purpose having establish a basis. The plastic raw material has substituted coal with petroleum , manufacturing instry has also got plastic since Second World War is hit by development of petrochemical instry, at full speed development. Plastic is one kind of very light matter , is therefore likely to make it deliquesce with very low temperature warmup, make up into various form thing arbitrarily. The plastic proct color is bright-coloured , weight is not afraid to fall gently, economy is rable, not only its coming out having brought about a lot of development of the instry having gone to the lavatory , driving also tremendously for people's life. The plastic invention is less than but, 100 years , has no alternative handle these being full of the thing bringing extremely large threat to extremely large threat human being living environment in life, but have bestowed great care to but now if people was that their coming into being is jubilantly happy at that time. Plastic is from the chemistry petroleum procts drawing in petroleum or coal, once procing from very difficult natural degradation coming out. The plastic reason also is not good in depraved degradation in ground for 200 years , waste fills large amount of plastic bury Tongtou that can destroy soil nature, makes soil hardened in ground,growth affecting plant's. If the cattle has eaten the plastic sneaking into feed or being left over in the open country by accident, also be able to bring about dying because of digestive tract obstruction.
At present, Chinese plastic annual output is 3 ten thousand tons of O0, amount of consumption above 6 million tons. The whole world plastic annual output is 100 million tons , secretly scheme against if 15%'s plastic abandons amounts according to every year, annual plastic of the whole world abandons amounts being 15 million tons , Chinese year plastic abandons amounts above 1 million tons , proportion in abandoning plastic in the rubbish accounts for to 40%, such great quantity's abandon plastic being buried as the rubbish in ground , bring bigger pressure to bigger pressure the land originally right away, being short of but plowing beyond doubt. Plastic brings about convenient at the same time in the life giving people , has also brought about the future trouble being difficult to punish for environment, people calls the disaster that plastic brings about to the environment "white pollution ". At present, many countries all adopts (the regeneration burning hot sources of energy) or the way processing fabrication (procts regenerates's) again handles to abandon plastic. This two kinds way are made abandon plastic being regenerated make use of, have reached the purpose saving resource. Because abandoning plastic may proce the gas , the environment contaminating bad for the human body when burning or processing again , being able to say the treatment abandoning plastic is environmental protection so far still but in working make peopel one big difficult problems of headache.
㈡ 翻译关于塑料袋的英语作文
Some countries have drafted various measures to limit the use of plastic shopping bags. Our country has also just issued a policy i.e. "from June 1, 2008, System of paid use of plastic shopping bags which declared providing free plastic shopping bags is not allowed should be implemented in all supermarkets, shopping malls, markets and other retail establishments.
㈢ 关于一次性塑料袋的使用英语作文
一次性塑料袋的问题(The Problems of Plastic Bags)【参考范文】 Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are applied in big supermarkets, ordinary shops, small stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They no longer need to carry cloth bags, leather bags or basket bags with them when go shopping. Obviously it is very convenient for plastic bags to be used in people’s everyday life. They are also very cheap. They are usually offered free of charge. However, plastic bags also bring us side effects. Some people throw away plastic bags causally. This causes the white pollution to our environment , which is very harmful because plastic bags can not disappear by natural decomposition. This is certainly not beneficial to our future. People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the sued plastic bags into the stbin when they want to dispose of them. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods they buy instead of using plastic bags.
㈣ 用英语介绍塑料袋 80字左右 急！！！！！！
Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are applied in big supermarkets, ordinary shops, small stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They no longer need to carry cloth bags, leather bags or basket bags with them when go shopping. Obviously it is very convenient for plastic bags to be used in people’ everyday life. They are also very cheap. They are usually offered free of charge.
However, plastic bags also bring us side effects. Some people throw away plastic bags causally. This causes the white pollution to our environment , which is very harmful because plastic bags can not disappear by natural decomposition. This is certainly not beneficial to our future.
People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the sued plastic bags into the stbin when they want to dispose of them. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods they buy instead of using plastic bags.
㈤ 关于塑料袋的英语作文80字带翻译
一些国家为此制定了种种措施限制塑料购物袋的使用。我们国家也刚刚内出台了一项政策，即“从容2008年6月1日起，在所以超市、商场、集贸市场等商品零售场所实行塑料购物袋有偿使用制度，一律不得免费提供塑料购物袋。”Some countries have drafted various measures to limit the use of plastic shopping bags. Our country has also just issued a policy i.e. "from June 1, 2008, System of paid use of plastic shopping bags which declared providing free plastic shopping bags is not allowed should be implemented in all supermarkets, shopping malls, markets and other retail establishments.
㈥ 有关对使用塑料袋的建议的英语作文，加翻译的。急！
Plastic bag, as a main source of pollution, is now widely used in the shopping mall, and can be seen mped everywhere.
塑料袋，主要的污染源，在商场广泛的使用，到处丢的都是。
Plastic bag hardly decomposes, therefore, it may pollute the environment, and even kills animals.
塑料袋难降解，因此，会污染环境，甚至害死动物。
White pollution may jeopardize the image of China, so the chinese government should ban the use of plastic bags by means of legislation, and instead, encourage the use of degradable sacks.
白色污染会危害中国的形象，所以中国政府应该立法禁止用这种塑料袋，鼓励使用可降解袋子。
㈦ 英语作文《塑料袋的危害》非常感谢
Plastic bag is the loading of the national with most items, plastic bags is good, but the damage but he is also nots allow to despise.
You should know that plastic bag is made of the chemical elements, so it is not easy to dissolve. I checked the information, the plastic bag buried underground, to dissolve after hundreds of years to complete. Now people use is burning plastic bags, but because of the burning plastic bags can proce poisonous gas, can make a small portion of the land cannot grow, so are burned in the place where no one lives. In the smoke from the burning plastic bags to proce will proce carcinogenic substances, to the detriment of the human body, therefore, when burned, people would wear the mask to avoid inhaling substances.
Plastic bags very difficult to deal with not only, still have very ?
塑料袋是国民用得最多的装物品的东西，塑料袋虽好，可是他造成的危害也是不容轻视的。
大家应该都知道，塑料袋是用化学元素制作而成的，所以它不容易溶解。我查了一下资料，把塑料袋埋在地下，要经过几百年才能完成溶解。现在人们用的是焚烧塑料袋的办法，但是因为焚烧塑料袋会产生有毒气体，会使一小部分土地不能种植，所以都选在没有人住的地方焚烧。焚烧塑料袋产生的浓烟里会产生致癌物质，对人的身体极为不利，因此在焚烧时，人们都会戴上口罩，以免吸入物质。
塑料袋不仅极难处理，还有很大的污染。一只塑料袋如果不及时处理，就这样扔在地上，那将造成很大的污染。塑料袋首先被风吹到了天空中，再添上飘来飘去，这样会影响城市的形象，在被吹到花丛中，那就像一个很帅的男生脸上长了痘痘，有了瑕疵，接着又被吹到了臭水沟里，原来这条水沟已经被许许多多的塑料袋污染了，然后就被老了起来，放到了焚烧厂那里，最后被烧掉了。塑料带给人们带来了这么多的麻烦，现在却不用再担心了。
从今年的五月一日开始，就开始用一种能反复清洗，溶解很快，很环保的袋子，它将代替塑料袋的时代，减轻污染，所以这种袋子很好，我很赞成用这种袋子。
㈧ 关于塑料袋的英文文章
Plastic and the Food Chain
Plastic Accumulates in Rivers, Oceans, Fish, and Us
作者：Sara E. Lewis
Sep 10, 2007
Plastic is man-made -- not easily broken down or reabsorbed by the environment. Clean-ups, consumer awareness, and alternative materials are needed.
News about plastic compounds in pet foods and toothpaste from China caught headlines in 2007. Afterwards, the USDA and FDA reported that they are investigating and testing a variety of imported food additives. Officials assured the public that, “The inspections are a precautionary measure to ensure the safety of procts entering at U.S. ports of entry. There is no evidence to suggest procts bound for the human food supply are contaminated.”
But the truth is that recent worries about plastics are the tip of the iceberg. Researchers have been concerned for some time about chemical compounds that make up plastic materials getting into the food supply. Plastic is the word we use to describe the many types of man-made or synthetic materials that become toys, containers, and more.
History of Plastic
Since the 1960s, plastics have become omnipresent. Many useful procts that save time, rece accidental injury, and improve quality of life are made from plastic. At the same time, there is no known organism that breaks down plastic in the environment, so every bit of plastic that has ever been made is very likely to be still with us. Estimates of how long it will take plastics to be reabsorbed by the environment range from 400 years to a much longer unit of geologic time.
History of Concern about Plastic in the Environment
By the 1980s, people worldwide began to notice the mess of plastic that was washing up on beaches and the harm it was doing to birds and animals that became tangled in fishing line and 6-pack rings. Initiatives like the Chesapeake Bay Foundation’s Clean the Bay Day program were organized to clean up debris on the beaches. While many participants saw such events as tidying up exercises, organizers have understood that they are also important initiatives aimed at keeping some plastic out of the food chain. According to the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, “shoreline litter is not just a public eyesore, it is harmful to wildlife, a source of toxic water pollution, and symptomatic of other, less visible forms of pollution entering local waterways.”
In England, University of Plymouth marine biologist Richard Thompson has combed the beaches since the 1980s and discovered dead birds with so many small pieces of plastic in their stomachs, probably scooped up mistakenely for food, that they likely died from starvation or blockage of the intestines.
Ten years ago, Captain Charles Moore of the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, on a trip across the Pacific Ocean after a sailing race, saw a patch of floating plastic debris in the North Pacific Gyre. This area of slow swirling current is said to be the size of the state of Texas. There are several such gyres where plastic floats around and around and is swept in and out by currents and tides. All the while, the mixed debris of such things as plastic bags, bottles, buckets, and toys is eroding into smaller and smaller pieces.
Both scientists and others have trawled to collect water samples and sort the debris to determine how many of the small particles in oceans and rivers are plastic. One-third and more of the samples contain tiny plastic pieces of the sort that birds and fish often see as their food. These researchers have found tiny particles of plastic embedded in the tissue of dead animals.
Plastics, Eating Fish, and Your Health
Captain Moore said, “The base of the food chain is being displaced by a non-digestible, non-nutritive component which is actually outweighing and outnumbering the natural food. That is our core issue.”
As the persistence of plastics in the environment becomes better understood, consumers are questioning the safety of eating fish. The Mayo Clinic answers that, “As good as fish are for your health, be aware of potential downsides. Some types of fish may contain significant amounts of contaminants, such as mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins or other chemical pollutants. Fish acquire these toxins from pollutants in lakes, rivers and oceans.”
More research is needed to determine the ultimate consequence to humans of the accumulation of plastic that can concentrate toxic chemicals. But Neil Seldman of the Institute for Local Self Reliance has said that plastic is a bigger danger than global warming because it is killing the lowest common denominator in the food chain. The problem can only be eased when greater public awareness results in less use of plastic. Manufacturers who acknowledge the problem are looking into ways to create degradable plastics.
What You Can Do to Rece Plastic in the Environment
In the meantime, the most effective way to limit the amount of plastic entering the food chain is beach cleaning. Also, consumers can look for alternative materials and avoid excessive use of single-use plastic bottles, containers, and packaging. Finally, by recycling, we can extend the useful life of plastic procts.
((Permission to republish Plastic and the Food Chain in print or online must be granted by the author in writing. ))
㈨ 塑料袋英语作文
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