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英语作文怎么用非谓语动词

发布时间: 2022-01-05 09:21:38

⑴ 英语非谓语动词的用法

英语非谓语动词包含动词不定式,现在分词、动名词、过去分词。它们在句中可以充当除谓语之外的成分,如:主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

⑵ 英语写作中什么时候用非谓语动词开头,举例说说

非谓语动词有四种形式, to do , doing ,do, done.
to do 放开头,两种情况:一种是to do 做主语。To study hard is the ty of a students.
一种是做状语,表目的To study hard, he stays up very late.
doing 放开头,也是两种:做主语。Eating healthy food is good for us.
做状语,表伴随状况。Singing and dancing, all the children had a good time.
do 放开头, 一般是祈使句,不过不能算是非谓语形式了。是谓语动词的原形。
done放开头,一般都是状语。Hurt badly, the dog ran away sadly.

高中英语作文写作辅导之非谓语动词怎么用语法

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要有三种形式:
①不定式to do
②动名词(现在分词)doing
③过去分词done
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。

非谓语动词的功能:
①作主语。
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后。

②作表语。
Her job is to clean the hall.
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
The window is broken.

③作宾语。
如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。

④作宾语补足语。
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语。
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。

⑤作定语
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

⑥作状语。
不定式作状语可以表目的,表结果,表原因,表程度。
现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语(表伴随)、结果状语、目的状语。
过去分词作状语表原因、时间、条件、让步

⑷ 高中英语作文中什么情况下可以运用上非谓语动词来表达呢请高手指点

从句中表时间、动作伴随的情况下,都可以用非谓语动词的!下面给你相关知识,希望有帮到你!要提高运用复杂句的能力,考生必须要攻克三个易错点:一是主句与从句之间主谓结构混乱,造成主句缺谓语;二是没有掌握关联词的用法,错用、多用、漏用关联词;三是该使用简单句的地方人为地复杂化,如可以用分词或介词短语来表达的,却偏要用从句。 此外,简单句用得太多,会造成文章读起来乏味。在评卷员看来,同样意思的内容,能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达,当然会认为其运用语言的能力要比只会用简单句来表达要强,评分自然就高。1.巧用非谓语动词。运用非谓语动词,可以使文句看起来更简洁,使语言更加丰富多彩,重点更加突出,增加文采。如:I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. (2004年广东卷)2.巧用with复合结构。“with+名词/ 代词+现在分词/ 过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词”结构,常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性和情感性,使文章读起来更简洁明了。试以下两个句子:I couldn’t go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me. (普通)I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. (高级)2004年广东卷3.巧用复合句。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性,鼓励考生尽量使用教复杂的结构,并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果恰当运用各类从句,就会使文章出彩。如2006年广东卷:What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. (定语从句)4.巧用倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动,加强语气,使评卷老师感受作者的强烈情感。如以下几个句子:(倒装句)Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.(感叹句)I thought, “How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.” 5.巧用排山倒海句式。如能运用一个个排比句、对偶句、不定式或短语,可令文章增色不少,给评卷员眼前一亮的感觉。如:The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.

⑸ 如何在英语作文中用非谓语动词如题,希望能举几个例子

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式.非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分.
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动,“体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化.例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition,we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member,the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语.
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语.
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.
(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.
详细到参考资料的网址看,其实很多语法都可在网络里找到.

⑹ 在英语中非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car ring the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

(2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。

(3)如果主语是以aim, ty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。

注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.

(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.

这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝
decide决定 learn学习 vow起
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议
seek找,寻觅 try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使
allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿
announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使
bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求
assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定,表示
advise劝告 exhort告诫,勉励 pray请求
authorize授权,委托 help帮助 recommend劝告,推荐
bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒
beg请求 ince引诱 report报告
compel强迫 invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤
command命令 intend想要,企图 show 显示
drive驱赶 mean意欲,打算 train训练
cause引起 instruct指示 require要求
deserve应受 leave使,让 tell告诉
direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱
entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫
enable使能够 need需要 urge激励,力说
encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要
condemn指责,谴责 lead引起,使得 teach教
entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

acknowledge承认,自认 cease 停止 mention说到,讲到
admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢,讨厌
advocate:提倡,主张 complete完成 dread可怕
appreciate 感激,欣赏 confess坦白 enre忍受
avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有,喜爱
bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can't help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑,逃避
can't stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口
consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想,爱好
favor 造成,偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟
figure描绘,计算 miss错过 resent怨恨
finish完成,结束不得 pardon原谅,饶恕 resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复
imagine设想 postpone延迟,延期 risk冒险
involve卷入,包含 practise 实行,实践 suggest建议
hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救,储蓄
keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持,忍受
loathe非常讨厌,厌恶 recall回想
例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建议(做某事)
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:
I should like to see him tomorrow.
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。

4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿

5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。

He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。

3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come

(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?

5.不定式和分词作状语的区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。

2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。

(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)

(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, proce 等。
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。

6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.

(3)不带to的不定式
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.

2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如:
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(注):
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:
He was seen to come.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。

3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如:
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。

(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如:
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如:
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。

7.非谓语动词中的有关句型
(1)动名词作主语的句型

1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。

⑺ 关于英语中非谓语动词的用法

不能,singing和dancing是动名词形式,表示伴随状态
to sing/dance是不定式,表示目的或将要去做某事
to表示将要发生的,目的
如Tom getup early this morning to catch the bus

⑻ 英语非谓语动词用法

这里填:
being put up 现在分词被动语态

非谓语动词包括现在分词(ing)、过去分词(ed)、不定式(to do)

⑼ 如何在英语作文中用非谓语动词如题,希望能举几个例

说白了,就是句子里的第二个动词.但是,在英语语法习惯里,一句句子中只允许有一个谓语动词,并列结构不算.而有的时候要表达2个动作,需要用到2个动词,又不能破坏这条规则,所以就只好引进一个非谓语动词的概念.非谓语动词...

⑽ 英语非谓语动词怎么用

非谓语动词
在英语中,动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表:
非谓语动词 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
Ⅰ). 作主语----doing/ to do:
⒈ 没有多大区别。动词原形不能在句中作主语
To see is to believe 百闻不如一见。=Seeing is believing.
⒉ doing抽象笼统的一般行为
to do具体的特别是将来的动作
Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟对人身体有害。 (笼统地谈吸烟问题)
To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(具体地谈这项工作)
⒊ it用形式主语于句首常用不定式置于句尾
* It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do
* It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth.
It is impossible to finish the job in two days.
It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用。
It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。
⒋ There is no…句型中,常用doing作主语。
There is no saying what will happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事。
There is no use making an excuse for this.为这事编造借口没用。
Ⅱ). 作宾语-------doing/ to do:
⒈ 有些及物动词后面只能接doing作宾语,不能接不定式,常见的有:
void 避免/ miss错过/ postpone 推迟/ suggest 建议/ finish 完成/ practise练习/ enjoy 喜欢/ imagine 想象/ can’t help禁不住/ admit 承认/ deny 否认/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脱/ risk 冒险/ forgive 原谅/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,赞赏/ consider 认为/ delay 耽误/ detest 讨厌/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要
I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai.很遗憾,我在上海时没看到你。
He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建议在班会上讨论这个问题。
Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗户关上吗?
Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承认打破了窗户了?
He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免给我们一个肯定的回答。
I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢让这个男孩冒险爬那棵树。
I couldn’t help crying when I heard the news.听到这个消息我不禁哭起来。
⒉有些动词后面只能跟to do作宾语,不能接动名词,如:wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail
I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work.我不愿在工作中被打搅。
We managed to get there in time.我们设法及时到了那里。
He pretended to be reading a book.他假装在读书。
They promised to get up early.他们答应早起床。
He refused to do that job.他拒绝做那工作。
⒊ 有些动词后面既可以接动名词,也可以接不定式作宾语,其意义基本一样,如: begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand, 但like, love 和would 或should 连用时,接不定式作宾语。
例 句 解 析
1. It began to rain. It began raining.
2. It was beginning to snow.
3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.
4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to.
5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.
1. 意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。
2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。
⒋有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语,但意义不同。如:
⑴mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味着…
I didn’t mean to hurt you.我没打算伤害你。
Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.误了车就意味着等一个小时。
⑵stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下来问路。
They stopped talking.他们停止了谈话。
⑶go on to do sth. (做完一件事之后)接着做(另一件事)go on doing sth.继续做某事
After learning history, we went on to learn geography.学完历史之后,我们接着学地理。
You shouldn’t go on living this way.你不应当继续过这样的生活了。
⑷try to do sth. 试图做某事try doing sth.试试做某事(往往表示某种方法或方式)
Let’s try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。
We tried to solve the problem.我们努力想解决这个问题。
⑸forget, regret, remember后接to do表示尚未发生的动作,接doing表示已经发生动作。
I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了给他写信。( 以前没写信)
I forgot writing him a letter.我忘了以前曾写信给他。 (曾写过信)
I remember seeing you before. 我记得以前见过你。( 曾见过)
Please remember to write to me.请记住要给我写信。 (目前还没写)
I regretted speaking to them about it.我后悔跟他们讲过那件事。 (以前讲过)
I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the exam.我遗憾地告诉你,你考试没及格。 (以前没告诉过你)
⑹be used to do sth. 被用来做…be used to doing sth. 习惯于做…
We are used to going to bed early.我们习惯于早睡。
Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸。
⑺can’t help(to)do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 不禁…
We can’t help to solve the problem.我们不能帮助解决这个问题。
On hearing the news, we couldn’t help laughing. 一听到这个消息,我们忍不住大笑起来。
⑻allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb to do
We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
We don’t allow them to smoke.我们不允许他们吸烟。
He advised having a rest.他建议休息。
He advised me to have a rest.他建议我休息。
I considered going to Canada.我考虑去加拿大。
I consider him to be honest.我认为他诚实。
⑼need, require, want + to be done/ doing “需要(被作某种处置)”
The bridge needs/ requires/ wants repairing.
=The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 这个桥梁需要修一修了。
⒌介词(除but以外)后面的动词宾语一律用doing形式。
They are interested in singing.
他们爱好唱歌。( 动名词singing作介词in的宾语)
* but 与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词,但其后面的动词用to do,
如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式,则but 后面用动词原形do
He did nothing but cry.
他什么也没做,只是哭。(but 前面有实义动词did, 所以but后面要接动词原形)
I had no choice but to cry.
我别无办法,只好哭。(but前面没有实义动词do,所以but后面要跟不定式形式)
⒍ “wh- + to do,这一结构可转换成该疑问词引导的从句。
It hasn’t been decided where to go. 还没决定到哪里去。(主语)
I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉价买水果的地方。(宾语)
The question is what to write about.问题是应写什么。(表语)
Ⅲ. 作表语---doing/ to do/ done:
⒈ doing比较抽象笼统的一般行为
to do具体某次动作,特别是将来动作
有时两者都可以用,在意思上没多大区别。
My job is typing letters and papers.
我的工作就是打信件和文件。(打信件和文件是我日常的工作)
The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him.
下一步将是讨论他提出的问题。
⒉ 主表一致
当主语是doing形式时,表语一般也用doing,如主语是to do,表语一般也用to do
Saving is having. =To save is to have. 节约即是收入。
(不能说Saving is to have.或To save is having.)
Teaching is learning.=To teach is to learn. 教书是学习。
(不能说Teaching is to learn.或To teach is learning.)
⒊ doing作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,有时可译为“令人…的”;
done作表语多表示主语所处的状态,有时可译为“感到…的”。
interesting 令人有兴趣的,有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 感到疲倦的
moving 令人感动的 moved 受到感动的
exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的
puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 感到迷惑的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的
She felt a bit disappointed. 她感到有点失望。
The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。
The news is exciting. 消息令人兴奋。
I was excited at the news. 听到这个消息我很兴奋。
**⒋ 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:(be + p.p)
被动语态表示一个动作,过去分词作表语表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:
The window is broken.
窗户打破了。(分词作表语,表示现在窗户处于破碎的状态)
The window was broken by the boy.
窗户是被那个小男孩打破的。(被动语态,表窗户是被谁打破的,表动作)
The book is well written.
这本书写得不错。(分词作表语,表状态)
The book was written by her.
这本书是她写的。(被动语态,表动作)
The tree is fallen.
树倒了。(分词作表语,表状态)
Ⅳ. 作定语----to do/ doing/ done:
⒈ to do 做后置定语,与中心词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,表示将要发生的动作或状态
I have something important to tell you. (something important 是tell you的逻辑宾语)
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
I want to get something to read ring the winter vacation. (something 是read的逻辑宾语)
我想找点书在寒假读。
** 若to do是不及物动词介词不可省略
We are looking for a paper to write on.
我们正在找写字用的纸。
I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at.
我对在哪家餐馆吃饭没有把握。
It would be a comfortable room to live in.
这房间住起来会很舒适。
** 常用to do作定语的情况
1)名词前有序数词、最高级所修饰This is the first building to be designed by him.
这是由他设计的第一栋楼房。
They are the first to come, and the last to leave.
他们是最先来而最后离开。
He is the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal.
他赢得奥运金牌的年龄最大的运动员。
2) 只能接to do 做宾语的动词转化的名词
⒉ 动名词作定语表示该名词的用途,
现在分词作定语表示该名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
a reading room (=a room for reading ) 阅览室(动名词)
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming)游泳池(动名词)
a swimming girl (=a girl who is swimming)在游泳的女孩(现在分词)
a sleeping car (=a car for sleeping)一节卧车 (动名词)
a sleeping girl (=a girl who is sleeping)在睡觉的女孩(现在分词)
⒊ doing作定语,多表示动作正在进行/与谓语动词同时进行/经常性的动作或状态;
done作定语,则多表示分词动作“先于谓语动词表示的动作”,表“被动”
⑴Did you see the boy dancing with the girl?
= the boy who was dancing with the girl (表正在进行)
⑵There were 50 children returning from school.
= 50 children who were returning from school(表正在进行)
⑶The factory making the cars is a small one.
= The factory which makes the cars (表示经常性)
⑷I live in a house facing the north.
=a house that faces the north (表状态)
⑸It is the problem left over by history.
= which have been left over by history. (先于谓语动词的动作、表被动)
⑹He is a leader respected by the people.
= who is respected by the people. (表被动)
⒋ being +done作定语时,表示一个正在进行的、被动的动作
The freeway being built will lead to Xingang Seaport.= which is being built (表正在被修建的)
⒌having + done不能作定语,此时可以用一个定于从句代替
完成作业的那些人现在可以回家了。
误:Those having finished their homework can go home now.
正:Those who have finished their homework can go home now.
Ⅴ. 作状语---- to do/ doing/ done:
⒈ doing作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系,表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随情况
Walking down the street, I met an old friend of mine.(时间状语,walk 和meet 同时发生)
Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.(原因状语,hear 和rush out 几乎同时发生)
We sat by the window, talking about what had happened.(伴随状语,talk 和sit同时发生)
Having brushed my teeth, I came downstairs for breakfast.(时间状语,brush teeth 在come downstairs 之前发生)`
Thinking it over, you will not take the job.= If you think it over (条件状语)
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.(原因状语,be there在offer之前发生)
⒉ done作状语表示被动或完成的动作,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。
⑴Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever.
( = As we were encouraged by the teacher)
受到老师的鼓励,我们比以前更努力地学习。(原因状语)
⑵Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.
( = If it is considered from the point of view)
若从这个角度考虑,那个问题很重要。(条件状语)
⑶Seen from the hill, the town looks nice.
(= When the town is seen from the hill) (时间状语)
⑷He turned away disappointed.
( = and he was disappointed) (伴随状语)
⒊ to do/ in order to do /so as to do(不于句首)用不定式作目的状语
I studied hard to pass the exam.为了通过这次考试我努力读书。
为了强调目的,有时可把不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加。如:
In order to /To be there on time, we got up early.为了按时到那儿,我们起的很早。
He sold them so as to /in order to/ to have money to buy some food.他把它们卖掉是为了有钱买食物。
⒋ (only/ never) to do 表示出人意料的结果。
I came in only to find nobody here.
我走进来,却发现这儿一个人都没有。(表意外结果,加only用来强调意外)
He hurried to the station to find the train had gone.
他匆忙赶往车站,结果发现火车开走了。(表意外结果)
The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.
= and made it the most popular song
全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受人欢迎的歌曲。(没有意外结果的意思)
⒌ 独立主格
1) “名词(主格代词)+doing”相当于一个状语从句,表示条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
⑴The bus being very crowded, he had to stand.
=As the bus was very crowded…
公共汽车很挤,他只好站着。(表原因)(分词的逻辑主语是the bus,句子的主语是he)
⑵All the guests having left, we began cleaning up the room.
= After all the guests had left…
所有的客人走了之后,我们开始打扫房间。(表时间)(分词的逻辑主语是all the guests,句子的主语是we)
⑶ “Mama!” she cried suddenly, tears rolling down her cheeks.
= …,and tears rolled down her cheeks.
“妈妈”,她突然哭了,眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。(表伴随)(分词的逻辑主语是tears,句子的主语是she)
2) 分词的独立结构作状语
assuming
admitting
according to /owing to/judging by/from
considering/seeing/given/allowing for
concerning/regarding
generally speaking
saving/expecting
supposing/providing/provided
talking to/about
Ⅵ. 作补足语----to do/ doing/ done:
⒈ to do作补足语表主动的动作,
doing作补足语表正在进行的动作,
done/to be done作补足语表被动的动作。
Would you like us to go with you?你愿意我们和你一起去吗? (我们去)
She could fell her heart beating violently.她可以感到自己的心跳得很厉害。(心正在跳动)
Please get your baby examined.请让你的孩子检查一下。(孩子被检查)

感官动词 do→做了某事 (被动还原 to have/ let 除外)
S.+ + 宾语 + doing→正在做某事 (being done 被动)
使役动词 done→被动 完成
I saw him crossing the road.
我看到他正在过马路。(指在马路中间或过马路的途中)
I saw him cross the road.
我看见他过了马路。(指看见他过了马路这个过程)
I saw him beaten black and blue.
我看到他被打得青一块紫一块。(指看见他被打)
**巧记感官动词和使役动词----“一感二听三让五看”
feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /look at, see, , watch, notice, observe
*①以上动词接to do作宾补时不带to。被动语态时要还原to
help 后面的to do 做宾补 to 可带可不带 *They were made to pay back the money.他们被迫还钱。
He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。
*②* have +宾语+doing
常和will/would not连用,表示“不允许某人总是或反复地做某事”
I won’t have him speaking to me like that.我不允许他那样对我讲话。
⒊ 要求接带to 的不定式作其宾补的动词有:
force, tell, invite, expect, wish, advise, warn, cause, order, encourage, persuade, beg, permit, allow等
He advised me to give up smoking.他建议我戒烟。
We encouraged him to try again.我们鼓励他再试试。
At the meeting they invited me to speak.在会议上他们邀请我发言。
4. with 复合结构
with + 宾语 + to do (将来, 主动表被动)
with + 宾语 + doing (现在或过去主动, 现在被动:being done)
with + 宾语 + done (过去,被动)

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