威势英语怎么说及英文翻译

『壹』 荆轲刺秦这个故事的英文翻译

秦国的将军王翦攻破赵国，俘虏赵王，全部占领了赵国的国土，进军向北侵占土地，到达燕国南部的边界。
The Qin General Zhao Jian attack, captured the king of Zhao, all occupied to the land of Zhao Guo, to enter the north land occupation, to the southern boundary of yan.
燕国的太子丹很害怕，就请求荆轲说：“秦军马上就要渡过易水，那么虽然我想长久地侍奉您，又怎么能够做得到呢？”荆轲说：“不用太子说，我也要请求行动。现在假如空手而去，没有什么凭信之物，那就无法接近秦王。现在的樊将军，秦王用一千斤金和一万户人口的封地作悬赏来购取他的头颅。果真能够得到樊将军的首级及燕国督亢一带的地图献给秦王，秦王一定高兴地召见我，我就有办法来报答太子了。”太子说：“樊将军因为走投无路，处境困窘而来归附我，我不忍心由于自己个人的私仇而伤害长者的心意，希望您另外考虑对策吧!”
YAN Dan Prince very fear, ask Jing Ke said: "the Qin immediately to cross water, so although I think long serve you, and how to do it? " Jing Ke said: " without the prince said, I would like to request action. Now if away empty-handed, nothing true thing, it cannot be close to the king. Now the general fan, with one thousand kg of gold and ten thousand population. As a reward to buy with his head. It can obtain the general fan head and Yan Du Kang area map to Qin, Qin must be pleased to see me, I have a way to repay the prince. " The prince said: " general fan because cornered, Plight and come over me, I could not bear to because of his personal vendetta and hurt the elderly heart, I hope you consider other solutions! "
荆轲知道太子不忍心，于是私下里会见樊於期，说：“秦国对待将军，可以说是刻毒透顶了。父亲、母亲和同族的人都被杀死或没收入官为奴。现在听说用一千斤金和一万户人口的封地作悬赏来购买将军的首级，您将怎么办？”樊将军仰天长叹，泪流满面地说：“我每当想起这一点，常常恨入骨髓，但是想不出什么计策啊!”荆轲说：“现在有一个建议，可以用来解除燕国的忧患，报将军的深仇大恨，怎么样？”樊於期于是上前问道：“怎么办？”荆轲说：“希望得到樊将军的首级来献给秦国，秦王一定高兴而又友好地接见我。我左手抓住他的衣袖，右手（用匕首）刺他的胸膛。这样，将军的仇报了，燕国被欺侮的耻辱也除掉了。将军是否有这个心意呢？”樊於期脱下一只衣袖露出一只胳膊，左手握住右腕，走近一步说：“这是我日日夜夜咬牙切齿、捶胸痛恨的事，今天才得到您的指教!”于是自杀。
Jing Ke knew that the prince could not bear to, then privately met with fan in the period, said: " Qin treat general, can be said to be the wicked go. Father, mother and brother were killed or no revenue officer for the slave. Now hear the one thousand kg of gold and ten thousand households population. As a reward to buy General's head, you will be how to do? " General fan sigh, and tearfully said: " when I think of this point, often hate to the marrow, but cannot think of a plan! " Jing Ke said: " there is now a proposal, can be used to lift the Yan's hardship, reported general bear a deep grudge against sb.,? " Fan in and he came near and asked: " how to do? " Jing Ke said: " I hope to get general fan head to the Qin, Qin always happy and friendly to meet me. My left hand grabbed his sleeve, the right hand ( with a dagger thrust his chest ). Thus, the general avenged, Yan was also removed the stigma. The general is there is the mind? " Fan to take off a sleeve with one arm, the left hand holds the right wrist, closer said: " this is my day and night gnash the teeth in anger, hate mourn, today just to get your advice! " then the Dutch act.
太子听说了这件事，赶着马车跑去，伏在樊於期的尸体上大哭，非常悲伤。事已至此，没有办法挽回了，于是就收拾安放樊於期的首级，用盒子封好它。
Prince heard about it, driving a wagon ran, V in the fan to the body very sad cry. It has now, no way to save, so pack placed fan to head in a box, sealed it.
于是太子预先寻求世上锋利的匕首，得到赵国徐夫人的匕首，用一百金把它买到，叫工匠在淬火时把毒药浸到匕首上。于是整理行装，派遣荆轲上路。
So the prince to seek world sharp dagger, get Mrs Zhao Guoxu's dagger, with one hundred gold bought it, called craftsmen ring the quenching the poison is dipped into a dagger on. So pack up, sent Jing Ke.
燕国有个勇士秦武阳，十二岁的时候就杀过人，人们不敢同他正眼相看，于是叫秦武阳做助手。
Yan is a warrior Qin Wuyang, was twelve years old when I killed people, people dare not and he said so, and asked Qin Wuyang aide.
荆轲等待着一个人，想同他一起去。那个人住得很远，没有来，因而停下等候他。
Jing Ke is waiting for a person, want to go with him. The people who live far away, didn't come, so stop waiting for him.
过了一阵还没动身，太子嫌荆轲走晚了，怀疑他有改变初衷和后悔的念头，就又请求他说：“太阳已经完全落下去了，您难道没有动身的意思吗？请允许我先遣发秦武阳!”荆轲发怒，呵斥太子说：“今天去了而不能好好回来复命的，那是没有用的小子!现在光拿着一把匕首进入不可意料的强暴的秦国，我之所以停留下来，是因为等待我的客人好同他一起走。现在太子嫌我走晚了，请允许我告别吧!”于是出发了。
After a while doesn't leave, Prince Xian Jingke came late, suspected that he had a change of mind and regret thoughts, and asked him: " the sun has been completely fell, you wouldn't leave for? Please allow me to advance send Qin Yang Jing Ke! " Angry, scold prince said: " today went to come back to you, it is no use! Now holding a dagger into unexpected violence Qin, the reason why I stayed, because waiting for my guests with him walk together. Now the prince too I go late, please allow me to say goodbye! " Then start.
太子和他的宾客中知道这件事的人，都穿着白衣，戴着白帽给他送行。到易水上，祭过路神，就要上路。高渐离敲着筑，荆轲和着节拍唱歌，发出变徵的声音，众宾客都流着眼泪小声地哭。荆轲又上前作歌唱道：“风声萧萧悲鸣啊易水彻骨寒冷，壮士这一离去啊就永远不再回还!”又发出悲壮激昂的羽声。众宾客都睁大了眼睛，头发都向上竖起顶住了帽子。于是荆轲就上车离去，始终不曾回头看一眼。
The prince and his guests know about this person, all dressed in white, wearing white hat off to him. To easy, offerings to God the way, must be on the road. Gao Jianli knocks the building, Jing Ke and the rhythm of singing, a variable characteristic sound, all the guests were in tears weeping. Jing Ke and then as sings: " Xiao Xiao. Ah Yi cold warriors, the go will never return! " also issued a buskined feather sound. All the guests were zhengdaileyan eye, hair sticking up at the hat. Then Jing Ke left by bus, never look back.
到达秦国后，拿着价值千金的礼物，优厚地赠送给秦王的宠臣中庶子蒙嘉。
After arrived in Qin, holding a priceless gift, richly presented to the minions of Meng Jia.
蒙嘉替他事先向秦王进言，说：“燕王确实非常惧怕大王的威势，不敢出兵来抗拒，愿意全国上下都做秦国的臣民，排在诸侯的行列里(意为：燕国愿意同别的诸侯一起尊秦王为天子)像秦国的郡县那样贡纳赋税，俾能守住祖先的宗庙。他们诚惶诚恐，不敢自己来陈述，恭谨地砍下樊於期的头颅和献上燕国督亢一带的地图，用盒子封好，燕王在朝廷上行跪拜大礼送出来，派使者来禀告大王。一切听凭大王吩咐。”
Meng Jia for his prior to the proposal, said: " the king is very afraid of King pomp, dare not to resist, to the whole nation do Qin subjects, the princes in the ranks (meaning: Yan with other princes with respect to the emperor of Qin ) as county taxes as gunner they can hold, ancestral temple. They with profound respect and humility, not their statements, politely cut fan to head and offer the Yan state governor Kang area map, with the box cover, the king in court uplink bow gift sent out, sent messengers to tell the king. Let the king commanded all. "
秦王听了蒙嘉的话，非常高兴。于是穿了上朝的礼服，安排下隆重的九宾大礼仪式，在咸阳宫接见燕国的使者。
The emperor heard by her words, very happy. I wear the dress, arrangement of the grand nine bin gift ceremony, in the Xianyang palace with Yan's messenger.
荆轲捧着装了樊於期头颅的盒子，秦武阳捧着地图匣子，按次序进宫，到达殿前的台阶下，秦武阳脸色都变了，十分害怕，秦国的群臣对此感到奇怪。荆轲回过头来对秦武阳笑了笑，上前替他向秦王谢罪说：“北方蛮夷地区的粗鄙人，没有拜见过天子，所以害怕，希望大王稍微原谅他些，让他在大王的面前完成他的使命。”秦王对荆轲说：“起来，取来武阳所拿的地图!”
Jing Ke held the dress in head box fan, Qin Wuyang is holding the map box, in order to enter the palace, temple stage, Qin Wuyang face, very afraid, because men are strange. Jing Ke turned to Qin Wuyang smiled, for he came to the king to say: " northern barbarian regions of the vulgar people, did not see too emperor, fear, hope, slightly to forgive him, let him in front of the king to complete his mission. " The king said to Jing Ke: " get up, Yang with the map! "
荆轲拿了地图捧送给秦王，打开地图，地图全部打开，匕首就露了出来。于是荆轲左手抓住秦王的衣袖，右手拿着匕首刺秦王。还没有刺到秦王的身上，秦王非常惊骇，自己伸直身子站起来，挣断了袖子。秦王拔剑，剑太长，就握住剑鞘。当时秦王心里又怕又急，剑插得很紧，所以不能立即拔出来。
Jing Ke took up the map to open the map, the map, all open, dagger sticking out. Jing Ke then left to seize the sleeves, the right hand holding a dagger Qin wang. No stab Qin 's body, he was horrified, he straightened up and stand up, break the sleeves. The sword, the sword is too long, will hold scabbard. At that time he was frightened and anxious, sword is very tight, so not immediately pull out.
荆轲追逐秦王，秦王绕着柱子跑。秦国的君臣都惊呆了，事情突然发生，意料不到，大家都失去了常态。并且按照秦国的法律，臣子们侍立在殿上的，不能带一点兵器；那些宫廷侍卫握着武器，都排列在宫殿的台阶下面，没有君王的命令不能上殿。当危急的时候，来不及召唤阶下的侍卫，所以荆轲追逐秦王，大家仓猝间惊惶失措，没有武器用来击杀荆轲，仅仅用空手一起同荆轲搏斗。
Jing Ke chase the king of Qin, Qin around poles run. The Qin emperor were stunned, things happen suddenly, unexpectedly, all lost normalcy. In accordance with the law and state officials, were standing in the house, not with a weapon; the palace guards hold weapons, are arranged in the palace steps, without the king's command not house. When the critical moment, too late to call order guards, so Jing Ke chase him, everybody abruptly be thrown into a panic, no weapon used to kill Jing Ke, only using bare hands together with Jing Ke.
这时，秦王的随从医官夏无且(jū)用他手里捧着的药袋投击荆轲。秦王还正在绕着柱子跑，仓猝间惊惶失措，不知道怎么办。侍臣们就说：“大王把剑背到背上!大王把剑背到背上!”秦王于是拔出剑用来攻击荆轲，砍断了荆轲的左大腿。荆轲倒下了，就举起他的匕首投击秦王，没有击中，击中了柱子。秦王又砍击荆轲，荆轲被砍伤了八处。
Then, the attendant medical officer Xia Wuqie ( J ū) with his hands holding the medicine bag put Jing ke. He is also around poles run abruptly, be thrown into a panic, do not know how to do. The servants said: " king sword on his back! King sword on his back! " he then pulled out the sword to attack Jing Ke, cut off Jing Ke's left thigh. Jing Ke fell, he raises his dagger put him, did not hit, hit the post. He cut to Jing Ke, Jing Ke was cut eight.
荆轲自己知道事情不能成功了，靠着柱子笑着，像撮箕一样地张开两腿坐在地上，骂道：“事情之所以没有成功，是想活生生地劫持你，一定要得到约契来回报燕太子啊!”
Jing Ke himself knew things can not be successful, on the pillar smile, like the as open legs sitting on the ground, said: " it is not successful, to living to hijack your, be sure to get Yueqi to return Yan Prince! "
秦王的侍臣上前，斩杀荆轲。事后，秦王还头昏眼花了好长一段时间。
The courtiers to execute, Jing ke. Afterwards, he was dazed for a long time.

『贰』 hello的英文怎么说

中文发音：哈楼
聊天时hello都写成halo

『叁』 “最后，希望大家和我做朋友”的英语怎么说

at last,I wish you are willing to be my friends.
此英语的汉语的音译:at(按特) last(拉丝特) I(爱) wish(威势) you(又) are(阿) willing(威另) to(吐) be(闭) my(麦) friends(富润得)

『肆』 狐假虎威的英文怎么说

狐假虎威
[词典] （比喻借别人的威势欺压人） the fox assuming the majesty of the tiger -- borrowing power to do evil; (like) a donkey [an ass] in a lion's hide; a fox masquerading as a tiger; assume someone else's authority as one's own;
[例句]“狐假虎威”这个成语的意思是版借着别人权的势力去欺压人或吓唬人。
This idiom means relying on another's power to bully or frighten others.

『伍』 韩非子 八奸 英文翻译

Almost all of the ministers who are the reason why as there are eight kinds of rape Road means: the first is called "Slept." What is "in bed" mean? The answer is: attention to his wife, spoiled Jiqie, good pet lust, which is often confused monarch. Sovereign carefree happiness in hopes when eaten while drunk when the monarch to strike what they want, which is to enable a means of monarchy will surely follow. As a person using gold and silver treasure-chen genus to flattery, bribery, and to enable them to confuse people monarch, which is called "Slept." The second is called "In the next." What is meant by "In the next" mean? The answer is: artist funny and dwarves, left and right guards trusted, it is not yet ordered the monarch say yes yes yes, no order about saying good good, the meaning of the monarchy can not express the intention of flattering the monarch could wind blows pre-touch monarch who mind ah. These are the advance and retreat together to jointly give one's word answer, speak with one voice to change the behavior of a unified monarchy mind people ah. As a person-chen is a treasure of gold and silver using precious objects inside, outside, do something unlawful, then let them on the enlightenment of their owners, which is called "In the next." The third is called "father and brother." What is meant by "father and brother" mean? The answer is: brothers, uncles monarch is the monarch close favorite person; elite ministers and court officials, is the monarch must be something with which to plan into account degree of people. These are the arguments with the utmost and the monarchy, while the monarch will be able to listen to people. As a person of allegiance to serve the sovereign's uncles, brothers, Merlot and beauty, using rhetoric to win over the buying power and privilege ministers and court officials, with whom the Covenant to talk about things, things can be done later gave them entry-level pay, use them to ince them to heart, to enable them to violate the sovereign rights and interests, which called the "father and brother." The fourth is called "keep spreading to other places." What is meant by "keep spreading to other places" mean? The answer is: monarchs taste beautiful palaces and pavilions pool pavilion, likes children and dogs dressed Malay happy to express their feelings, which is the sovereign Zaiyang. Robinson as a human being is doing the people's strength to the construction of palaces and pavilions beautify pool pavilion to collect heavy taxes to the monarch dressed children and a dog horses, in order to please the monarch and the monarch's mind confused, submissive monarch's desire, but will their own self-interest mixed in the Among them, this is called "keep spreading to other places." The fifth is called "ZANU-PF." What is "NLD" mean? The answer is: As a person-chen is the property of squandering the public sector to please the public, the purposes of small favors to please the people, so that the person up and down the court inside and outside the suburbs came to praise himself, to use this approach to congestion monarch and the achievements of their own desires, which referred to as "ZANU-PF." The sixth is called "epidemic." What is meant by "popular" mean? The answer is: do monarch's just the congestion in the speech, rarely hear other people's arguments, they are easily moved by the sweet-sounding words that changed his mind. As a person-chen is everywhere to seek the vassal state of the eloquence of the people, to support a number of domestic lobbyists, sent them for their own self-interest to go into that - paper decorated with clever language, using the popular language in society, performance all kinds of interests that people fear the scourge, fabricated false rhetoric to undermine the monarchy, which is called "epidemic." Seventh species is called "Wei-Qiang." What is "IEI" mean? The answer is: the leadership of the people, rely on courtiers people to form a strong power and influence. Courtiers people that it is good, then the monarch also believe that it is good; not courtiers people as good, then the monarch also believe that bad. As a person-chen are gathered to carry the sword of the knight, fed by desperadoes, to display their power and influence, exposing the service for their own benefit, not for their own services would have been killed, use them to intimidate people to seek courtiers their own self-interest, which is called "Wei-Qiang." 8th kinds called "Quartet." What is meant by the "quartet" mean? The answer is: the leadership of the people, their country must serve a small power, the weak force is necessary to fear a strong army. Powers ask for something that small countries must follow; powerful army arrives, the weaker the army must obey. As a person-chen is a heavier taxes, depletion of the treasury, hollowing out the country to serve their own power, but also the use of great power's power to entice their monarch; powerful army also launched big country gathered at the border to contain China, slightly lighter spots The major powers have repeatedly luring angels to intimidate his own monarch, so that fear of monarchy, which is called "quartet." Almost all these eight tools of human reason into the rape case of the Robinson Road, the reason why the contemporary monarchs have been fooled stress, resulting in the loss of all of the reasons, can not but close scrutiny呀.

『陆』 狐假虎威英语课本剧(中文翻译）

编辑词条 狐假虎威 【读 音】狐 假 虎 威
hú jiǎ hǔ wēi

目录[隐藏]

故事
出处
简单讲解
原文、解释与译文

[编辑本段]故事
[ 提示 ]
这是一则家喻户晓的寓言故事，说的是狐狸凭自己的智谋逃出了虎口。后来都用来比喻依仗别人的势力欺压人。狡猾的狐狸凭借老虎的威风，在森林中吓唬别人，但是，狡诈的手法决不能使狐狸改变虚弱的本质。把戏一旦被戳（chuō）穿，它非但会受到群兽的围攻，还将被受骗的老虎吞吃。引申说明仗势欺人的坏蛋，虽然能够嚣张一时，但最终决不会有好的下场。
[ 寓意 ]
人们用它来比喻倚仗别人的势力欺压人。
也讽刺了那些仗着别人威势,招摇撞骗的人。
狐狸假借老虎的威势。比喻依仗别人的势力欺压人。
[ 导读 ]
一切狡猾,奸诈的人,总是喜欢吹牛皮,说谎话,靠欺骗过日子.这种人虽借外力"逞雄"一时,而本质却是最虚弱的.
[编辑本段]出处
【出 处】西汉·刘向《战国策·楚策一》：“虎求百兽而食之，得狐。狐曰：‘子无敢食我也！天帝使我长百兽，今子食我，是逆天帝命也。子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎？’虎以为然，故遂与之行，兽见之皆走。虎不知畏己而走也，以为畏狐也。”
[编辑本段]简单讲解
【用 法】主谓式；作谓语、定语、宾语；含贬义；指依仗别人的势力欺压人。
【示 例】明·冯梦龙《警世通言·赵春儿重旺曹家庄》：“他把中人就自看做一半债主，～，需索不休。”
“果然府中来借，怎好不借？只怕被别人～的诓的去，这个却保不得他。” ◎明·凌蒙初《二刻拍案惊奇》卷二十
【近义词】仗势欺人、狗仗人势 、狐虎之威
【反义词】独步天下、独擅胜场
【典 故】
荆宣王问群臣(狐假虎威!)
[编辑本段]原文、解释与译文
【原文】
荆宣王问群臣曰：“吾闻北方之畏昭奚恤也，果诚何如?”群臣莫对。江一对曰：“虎求百兽而食之，得狐。狐曰：‘子无敢食我也。天帝使我长百兽，今子食我，是逆天帝命也。子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎?’虎以为然，故遂与之行。兽见之皆走。虎不知兽畏己而走也，以为畏狐也。今王之地方五千里，带甲百万，而专属之于昭奚恤；故北方之畏昭奚恤也，其实畏王之甲兵也，犹百兽之畏虎也。”
【译文】
楚宣王问群臣，说：“听说北方诸侯都害怕楚令尹昭奚恤，果真是这样的吗？”群臣无人回答，江一回答说：“老虎捕捉各种野兽来吃，有一天捉到一只狐狸。狐狸(对老虎)说：‘您不敢吃我，上天派我做群兽的领袖，如果您吃掉我，就违背了上天的命令。您如果不相信我的话，我在前面走，您跟在我的后面，看看群兽见了我，有哪一个敢不逃跑的呢？’老虎信以为真，就和狐狸同行，群兽见了它们，都纷纷逃跑，老虎不明白群兽是害怕自己才逃跑的，却以为是害怕狐狸。现在大王的国土方圆5000里，大军百万，却由昭奚恤独揽大权。所以，北方诸侯害怕昭奚恤，其实是害怕大王的军队，这就像群兽害怕老虎一样啊。”
【原 文】
虎求百兽而食之，得狐。狐曰：“子无敢食我也！天帝使我长百兽，今子食我，是逆天帝命也。子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎？”虎以为然，故遂与之行。兽见之皆走。虎不知兽畏已而走也，以为畏狐也。
——《战国策》
【解 释】
(狐假虎威) 假：假借，凭借。狐狸假借老虎的威风去吓唬其它野兽。比喻依仗别人的势力去欺压别人。
（虎求百兽而食之）求 ：寻求，寻找。
（子无敢食我也）子：你。无：不。
（天帝使我长百兽）长（zhang）：同“掌”，掌管。
（虎以为然，故遂与之行）然：对的，正确的。遂：前进，前往。
（故遂与之行）遂：于是。
（兽见之皆走）走：逃跑。
（虎不知兽畏己而走也）畏：害怕。
【《狐假虎威》的译文】
老虎寻找各种野兽吃掉他们，抓到一只狐狸。狐狸说：“您不敢吃我！上帝派遣我来做各种野兽的首领，现在你吃掉我，是违背上帝的命令。你认为我的话不诚实，我在你前面行走，你跟随在我后面，观看各种野兽看见我有敢不逃跑的吗？”老虎认为狐狸的话是有道理的，所以就和它一起走。野兽看见它们都逃跑了。老虎不知道野兽是害怕自己而逃跑的，认为它们是害怕狐狸。
【道理】
从上面这个故事，我们可以知道，凡是借着权威的势力欺压别人，或借着职务上的权力作威作福的，都可以用“狐假虎威”来形容。
同时也说明凡事应开动脑筋，不能盲信盲从，否则，就会闹出笑话。
【英文版】
The tiger seeks the various wild beast eating them up , grasps to one Charley. Charley says: "You do not dare have meal in me! That God dispatches the chieftain who comes to make the various wild beast me , you eat me up now, is the order going against God. You think that my words is not honest , I go on foot in your front , you follow behind me , watch the various wild beast to see that I have daring not to run away? The tiger thinks that Charley's words is reasonable, therefore walking right away together with it. Wild beast see them having run away. The tiger does not know the wild beast is to be afraid of self but run away , thinks that they are to be afraid of Charley.

『柒』 狐假虎威用英语怎么说

”狐假虎威”用英语说是Borrowing power to do evil。狐假虎威是汉语成语，拼音为：hú专 jiǎ hǔ wēi，是先秦时属代汉族寓言故事。假：借。狐狸借老虎之威吓退百兽。后以“狐假虎威”比喻仰仗或倚仗别人的权势来欺压、恐吓人。出自《战国策·楚策一》。

“狐假虎威”情感色彩是贬义，反义词：独步天下、独擅胜场；近义词：仗势欺人、狗仗人势、狐虎之威。语法分析：“狐”是主语，“威”是谓语，“假虎”是“威”的状语。

(7)威势英语怎么说及英文翻译扩展阅读

出处简介：

《战国策》是中国古代的一部史学名著。它是一部国别体史书，又称《国策》。全书按东周、西周、秦国、齐国、楚国、赵国、魏国、韩国、燕国、宋国、卫国、中山国依次分国编写，分为12策，共33卷，共497篇。

所记载的历史，上起前490年智伯灭范氏，下至前221年高渐离以筑击秦始皇，约12万字。是先秦历史散文成就最高，影响最大的著作之一。主要记述了战国时期的纵横家的政治主张和策略，展示了战国时代的历史特点和社会风貌，是研究战国历史的重要典籍。

『捌』 英国有关女王的英语职称

英国的爵位制度

英国的封建体系与爵士制度有其久远的历史背景，以往在古代只针对政治、军事上的功勋，近代则扩及到科学、文学、艺术等其他领域。

英国的封号授予分成七级，分为贵族（peerage）与平民两大部分。而除了英国王室以外，贵族分为五等；因为中国周朝的诸侯亦分为五等，所以中文就直接对应翻译为公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵与男爵；另外还有两种封号：准男爵（Baronet）与骑士（Knight），他们属於平民，而非贵族；但在中国周朝的大夫与士，仍属於贵族。

英国爵位的授予与继承

英王行使荣典权原为英王的特权之一，但在现今的宪政体制下，英王行使荣典权只有名义上的意义，荣典的授予必须依据内阁阁员的建议，每一个人都可以向英国首相办公室推荐英国国民接受荣典的授予。通常每年会公布两次名单，一次是新年（称为New Year Honours），一次是英王生日（称为Birthday Honours），在英王即位及佳节庆典时得举行特别授予。

属於平民阶级的准男爵与骑士爵位并无额外的封号，只有贵族爵位才有类似中国诸侯的封号，例如：诸葛亮的封号是武乡侯。英王可以授予任何封号，但有下列规则：通常是以议员的选区、贵族封地或是与受封者有某种关联，或是具有某种重要性的地名，做为封号的一部分，亦可以要求以姓（surname）做为封号的一部分，封号的授予会徵询当事人的意见，如：英国科学家、小说家及政治家史诺（C .P. Snow）於1957年受封为骑士，1964年受封为终生男爵，封号为Baron Snow of the City of Leicester，很明显，Snow是他的姓，Leicester是他的出生地，同时他也是毕业自University of Leicester，C. P. Snow可能因此而选择以Leicester做为他封号的一部分。

爵位是否可以世袭？答案是不一定的。一般贵族的爵位可以世袭，至於是长子或是其他亲属继承，再由英王授予的封授状（patent）或敕令（writ）上会有记载。但依据1876年的上诉审判法案（Appellate Jurisdiction Act）及1958年的终身贵族法案（Life Peerage Act），两法案所授予的终身贵族（只能授以男爵爵位）不能世袭。而属於平民的准男爵爵位可以世袭；骑士爵位则不能世袭，荣耀仅限其一生，子女不能继续享有。而在1963年的贵族法案（Peerage Act）通过后，女性才得以继承爵位。

伯，男，公，子，侯．这是依次出现的顺序．

在英国5级贵族中，伯爵出现最早。

个别学者认为伯爵爵位来自欧洲大陆，至迟在公元900年的法国，伯爵已成为公爵的封臣。但更多的学者认为英国伯爵（Earl）与法国伯爵（Count）并无继承或连带关系；而且英国伯爵称号是5种贵族称号中惟一的英文词，是由古英语eorl转化而来；大约在盎格鲁一撒克逊时代后期，因王权不够强大，英格兰广大地区曾划为几个较大的伯爵管辖区（great earldom）。而伯爵爵位却是在 11世纪初由丹麦国王克努特引进英格兰的。11—12世纪中叶之前的伯爵多是镇守一方的诸侯。他们大多是一人治理数郡，所以又被称为“方伯”。诺曼大公威廉侵人英国后，担心他们权势过重，危及王权和国家统一，遂将方伯权力加以分割，移交给他的亲信，每个伯爵的辖区仅限一郡，与国王有着极其明确的封君封臣关系，伯爵倘敢兴兵作乱便会被王军镇压，或受其他贵族制裁。伯爵职权名号可由后代继承，但会因为有的伯爵缺少继承人而使总数有减无增。斯蒂芬在位时，破格加封格奥弗雷·德·曼维尔为艾塞克斯伯爵。14世纪以来，伯爵数目攀升。1307年计有9名。1327年爱德华三世即位时仅余6名，10年后增至12名；爱德华在位晚期增至14名。14世纪20年代之前，伯爵作为高级贵族，是男爵的“天然领导人”，在地方上负有对男爵、骑士的管理责任。但在1327年政治危机[指爱德华三世废黜其母法国伊沙贝拉公主的摄政，登极亲政时，伯爵曾作为一个具有“自我意识”的政治群体独立行动，与男爵们的“距离感”突然产生。1328年由亨利三世增封玛奇伯爵领地之后，伯爵不必行使地方管理的职责。

在重大正式场合，伯爵穿着镶有白色毛皮边的深红色丝绒外套，软帽上缝镶着三条貂皮以表明爵位级别，冠冕上有一镀金银圈，上沿饰有8个银球；而国王则称伯爵为其“真正可信可爱的伙伴。”

英国的男爵出现于11世纪。

到12世纪初国王大部分高级世俗贵族都被封为男爵。其中少数与王室关系密切、封地较多者又被称做“大男爵”，其地位在伯爵和男爵之间。很快，大男爵发生分化，显赫者升为伯爵，其余与普通男爵不分伯仲。正因当时男爵在世俗贵族中占了很高比例，以至于“男爵”一词长期作为贵族的集合名词使用。11-14世纪，男爵的封号和封地可通过血缘和婚姻关系传递，但不得随意出售和转让，历代国王也不随意增加或褫夺贵族封号。1387年，理查德二世首次增补男爵爵位，比奥查姆波·德·豪尔特被封为基德敏斯特男爵。以后数百年至今，居于5级贵族之末的男爵始终人数最多。

在正式场合，男爵穿着与伯爵同样的外套，帽子上镶有两条貂皮，冠冕上有一浅色银圈，饰有6个银球。

依次出现的是公爵（Duke）。

早在罗马帝国时期，欧洲大陆的公爵称号通常授予守疆拓土、军功卓著的高级指挥官，以后因重大政治变化而中断。几百年后，公爵爵位又见于德国。大约在公元970年，德国皇帝奥托一世初设公爵爵位。不久法国和欧洲大陆其他地区也建立了公国（chy；大公国，Archchy）。在英国，公爵是仅次于国王或亲王的最高级贵族，与作为一国之主的欧洲大陆的“大公爵”（即大公，Archke）有所不同。英国公爵爵位出现很晚。1337年，爱德华三世把康沃尔郡升为公国，将公爵爵号授予年方7岁的“黑太子”爱德华。该王储16岁参加百年战争，锋芒显露；1355年前往法国指挥作战，军功卓著。父王对他赏赐有加，使太子身兼多种称号，如 1343年封为威尔士亲王，1362年加封为阿基坦公爵。为突出公爵特殊地位，以后多年里除女王配偶和王子外，其他王亲均不许称王，最高可获公爵爵位。随后，爱德华三世及其继承人又先后建立了兰开斯特公国（1351年）、克拉伦斯公国（1362年）、约克公国和格洛斯特公国（1385）、赫里福德公国（1397）、贝特福德公国（1413）和萨默塞特公国（1443）等。这些公国的领有人都是王室宗亲，他们得到高级爵位后，在贵族中鹤立鸡群，威势不凡，为以后争夺王权、扰乱朝纲、制造战乱埋下了隐患。自从1483年建立诺福克公国以后，公爵爵位开始授予王亲以外者，但很少建立公国。而且能获此最高爵位者多是军功显赫的统帅。行政界政务家即使任职多年，政绩昭著，也难获此殊荣。在正规场合公爵也穿深红色的丝绒外套，帽子上镶四条貂皮。其冠冕上有一个金环，上饰8枚红色金叶片。国王则称公爵为“我们真正可信和最为敬爱的伙伴。”

再看侯爵（Marquess，也做Marquis）。就词源而言，它是由德文Markgraf[堡侯；边疆殖民地总督；伯爵]演变而来。侯爵原意与“方伯”词义相近，系指统辖一处的封疆大吏。在英格兰，拉丁语“侯爵”一词最初指威尔士边疆的领主。那时只说明他们领地的位置靠近边界，并不说明其地位高于伯爵。1385年涵义变化，第9代牛津伯爵罗伯特·德·维尔被封为都柏林侯爵。1397年，萨默塞特伯爵约翰被封为多西特侯爵和萨默塞特侯爵。侯爵的地位和尊荣程度不甚明确，大约在公爵和伯爵之间，一段时期内不被看重。亨利六世在位期间，约翰·德·比奥福特被国王免去侯爵爵位，下院为此向国王请愿，要求恢复比奥福特的爵位。但他本人却反对乞求国王，并说：“侯爵乃是一个新的荣誉称号，完全不为先人所知。所以，应对此冷漠视之，并不认为接受它是明智之举。”到了15世纪，这级爵号稳定地保持了它在贵族爵位中的第二级地位以后，才被贵族们所看重。与其他4个等级的贵族相比，侯爵的数目一向最少。

在重大场合，候爵也穿红色丝绒外套，帽子上镶有三行半貂皮，冠冕上装一银环，带有四片金叶和四个银球。国王对他的称呼一如对待公爵。

上院贵族中数子爵资格最浅。

子爵称号（Viscount）源于法国，原为郡守，地位在伯爵之下，但有时可能是实力强大的诸侯。在英国，1440年比奥芒特的约翰被封为子爵，位居所有男爵之上。子爵帽子上有两行半貂皮，冠冕上加一银环，饰有6个银球。

直到此时，英国5级大贵族方完备成形，成为相对固定的贵族等级制。

在学界，有一种很流行的说法：英国5级贵族是上院的当然成员。史实却非如此简单。在13-15世纪，尽管所有大贵族都拥有出席上院的资格，但每届议会召开前还必须得到盖有国里的国王诏令，否则不可前往开会。自14世纪起，伯爵、子爵、男爵以及公爵之子又称为“勋爵”（lord），后来勋爵也可泛指公爵以下的侯爵、伯爵、子爵、男爵。其涵义与“显贵”（nobility）一词相近。另外，在英国“贵族”一词始终有广义和狭义之分。广义贵族（aristocracy）源于希腊文和拉丁文。在希腊文中原有“杰出”、“优秀”之意，可以用来指大贵族。但在含义较广泛的拉丁文中，该词除了用指大贵族外，还包括地位较低的自由人，并含有“愚蠢”、“平庸”的贬义，尔后同形异义地转化为英文源，意为服兵役的自由农民。从诺曼征服到近现代，aristocracy用来称呼包括骑士在内的大小贵族。5级贵族形成后，为示区别，又用Peers以及集合名词nobility和Peerage专称上院大贵族。以后，Nobility除用指上院贵族外，有时还泛指政界要员。

与欧洲大陆的西班牙、葡萄牙、瑞典、法兰西等国贵族相比较，英国贵族集团的特点之一，是人数较少。长期以来，贵族称号以及相应的财产权和政治特权只是由爵位领有者本人所拥有，其家属虽为贵族家庭成员，但政治地位接近一般自由民，不得列席上院。贵族爵号和封地按照相当严格的长子继承制传递；若长子早殁，依次由长孙、次子、幼子或其他家庭成员依序递补。若某贵族没有继承人，可根据其遗嘱或生前安排，并经国王和高级法庭批准认可后，由其近亲继承其封号封地。但在多数情况下是被国王收回爵位。通常，英国贵族爵位和封号不可随意转让、出售。历代国王为保持贵族的群体规模和出于其他方面的考虑，大多会适量增补贵族。

某要人一旦获得一种爵位，并非固定不变。若新获显赫军功、政绩卓著或受到国王格外宠爱，可以晋升更高级的爵位，或兼领新爵位。除此之外，贵族联姻也是获取、增添或提高爵位的良好机会和方式。因爵位封地耀眼可人，为社会上不少人所仰慕，所以拥有贵族身份和家产者以及其长系继承人总能轻易得到爱慕者和求婚者。例如兰开斯特王朝的兴建者亨利四世，即位前所拥有的公爵爵位就是由他的母亲布里奇从娘家带来。布里奇是亨利三世的曾外孙女，她除拥有兰开斯特公国外，还拥有德比、林肯和莱斯特的伯爵领地。

英国5级贵族大致定型于13—15世纪。它与中国周初的5级贵族分封制不同。不是在某一特定时刻一次建立起来的，而是在漫长的岁月里逐渐形成，最终成为定制的。

14世纪初，在5级贵族之上的王室贵族中，还出现了一个颇为独特的、专为王储所占有的称号——“威尔士亲王”。该称呼最早为一度统一过全国的威尔士王子利维伦制造出的名号。1282年，英格兰国王爱德华一世率领大军与舰队攻打威尔士，利维伦死于非命。两年后，威尔士合并于英格兰，爱德华在1301年把威尔士亲王之头衔加给不列颠王位的继承者。

现在按照英国传统，女王（或国王）可以根据内阁首相的提议，将某种贵族爵位授予某人，但受封的人数是有限的，每年大约在20名以内。

贵族爵位（peerages）分为公爵（Duke）、侯爵（Marquis或Marquess）、伯爵（Earl）、子爵（Viscount）和男爵（Baron）5个等级。

原来贵族爵位都是世袭的，而且只能有一个继承人。长子是法定继承人。只有在贵族没有儿子的情况下，其爵位才能由首先达到继承年龄的直系后代来继承。自1958年以后，才允许将非继承性的“终身贵族爵位”（Life peerages）授予某一个人。

对公爵、公爵夫人（Duchess）尊称为“Grace”。直接称呼时用“Your Grace”（大人、夫人），间接提及时用“His（Her）Grace”。用在信封或信的开头可尊称为“His Grace the Duck of．．．”（公爵大人…）或“Her Grace the Duchess of．．．”（公爵夫人…）。

侯爵、伯爵、子爵和男爵都可以称为“Lord”（勋爵）。直接称呼时，都可称“Your Lordship”。间接提及时可用“Lord ＋姓”或“Lord ＋地名”。信封上或信的开头分别称“My Lord Marquis”或“My Lord”（主要用于伯、子、男爵）。

公爵、侯爵、伯爵的长子在他们的父亲没死之前，即没有继承其父亲爵位之前，也可称之为“Lord”（勋爵），但不是贵族。公爵、侯爵的次子以下的儿子，可以终身称之为“Lord”（勋爵）；对伯、子、男爵的次子以下的儿子可称“Honorable”（尊敬的）。他们也都不是贵族。

爵夫人（Marchioness）、伯爵夫人（Countess）、子爵夫人（Viscountess）、男爵夫人（Baroness）均可称之为：“Lady”（夫人），即用“Lady ＋丈夫的姓或丈夫勋称中的地名”。

公爵、侯爵、伯爵的每一个女儿也都可称为“Lady”，即可用“Lady ＋授予名＋姓”。

如果她结了婚，就用丈夫的姓代替自己的姓，但仍称为“Lady”（夫人），即使丈夫无爵位，是个普通的“先生”，也可称为“Lady”。如果丈夫有了爵位，那她就要选用相应的誉称。

除了贵族爵位以外，还有别的一些誉称，对爵士则尊称为“Sir”（爵士）。具体做法是“Sir ＋授予名＋姓”或“Sir＋授予名”，但作为爵士头衔，Sir绝不可只用于姓前。

如“Sir James Manson”也可称“Sir James”，但绝不能称“Sir Manson”。爵士的夫人也可称“Lady”。

『玖』 英语好的帮我翻译一下.谢啦

S Motor Corporation of Japan, China has imported large quantities of FP--148 lorries, using generally serious quality problems made our country suffered enormous economic losses. To this end, China claims the Japanese side. Negotiations began, China succinct presentation of the FP148 vehicle users in China and around the defects of this response. Although none of the Chinese claims, and the reasons for the claim is unfounded. China attempts to demonstrate the talks, the negotiations began with a prelude to perfection, the Japanese side of this move long expected. Quality is a problem because the trucks can not evade the fact that the Japanese side over the problem inadvertently in the negative. Japanese side to avoid the disadvantages, then quietly said : "Yes, some car tires exploding, and the windscreen shattered. circuit fault rupture Rivet, some trailers sometimes cracks. "China aware of each other's intentions, they refuted : "Does your company representatives to the scene read, commodity inspection, and the Panel of Experts identified rivet is not a rupture, but cut Frame is not just the cracks, but cracks fault! Fracture and trailers can not use the 'some' or 'sometimes' best use of the expression ratio data, more scientific, more accurate……. " Japan indifferent smile : "Please forgive me, the proportion of accurate statistical data yet. "" Well, of the vehicle can obtain the same quality of your company? "The Chinese side on the key issue of hot pursuit. "China's development is a problem. "The Japanese side for a topic relevant answer. China immediately refuted : "everyone has been to the scene, which is the lack of factual basis. "" Of course, We consider the actual situation in your country enough…… "" No, it should be taken into account when designing the actual situation in China. because these vehicles are specially designed for China. "China has stepped up, the Japanese side to do step by step, graally tense atmosphere of the talks. China and Japan will soon begin negotiations on how to identify vehicle quality problems in a deadlock. The Japanese side insists that China intentionally exaggerating the quality of vehicles : "vehicle quality problems so as to such an extent? This is our company, it is never occurred. is not understandable. "At this time, China is proof of that, the material will be pushed to the other side : "There are licensing system, the notary public notary conclusion, commodity inspection video footage. If…… . "" No! ! The conclusion of a notary public licensing system, we believe, We were saying that your country will make an appropriate concession. Otherwise, we may not be able to account for the company. "The Japanese side mentioned quality problems in the Chinese offensive, timely adjustments in the negotiations, use of the soft-handed approach, passing to each other, but in any case, Japan has set a quality issue, the defense has been solved. This request for the Chinese side to further opening the door for price claims. Subsequently, the owner of the damaged vehicle FP--148 there has been unanimous in its view. Japanese Minister must admit that this is the quality of design and proction problems. The initial victory, but we realize that the more arous trial has yet to begin. Amount of negotiations is fundamental.

『拾』 中国四大神兽：玄武，朱雀，白虎，青龙的英文翻译

玄武英文名为Black Tortoise，朱雀英文名为Vermilion Bird，白虎英文名为White Tiger，青龙英文名为Azure Dragon。

China's four great beasts：Black Tortoise、Vermilion Bird、White Tiger、Azure Dragon。

在上古时代，古人把天分为东西南北四宫，分别以青龙（苍龙）、白虎、朱雀、玄武（一种龟形之神）为名。实际上是把天空分为四部，以每部分中的七个主要星宿连线成形，以其形状命名。青龙为东方之神，白虎为西方之神，朱雀为南方之神，玄武为北方之神。

(10)威势英语怎么说及英文翻译扩展阅读

青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武又称四象，源于中国远古的星宿信仰，而不是道教，直到两汉时期才被道教吸收成为四灵神君。四神在古代中国中另一个主要表现就在于军事上，在战国时期，行军布阵就有“前朱雀后玄武，左青龙右白虎”。

在中国，龙是神物,也是皇帝的象征，而青龙则是东方的代表、五行中是属木的，也因青色是属木的，有左青龙、右白虎的说法。龙是中华民族所敬奉的神兽，是吉祥雄伟的象征，由于崇拜意识，后演变为祈求丰收、祈求平安的传统民俗活动。

在中国古代神话中，白虎是西方保护神、战神、杀伐之神。虎具有避邪、禳灾、祈丰及惩恶扬善、发财致富、喜结良缘等多种神力。所以白虎主杀，被认为是杀伐之神所以有多位的猛将被说成为白虎星充转世的，例如：唐代大将罗成、薛仁贵父子等人。

很多与军事有关的地方和事物都以白虎命名，例如：象征军队指挥权的虎符，象征威势的白虎旗，水浒传中林冲误入的军机要地白虎节堂等。

从殷商时代开始，朱雀就是代表炎帝与南方七宿的神兽，井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸，联为鸟形，朱为赤色，像火，南方属火，故名朱雀，而五行学说开始兴起之后，它的象征含义又多了丙丁与夏季。

玄武是一种由龟和蛇组合成的一种灵物。玄武的本意就是玄冥，武、冥古音是相通的。根据五行学说，它是代表北方的灵兽，形象是黑色的龟与蛇（或龟蛇），代表的季节是冬季。