英语作文定语从句怎么用
我以前也不太懂，在佩文教育学总算弄懂，这里简单跟楼主介绍一下状语从句，同位语，还有定句从句的区别，仅供参考：状语从句：一般作为先行条件，解释什么样的情况下发生什么样的事情，主要作为“条件”，一般放在句前，也有放在句子后面的，较少。同位语：一般作为解释一个”词“，这个词通常为主语/宾语，也有定语，但是同位语的作用就是用来说明这个主语或者宾语处于什么状态，是什么样子等等。定语从句：很显然，定语从句是用来做形容词的，它通常用来形容主语/宾语/或者一整个句子希望可以帮助楼主
② 英语定语从句的使用
仔细看看我下面给出的内容，你就会看到你需要的：
The Attributive Clause ( I )
1. Definition （定义）
定语从句: 在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的词称为先行词(antecedent )．
连接定语从句和先行词的词称为关系词。
2. 关系词：
关系代词(relative pronoun):
who,that ,which, whom,whose 作主语／宾语 / 定语
关系副词(relative adverb): when, where ,why 作状语
3. 关系词的作用
1）连接作用
2）替代作用
3）成分作用
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is the first female who /that won the Nobel Prize.
4.关系词的选用
关系词的选用是依据先行词在定语从句中的所充当的成分来确定的。
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is the first female who /that won the Nobel Prize.
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is a scientist whose discoveries are very important
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is a scientist whom/that we can learn much from.
Things / places
The Internet is unforgettable because it is a thing that/which has greatly changed our way of life.
The Internet is unforgettable because it is a necessity which /that modern life can’t go without.
The Internet is unforgettable because it is a thing whose functions (功能)are powerful.
5. 在下列情况关系代词只能用that而不用which。
先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, little,few, much等不定代词时。
eg. You must do everything that I do.
2) 先行词被all, every, no, any, little, much, some, just等修饰时。
eg. Is there any question that troubles you much ?
3) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级以及the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
eg. James is the best singer that I have ever known.
4) 当先行词是人和物构成的词组时。
eg. They were talking about the people and places
( that ) they had visited.
5) 当句中有who 或which 时,为避免重复。
eg. Which is the book ( that ) he borrowed from the library ?
eg. Who is the person that is talking to our headmaster?
6). 关系代词在从句中作表语时;
eg.My hometown is no longer the village that it used to be.
由关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在定语从句中相当于一个介词词组，通常在定语从句中是充当状语的，表示地点、时间或原因状语。
1. Where： 当先行词是表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语，此时使用where。
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean. in the hotel in which
2. When: 当先行词是表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语，此时用when。
Do you remember the day when we met? on the day on which Morning is the best time when we practise reading
English aloud. in the morning in which
3.Why: 当先行词是reason，且从句中缺少原因状语，
此时用why 做关系词。
Can you tell me the reason why the little boy cried？for the reason for which
where/when/why= prep.+which
4.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语句中, 介词在定语句中的位置一般有两种：1). 一些介词既可以放在关系代词的前面，也可以放在从句中。如：
I paid 2 dallors for the pen.
The pen which I paid 2 dollars for was lost.
= The pen for which I paid 2 dollars was lost.
The lady whom he was dancing with stepped on his foot.
= The lady with whom he was dancing stepped on his foot.
2). 在含有介词的动词短语中，介词一般不提前，如：
This is the very boy whom I have been looking for.
The old lady who needs to be taken care of has no children.
直接放在介词后面，不用that 。
先行词指人时介词后用whom, 指物用which。
5. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语句中，介词的选择一般采取以下几种方式：
1).根据先行词选择介词，如：
I still remember the day on which she first wore that pink dress
The pencil with which I wrote my homework was broken.
(句中介词with是根据先行词pencil来的。
with the pencil表示“用铅笔写”， 是固定搭配。)
2).根据从句中动词选择介词，如：
The girl about whom I talked with you yesterday will come to our school soon.
(句中介词about是根据词组talk about 来的。)
The hotel at which you stayed last year is being rebuilt now.
(stay at some places)
3).根据句意选择介词，如：
The brave man by whom the tiger was shot is a good hunter.
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what
定语从句的分类：
限制性定语从句和非限制性的定语从句
限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开，对所修饰的词起特指或限定的作用，去掉后意思不完整或不太清楚。翻译成中文时，一般把定语从句翻译在先行词之前。
引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, of which和关系副词when, where, why等。
eg. This is the man who helped me.
I was the only person in our office that was invite to the palace ball.
非限制性的定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，只对被修饰的词语或主句起补充说明的作用，去掉后对句意影响不大。翻译时通常把定语从句翻译在先行词后边，作为附加说明。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom, whose, which, as和关系副词when, where，一般不用that 引导。
eg. I have two sisters, who are both doctors.
Last Sunday they reached Shanghai, where a meeting was holding.
定语从句的考查热点
1.间隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句先
行词之间有时会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定
语从句的隔离。
eg. This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.
He was the only person in this country that was invited.
(1). 因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，通常定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。
eg. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway villiage.
(2). 在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加句子的灵活性。
eg. Kate was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.
The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk, right under my nose.
2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时，定
语从句的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。
eg. I, who am your classmate, will try my best to help you.
He, who is your classmate, will try his best to help you.
注意句式：
one of + 复数名词+关系代词+复数动词
the (only/very) one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词
He is one of the students who have made great progress.
Tom is the only one of my friends who has been abroad.
Where引导的地点状语从句 与定语从句的区别:
1.Where there is a river, there is a city.= In the place where there is a river, there is a city.
2. You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
= You should make it a rule to leave things in the place where you can find them again.
3. Go (to the place) where you like to go.
当where 引导的地点状语从时, 可换成含有定语从句
where 引导的从句 ,等于 in /to/ at the place where
③ 定语从句怎样用
位置：之后 例：Those who are willing toendthe party , sign your 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从先行词定语句一般放在先行词的后面.）
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用： ①连接作用，引导定语从句。 ②代替主行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 ③在定语 注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词…的’表示容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book
编辑本段关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that
这些词代替指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） （3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
2,Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 等，作宾语时可以省略，例如： (1)Prosperitywhich / that had neppearsin te. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语） (2) The package (which / that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语） 4,a as 可以做主语，也可以作略，指人或者物。常与such as,the 5，as与which的区别 ①as可以放在 关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从省略。[eg：This is the book （which）you want.] 2不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词wh放在它原来的位置 3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略； c被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时； e)整个句中前面已有which，wh行 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ich (介词同先行词搭配) when=ring/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。 3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is 开头 There is somebody here who wants toak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.
编辑本段非限制性定语从句
意义: 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非a lovely garden.我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。 3.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 4. 有时as也可用作关系 5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人.
whom指人
在定语从句中 my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.
whose通常指人也可指物
在定语从句中做定语，表所有。 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中. whose指物时通常以以下结构来代替 (3) The 颜色是什么. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
that指人时
相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 每年来这座城市观光的游客数目上升了100万。 (6) Where is the man this morning? 今天早的定语从句
when指时间
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I been pulled down.
why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he lookswhen/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
④ 定语从句的用法讲解
定语从句是高中英语的重要语法项目之一，它的结构和用法比较复杂。我们应从哪些方面有效地复习定语从句呢？下面就是我给大家带来的定语从句的用法讲解，希望大家喜欢！
[定语从句的种类]
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是 句子 不可缺少的部分，如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意义；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，一般不用that引导，关系词不可省略。如：
This is the book that I want to read. （限制性）
Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist. （非限制性）
非限制性定语从句的先行词成分可以是整个主句，非限制性定语从句常用which引导，修饰整个句子。定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect.
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
在定语从句中，who和that既可作主语又可作宾语，whom只可作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？ （who/that在从句中作主语）
The man （whom/who/that） you spoke to just now is our English teacher. （whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）
[whose]
在定语从句中作定语，可用来指人或物，表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”。如：John， whose wife is ill， can’t come to the party.
[which & that]
which和that指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Please show me the radio that/which you have just bought. （that/which在从句中作宾语，可省略）
This is the film that/which created a great sensation. （that/which在从句中作主语）
只能用that而不能用which的情况：
1. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.
2. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
3. 当先行词是anything， everything， nothing， something， few， all， none， little， some等不定代词时，或是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等词修饰时。如：Tom told his father all that had happened.
There is little that I can do for you.
4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.
5. 先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to have.
6. 在which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复。如：Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday？
7. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：China is not the country that it was.
只能用which，不能用that的情况：
1. 在非限制性定语从句中。如：Beijing， which is the capital of China， has a very long histroy.
2. 在介词后面，即“介词+which（指物）”。如：This is the house in which we lived three years ago.
[as]
关系代词as代替的先行词是人或物的名词， 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
as引导限制性定语从句时，常和such， the same， as（so）连用， 构成such ... as， the same ... as， as/so ... as等结构，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。如：
Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. （在定语从句中作主语）
I have the same trouble as you have. （在定语从句作宾语）
It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. （在定语从句作宾语）
但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可以引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same ... as（指同样或同类的）， the same ... that（指同一个）。例如：
This is the same watch as I lost.
This is the same watch that I lost.
as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分，放在句首、句中或句末。如：
As is known to us all， smoking is harmful to one’s health. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语）
He is late， as is often the case. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语）
Light， as everybody knows， travels much faster than sound. （指代整个主句，在从句中做宾语）
as和which作关系代词的用法比较：
which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后，which指代前面的一个句子或主句中的某一成分；as引导的非限定性定语从句能放在主句之前、中、后，既可指前面已经提到的情况，也可指后面提到的情况。
as引导从句时，有“为人所熟知”的含义，which则没有这层意思。as引导的从句往往表示的是一种附加说明，which引导的从句一般是较为重要的陈述。如：
His mother is ill， which makes him very sad.
As is expected， the England team won the football match.
[关系副词引导的定语从句]
关系副词when， where， why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语， 相当于“介词+which”结构。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when/ring which we worked in the factory.
This is the village where /in which he was born.
I don’t know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today.
[判定用关系代词还是用关系副词]
关系代词与关系副词的选用，应看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：若作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose，as等；若作状语， 就用where， when， why等关系副词。如：
The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sunday. （状语）
The reason that/which he gave us sounded reasonable. （宾语）
Pisa is a city， which has a leaning tower. （主语）
Pisa is a city， where there is a leaning tower. （状语）
[介词+关系代词]
当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词+关系代词”的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用“介词+which”，指人时用“介词+whom”，且关系代词不能省略。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题：
1. 介词的确定可以根据整个句意来确定。
Oxygen is a kind of gas， without which we couldn’t live.
2. 介词可以根据与先行词的搭配来确定。
He gave me the book for which he paid a lot of money. （动词与介词搭配）
1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. （名词与介词搭配）
The snake， of which she used to be afraid， is her favorite animal now. （形容词与介词搭配）
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