英语阅读理解怎么翻译句子
If you believe the delay is e to sth other than weather or air traffic problems ,
如果您觉得延误是由于天气或空中交通问题之外的问题造成的，
then mention your suspicion and ask the airline agent to book you on the next available flight ,
那么请提出您的疑问并要求您的航空代理帮您订最早的下一班航班，
either on the same air -line or a competing one .
可以是同一家航空公司，也可以是同行航空公司（那家航空公司的竞争对手）。
If your flight is canceled ,then make a reservation on the next flight to your destination.
若您的航班被取消了，那么请预订下一班飞往您的目的地的航班。
Usually,air-line personnel will try to book everyone on their next flight out .
通常，航空公司的职员会尝试安排所有人订满他们的下一班航班。
Often they will put you on a competitor's next flight only if you request it.
通常，若您要求订同行航空公司的下一班航班，他们才会这么安排。
If on-time arrival is important to you ,when check flights through our reservation system you can rate your choices based on their on-time arrival records.
若准时达到对您来说十分重要，那么您可以在通过我们的预订系统查看航班时，根据准时达到纪录来评定您的选择。
All of a sudden they start looking for the short cuts .
突然，他们开始寻找捷径。
People who manage to get over math anxiety have completely normal math ability.
那些成功克服数学焦虑症的人们完全拥有正常的数学能力。
In 1948 he accepted the newly created post of director of Architecture at..
1948 年他曾任...新设的总建筑师一职。
got a degree for Architecture
获得建筑学位
㈡ 英语阅读理解 大一 翻译 ，
这是我第一次给别人翻译 希望你帮上你
我是到每句话的句号那里就给你翻译的
This part is to test your reading ability，there are five tasks for you to fulfil.这个部分是要考你的阅读能力，一共有5个项目要你完成。You should read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. 你要认真读文章，然后回答所问的问题。
Task1 项目1
Many Chinese students who have already learnt English more than ten yeas are still unable to speak English properly and fluently when they encounter a foreigner.很多中国学生已经学英语有10多年了，但是当他们碰上一个外国人的时候还是不能说得很流利。They have been able to master the basic language structure and many other things grammatically, but a conversation in English will make them feel uneasy.他们可以支配语言的基本结构和其他很多语法的东西，但是一个英文的对话会让他们感到不是很简单。（就是说会让他们感到有点困难）
They are afraid other people laugh at their mistakes or they think those to whom they are speaking might not understand them. 他们害怕其他人笑话他们的错误或是他们认为那些讲英文的不明白他们在讲什么。It is not uncommon that many students,who are bad speakers of English,write beautiful and fiuent English.很普遍的是很多学生都说英语不是很好，但是可以写出很流利，漂亮的英文（文章）。This prove perfectly that they do have the ability to organize their ideas in English.这充分的证明了他们能够用英文安排他们的想法。 The problem is that they do not have enough practice and confidence.问题是他们没有足够的练习和自信。Maybe they are afraid of speaking English openly. 也许，他们害怕公开的说英语。
The best way out,as a result,would be a bit more confidnce and practice.最好的解决方法就是要有多一点的自信和练习。No one would laugh at you even though you make some mistakes for they understand English is a forign language to you.没有人会笑话你就算你出了什么错，他们会理解英文对你来说是一门外语。Don'tcare too much about the small mistakes you may make in your conversation because you can correct them easily if you practice enough.不要太在乎你在交谈中犯的小错误因为如果你有足够的练习，你能很容易的改正他们。 But you do have to take great care to make people understand what you are trying to say.但是你得多注意能够让别人明白你想要说什么。If you keep practiicing english all the time,you will surely find that talking with a native speaker is not at all diffcult.如果你能一直保持练习英文，你保证会知道跟一个说英文的人讲话不是那么难的事。
文章翻译完了
下面是问题和答案的翻译
1,The problem that most Chinese students have in learning English is that they are unable to __D__ .
1.这个大多数中国学生在学习英文中的问题是他们不能够_D_.
A,master the basic structure(支配语言的基本结构)
B,write beautiful English (写一篇漂亮的文章)
c,learn difficult grammar(学习较难的文法)
D,talk to a foreigner(跟一个外国人讲话)
2,Many Chinese learners of English are weak at speaking because_C_.
2.很多中国学生学英语的时候再说的这方面很弱是因为_C_.
A,they haven't studied long enough (他们没有学得够久)
B,they can't organize ideas in English (他们不能很好的用英文安排想法)
C,they don't have enough confidence and practice(他们没有足够的自信和练习)
D,they don't feel like talking to an English speaker(他们不想跟一个讲英文的人讲话）
3,The best way to solve this prolem,according to this passage,is by___A___ .
3.最好的解决这个问题的方法，根据这篇文章来说是通过_A_.
A,practicing more(加强练习）
B,listening more（加强听力）
C,learning more grammar（多学一些文法）
D,making more friends（多交一些朋友）
4,The passage implies that___B__ .
4.这个文章意味着_B_.
A,Chinese students usually fear to have a conversation with a foreigner (中国学生常常害怕和一个外国人交谈)
B,foreigners are patient when a Chinese make mistakes in conversation (当一个中国人在交谈中犯了错误,外国人很有耐性)!其实就是说外国人都能理解!
C,Chinese students should speak more to improve their spoken English (中国学生应该多说去提高他们说英文的能力)
D,foreigners are very good and polite listeners(外国人都非常好,是很有礼貌的倾听者)
5,In practicing speaking,Chinese students should___C___ .
5.再练习说的部分,中国学生应该_C_.
A,pay no attention to the mistakes they make (不用管他们犯的错)
B,take care of their mistakes and try to correct all of them (注意他们的错误然后试着去纠正他们)
C,focus more on making themselves understood (多注重让他们自己明白)
D,care more about the sentence structure and grammar(多注意句子的结构和文法)
祝你考个好成绩！
㈢ 帮忙翻译一个英语阅读理解
【纯手工翻译】一个一个字，敲的，欢迎追问，满意记得采纳哟，嘻嘻
Fifteen is such an awful(糟糕的)age, I should know. I really wish I were eighteen. If you are an alt, you can be your own boss. People like my parents and my teachers are always telling me what to do. You know what I mean. "It's time for bed, Sandy." Or "Sandy, you've watched too much TV for one night." "Sandy, stand up straight." "Sandy, you must improve your handwriting." Sandy this, Sandy that. No one tells alts when they go to bed or not to watch TV. Besides, alts get to wear what they like... Now it's going to be great to be an alt. Don't you agree?
15岁时一个如此糟糕的年龄，我应该知道。我真的希望我18岁。如果你是一个成年人，你可以为自己做主。像我的父母和老师那样的人们总是在告诉我要做什么。你知道我的意思是什么。“桑迪，你该睡觉了。”或者“桑迪，你今天晚上看电视已经很长时间了。”“桑迪，站直了。”“桑迪，你必须改善你的书写。”桑迪这个，桑迪那么。没有人告诉成年人他们什么时候睡觉，或者告诉他们不要看电视了。此外，成年人可以穿他们喜欢的衣服。现在长大成人是一件很美好的事情。难道你不同意吗？
I'm Sandy's mother. Having a fifteen-year-old daughter isn't always easy. Right now, we've got a problem. Our neighhour, Mrs White, wants Sandy to look after her pet dog for one week. Sandy really wants to do it, but I'm worried. She's too young and inexperienced. Well, I will never be able to relax knowing she is all alone with a dog. I've tried to explain my feelings to her, but she won't listen. She keeps telling me that the Whites live very near, so she can ask for help. She insists that Mrs White won't ask her to look after her pet dog if she doesn't think Sandy is old enough. She says I'm "babying" her and I hate to see her mad at me. What should I do?
我是桑迪的妈妈。有一个15岁的孩子不是一件容易的事情。现在我们就有一个问题。我们的邻居怀特太太，想要桑迪照顾她家的宠物狗一个星期。桑迪真的想要照顾，但是我担心。她太小了而且缺乏经验。我无法放松自己去想象他一个人和一直狗的场景。我已经努力跟她解释我的感受，但是她不听。她一直都在告诉我怀特女士住的很近，所以她能够向她寻求帮助。她坚持说怀特太太如果认为她年龄不够的话，是不会让她照顾她的宠物狗的。她说，我总是把她当小孩子，我讨厌看到她对我发脾气。我应该怎么办？
㈣ 高中英语阅读理解中一个句子的翻译
The company Terrafugia,based in Woburn,Massachusetts,says it plans to deliver its car-plane,the Transition,to customers by the end of 2011.
“It is the next‘vehicle,’”said Terrafugia president Richard Gersh ."Anybody can buy a Ferrai,but as we say,Ferraris don not fly."
译文：
美国TERRAFUGIA 公司，位于马萨诸塞州的 沃本（美国马萨诸塞州东部城市），声称公司计划
在2011年底把其生产的一种能够飞行的汽车“Transition” （跃迁物）交付给顾客。
“Transition“ 是下一种汽车，”TERRAFUGIA 公司的总裁理查德 格什(Richard Gersh)说，“
任何人都可以购买法拉利（世界上最闻名的赛车和运动跑车车的生产厂家， 总部在意大利的摩德纳）
但是，正如我们所说的那样，法拉利这种车不会飞。”
㈤ 求十篇初中英语阅读理解（不少于一百字）带翻译，答案。
原文
Sam had a dog.Its name was Tod.It was very helpful,but it ate too much..So he didn't like it.He wanted to kill Tod. He tied Tod in a bag and put it in the small boat.He rowed the boat to the middle of a big river. Just as he threw the poor animal into the river,the boat began to sink. Both began Sam and Tod fell into the river.
Tod was able to swim,but Sam couldn't.The dog bit the rope and broke it. It tried its best to swim to save Sam. The man was saved,so he was very thankful to the dog .He didn't want to kill the dog any more .From then on, he gave the dog as much food as it wanted.
译文
萨姆有一只狗。他的名字叫Tod。它很有用，但是它食量很大。所以萨姆不喜欢他。萨姆想杀。萨姆把Tod绑在一个袋子里，把它带上船。他把船划到一条大河的中央。就在他把这可怜的动物扔下河的时候，船开始下沉，萨姆和Tod都掉进河里面了。
Tod会游泳，但是萨姆不会。狗把绳子咬断。它经过试验这是游泳去救萨姆就好的方法。萨姆获救了，所以萨姆很感激Tod。他一点也不想杀它了。从那以后，小狗想要多少粮食萨姆给多少。
原文
It is well known that man is much cleverer than any animal. But which is the cleverest among the animals? Some scientists think it should be Alex, an African gray parrot. He is unlike any other animal. He can really talk with people! When he says "come here" , he really wants someone to come up to him.
"Alex is as clever a child of 2 or 3 years old," says Dr. Pepperberg."He does not just repeat the sound he has been taught. He understands the words!" Alex can tell about 50 different things, name 7 colours and count from 1 to 6.
Is the parrot actually thinking in the way man does? Nobody can say.But the question is very interesting.
译文
它是知名的人比所有动物聪明。 但在动物之中是最聪明的？ 有些科学家认为它应该是亚历克斯，非洲灰色鹦鹉。 他是不同于其他动物。 他可以与人真正地谈话! 当他说“来这里"时，他真正地要某人走近他。
"亚历克斯是作为聪明孩子2或3年"，Pepperberg博士认为。"他仅不重覆他被教了的声音。 他了解词! "亚历克斯能告诉大约50件不同事，命名7种颜色和计数从1到6。
鹦鹉实际上认为就像人的？ 没人能说。但问题是非常有趣。
原文
Jack London was a famous American writer.His most famous book is The Call of the Wild. The story is about the adventure of a large dog in the frozen north.
Jack London was born on January12,1876，in the USA. His family was very poor and Jack had to leave to school to make money. He worked hard in many different jobs. Later Jack returned to school ,but he didn't stay long. He wrote,"Life and pocket book were too short.." In 1897,he went to Alaska to find gold. Instead he found ideas there for his storybooks. He went home and started to write. His writings were successful, and he became rich and famous in his twenties.
Jack London was not a happy man, however. He killed himself in 1916. At that time he was only 40 years old.
译文
杰克・伦敦是一位着名美国作家。他的最着名的书是野性的呼唤。 故事是关于一条大狗在北极的冒险。
杰克・伦敦在1876年一月12号，在美国出生。他的家庭是非常贫寒，并且杰克不得不离开学校挣钱。 他在许多不同的工作中地艰苦工作。 最后杰克回到了学校，但他没有长期停留。 1897年，他写了"生活，是一本袖珍书并且太短"。 他去阿拉斯加挖金。反而那里让他为他的故事书发现了想法。 他回家了并且开始写。 他的篇章是成功的，并且他变得富有和着名在他的二十左右。
然而杰克・伦敦并不是一个愉快的人。在1916年他自杀了。那时他只有40岁。
㈥ 考研英语阅读，2008年，text2，第四句，makes heavy reading怎么翻译
makes heavy reading 动宾结构
出版商读这篇报告时一定会内心沉重，所以很难读下去，他们的这种读法就是“heavy reading”，意思是报告让他们心里很难受。
㈦ 翻译急求！英语阅读理解
（意译，非逐字逐句翻译）
一个同龄伙伴是一个和你相同年纪的人。同龄伙伴仅仅回是和答你在一起，就能影响你的生活，不管你是否意识到。
同龄伙伴能对彼此产生好的影响。也许在你的科学课上有一个学生教你一种简单的方法记住太阳系里的各个星球。也许你对于一本喜欢的书感到兴奋，然后每个人都在读这本书。
然而，有时候一个同龄伙伴会以另一种方式影响其他人，比如，一个在校的孩子可能努力让另一个孩子跟他一起逃课；你的足球伙伴可能劝说你孤立另外一个球员，不给她传球，或者一个邻居的孩子想让你跟他一起到商店偷东西。
有些孩子屈服于同伴的劝说，因为他们想被别人喜欢，想融入他们，或者因为他们担心如果他不和他们为伍，他们会取笑捉弄他。有些孩子会跟他们为伍是因为他们对于别人所做的事情好奇。“每个人都在做这件事情”这种想法会影响有些人而改变她/他自己的思想而忘记了他们本来的是非观念——仅仅因为其他每个人都在做错误的事！任何年纪的人在同龄人的影响下都是这样的。
从同龄人的压力下走出来不容易，但是这是可以做到的。
㈧ 在英语阅读中，有一些很长的句子，如有的有20多个单词，我们应该如何翻译或理解呢
从网上帮你找的，挺长的，不过感觉很全面，看看吧~~其中的例子挺多，可以自己试试，希望对你有帮助
英语长句子的翻译
一、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:
例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.
在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考题)
分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.
综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：
譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、长句的翻译
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)
分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)
分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
下面我们再列举几个实例:
例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique indivials and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
例4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”
例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.
我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。 对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。
例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。
(2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例如:
例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现; B. 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝; C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合; E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成:
铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. ……变的越来越重要; B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会; C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成:
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
下面我们再举几个实例:
例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。
例5.A great number of graate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。
例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。
例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如:
例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four.
上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被翻译成:
没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。
这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为:
大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。
例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)
分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句, 结果为:
人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
下面我们再举一个例子:
例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题)
他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。
例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。
(4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后, 或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如:
例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门; B: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况; C: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, B表示让步, C表示原因, 而A则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:
尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
下面我们再举几个例子:
例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.
对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。
例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen's A Doll's House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。
例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.
到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。