英语四级语法之被动语态练题3
1. 四级的语法题，请高手门进来指教！
1、They are said A their task.
A to have finished doing B to have finished to do
注：finish to do 和doing 有区别么？
答：固定的用法是finish doing sth,finish有完成的意思，后面自然加相应的被完成的项目或者事情，to do表达的是需要做什么，即还未做，但将要做的事情，很明显二者不能搭配在一起．
2 Can freedom B exist in a society without some form of law and order?
A choosing B to choose C to have chosen D to be choosing
答：和几个朋友讨论后认为，在理解选项B的时候可以先不看选项，这样句意就很好理解了．在理解了句意的情况下，另有两个前提．一是can的问句中动词为原形，二是了解句意后知道freedom不能作为choose的主语．A、C、D三项显然都是主动语态，故排除．而to choose（不定式）是可以表被动的．
整个句子的意思不难理解：
（你们说没有自由，那么）如果有选择的话，自由能存在与一个没有任何形式法律和条例的社会吗？
3 The old man's B pity on the snake led to his own death.
A take B taking C being taken
注:这句话怎么翻译的啊？貌似病句?我选的C,不懂这道题.
答：take pity on,可怜．．，对．．仁慈。C项是被动语态，显然不可以，因为老人是动作的发出者，即施动者，所以应该是主动态．
句子意思是：
老人对蛇（不该有）的仁慈把自己送上了死路．
4 The sick woman needs A .
A looking after B being looked after
答：need在此显然是作为实义动词（有单复数标记），考虑到作为实义动词时有两种用法：
sth needs to be done
sth/sb needs doing(washing,mending,etc)/sth
B选项的用法没有却很容易混淆．
同样第12题是相通的，因为need在句子里是一个实义动词．所以可以把它看成一般的动词变化．
｛12 We need to operate on him, don't we?
注:这里可以用needn't的吧?｝
5 I would not consider B abroad at this time of this year.
A of going B going
注:我记得有个句型:consider of doing ?
答：consider作为动词时和前面的finish用法类似，都是加动名词，没有你说的consider of doing结构
6 I apologize for A my promise.
A not having kept B having not kept
答：这里是简单的语序问题，记住结构就可以了，否定词在前，分词在后
7 She has introced a new method B English.
A to learn B of learning
注:way 是接介词to,method 接of么?
答：表达做什么事情的方法时，method后接的介词为of和for，介词后再接动名词．
8 Seated a bench ,she was waiting for me.
注:这个seated,原来懂这个语法点的，现在有点糊涂了，希望详细讲解下..
答：seat作为名词时有”座位，席位，臀部”等意思．作为动词时，一是表示”就座”，可以说be seated,seat oneself,但是说坐在什么地方时要加介词．比如：
Please be/keep/remain seated.
He seated himself behind the desk.
二是表示”容纳”，相当于hold.
看来你的句子少了一个介词．
9 I told them that in the presence of the old lady they shouldn't say anything until A .
A asked B being asked
答：把省略的主谓部分补上：
I told them they shouldn't say anything until they were asked/being asked.
表达被询问的状态，应该不需要用进行时态的被动态．
10 B the teacher coming in ,the girl's face went red
A seeing B when she saw C having seen
注:选C不就是用非谓语动词,现在分词表伴随么?
答：现在分词表伴随使用于主句与从句主语一致，前面从句的主语需要是她（she），选A、C意味着主语和后面的主句一致（face），显然不合适．
11 She must have read the poem before, hasn't she ?
Tom must have watched the TV play last night, didn't he?
注:为什么一个用hasn't,一个用didn't?
答：因为前者强调效果，后者强调动作．
她以前读过这首诗（效果）
他昨天晚上看电视了（行为）
13 There goes the bell, doesn't it?
注:为什么是it,不是there?
答：it指代发生的某件事情，主语并不是there.
14 For him,to learn English isn't easy, B ?
A is he B is it
答：（对于他来说）学习英语不容易．主语是”学习英语”，不是”他”．
15 So you like my cooking, do you ?
注:这里变反义疑问句该用肯定?
答：这大概是很口语化的一个句子，主要是考虑有一定的语境．大概说话的人是带着一些调侃的自豪和自以为是的，就像我们故意对熟悉的人说”我的菜炒得很好，是吧？”这样听到的人自然会反驳，从而达到幽默的效果，轻松气氛．
16 He disbelieves the story , doesn't he?
Nobody phoned in my absence,didn't they?
注:
1、的disbelieve,不就是否定么，为什么疑问部分还是否定?
答：类似disbelieve的有否定性前缀的词，如dislike,在反意疑问句中是把他们看作一般的动词来变化的．
2、phone in 在这句话里是什么意思?
答：拆开来理解，phone作为一个动词，相当于called,后面in和the absence搭配，句子意思是：
没有人在我离开的时候（in my absence）打电话过来，是吧？
2. 英语四级题，请英语高手指教
先把原句分成两句：
All flights have been canceled because of the snowstorm.
Many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
现在既然是一句话，其中的谓语是could do，那么前面不可能再出现其他的谓语成分了，因而ACD直接被排除掉了.
另外：答案B是分词独立主格结构，它的特点是在句中不能作谓语成分.以后遇到类似的句子，先找其中的谓语成分，用排除法，会容易得多.
3. 英语四种时态的被动语态3个例句
一般现在时.一般过去时，我被告知他妈妈得了感冒，肯定句Is
this
book
bought
by
you，疑问句，这本书是你买的吗？
I
was
told
that
his
mother
caught
a
cold
4. 英语四级语法题
这句话的主语是students,前面的从句做伴随状语。先翻译成汉语，意思为，因在最近的一次科技竞赛中被评为表现最出色，所以这三名同学被授予21美元的奖学金。这样意思就清楚了。前面的句子是原因状语从句，judge的对象是students，也就是说，students是被judge,所以是被动语态，排除了B D两个选项。然后是因为这是个发生在过去的动作，所以选A，C含有TO BE 结构，是表示将来未发生的动作。
5. 被动语态练习(三)
1. not to
2. waiting
3. washing
4. does
5. playing
6. feel
7. to go
8. to come
9. to meet
10.to visit
11.working
12.cleaning
13.is cleaned
14.did see
15.will be
16.has read
17.saw
18.had seen
19.have learnt
20.did,get up ,got up
6. 被动语态练习题
什么的被动语态?请先把问题描述清楚!
7. 几道英语练习题（被动语态）不懂
1.See 是动词，seem才是系动词，所以是有被动时态的，seen就是see的过去分词形式，加to是因为有的动词在被动时态的时候要加to,例如：
see sb do sth.变成sb be seen to do sth.
make sb do sth.变成sb be made to do sth.
这样的动词有：see, make 与 hear 等三个
2.就是很普通的被动时态，考的是固定搭配：take care of sth.
3. keep可以做系动词使用，表示保持某种状态的时候，比如keep smile. 但是keep也是可以作为动词使用的，保管、存放的意思。很明显，在此句中是指这些杂志在图书馆存放保存了很长时间，所以此时的keep是动词，而不是系动词。
4.不知道LZ从哪里看出来这里的sold是强调状态哦，这里的sold是动词过分形式。LZ仔细看句子，B用了i am sorry, 很据选项与语境，可以看出B是表示A要购买的产品已经卖完，外套只能是被卖完了。
5. Leave既可以作及物动词，也可以为不及物动词，但是意思是不一样的。做及物动词时意指留下某东西，做不及物动词则为离开的意思。
6.此题答案应该为D，这里sound作系动词使用，不选C是因为：
A.句子时态的一致性，选sounded，
B.如果用一般时需要加S，谓语形式要是单三式。
还有不懂的可以问我，希望可以帮到LZ。还有，看到楼上的答案，我笑而不语。
8. 被动语态的练习题
主动句转被动句
1 his mother told him not to waste time on fishing.
2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas.
3 This factory proces machine tools.
4 They should do it at once.
5 He is likely to let you down.
6 They named the child tom.
答案
1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).
2 I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).
3 Machine tools are proced in this factory.
4 It should be done at once (by them).
5 You are likely to be let down.
6 The child was named tom.
以上几个例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。1\2是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。
9. 被动语态和主动语态的练习题
主动句转被动句
1 his mother told him not to waste time on fishing.
2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas.
3 This factory proces machine tools.
4 They should do it at once.
5 He is likely to let you down.
6 They named the child tom.
答案
1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).
2 I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).
3 Machine tools are proced in this factory.
4 It should be done at once (by them).
5 You are likely to be let down.
6 The child was named tom.
以上几个例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。1\2是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。
把下列句子变成被动语态
1.We found some jewels in a box.
2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
3. James has left a parcel for you.
4. You must finish the article before Friday.
5. They will not paint the house again next year.
6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.
8. Where did he translate the story?
9. We had to repair our TV set.
10. Do they take good care of the sick?
11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
12. They showed me the room where they lived.
把下列句子变成主动语态
1.Spanish is spoken in South America.
2. The plans will have to be revised.
3. All the words must be looked up in a dictionary.
4. Has John been cured of his heart illness?
5. The door should not have been left open all night.
6. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night.
7. We are being taught how to operate the new machine.
10. 求英语四级语法
Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
时
1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
1. 语态
1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
2. 短语动词
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b) If necessary I’ll have the letter plicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all ecation.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
3） 错误的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.