英语四级考试关于家庭暴力的翻译
『壹』 求一篇关于家庭暴力的英文段落
一千六百多字，凑合吧
The Tragedy of Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence towards women is a problem that is often overlooked by
Society. Violence is defined by the Riverside Webster's Dictionary (p.755)
as: 1. Physical force employed so as to damage or injure. 2. As an
instance of violent action. If this is the case than why is it that so
many women are beaten by loved ones each year and little or nothing is
done to correct this violent and hostile situation? In this paper I will
attempt to answer this question along will a slue of others which place
women in these war zones each day.
"The battered women is pictured by most people as a small, fragile,
haggard person who might once have been pretty. She has several small
children, no job skills, and is economically dependent on her husband. It
is frequently assumed that she is poor and
from a minority group. She is accustomed to living in violence, and her
fearfulness and passivity are emphasized above all. Although some battered
women do fit this description, research proves it to be false
stereotype.''(Walker p.18) In fact most batte red women have highly
lucrative jobs such as doctors or lawyers, Corporation executives and
nurses. Most are heavy set women whose assets are controlled by there
husbands and cannot defend themselves physically. Battered women are found
in all racial, rel igious and ethical backgrounds as well as age groups
and ecational levels. ''Who are battered women? If you are a women,
there is a 50 percent chance it could be you!''(Walker p.19)
Statistical data on battered women is difficult to find because
most records are buried in medical records, domestic disturbance calls to
the police or the records of social service agencies. During my research
I found that characteristics in numerous c ategories for both the batterer
and battered were the same. Here is a list of those categories that were
the same or in a similar fashion the same for both indivials. Commonly
shared characteristics between Battered and Batterer. 1. Has low
self-esteem. 2. Believes all myths about battering relationships. 3. Is a
traditionalist about the home, strongly believes in family unity and his
or her roles in the family unit. As with the women all racial, religious,
ecational levels equally represent the men, cultures socioeconomic
groups. "Batterers typically deny that they have a problem, although they
are aware of it; and they become enraged if their women should reveal t he
true situation." (Walker p.36)
"Researchers Eisenberg and Micklow found 90 percent of the
batterers in their study had been in the military. Twenty five percent
received dishonorable discharges." (Walker p.37) These are some alarming
facts and characteristics about both the battered a nd the batterer. I was
unable to collect any data on the cause for this percentage of violence by
men of the military. Although it being a school of violence might have
some weight on the effects of this violence on women. Some of the
reasoning behind the se acts of physical and mental neglect may be
societies acceptance of such violence. We as a society are always calling
for more violence on television in the theater and on other indivials.
We pay for these sorts of entertainment, ask the government to
apply force on other nations and as the saying goes "sex and violence
sell." It is glorified in all forms of the media.
Why do battered women stay with there significant others? The
answer has many different angles; some stay for financial reasons others
for the traditional reasons. The fact is that they stay, but when is
enough? "After you live so many years, and you wak e up one day, and your
body has just about had it, you say, 'My God, I just can't take another
punch.' That's what happened to me. I just reached a point where I said,
'No more. Nothing is worth it.' I decided I would rather struggle and see
if I couldn't make it, so I just up and left, and that's been it." (Langley and Levy
p.111) This was the victim of spouse abuse for seventeen years. In another
case a women from Maryland described her experience. "Being beaten up is
the most degrading, humiliating, cr ushing kind of thing that could happen
to a person." (Langley and Levy p.116) in most cases the women feel that
they are the ones to blame for there battering and also apologize for
being beaten. "A women's decision to stay or go to seek help or suffer in
silence is often determined by the frequency of her beatings." (Langley
and Levy p.122)
When women do come to the end of the line and have finally worked
up enough courage to do it, to leave the one she loves so dear where does
she go? Well I would like to tell you that she calls for help via the
police or local athorities and receives the compassion and understanding
that she so deserves and needs in this time of uncertainty and doubt. But,
all too often she is meet with hostility and cynicism. "Usually, the
police, attorneys, prosecutors, public defenders, and even judges feel
they should not get involved in so called family problems." (Langley and Levy p.153)
One Detroit police officer is even quoted as saying, "there are no
rewards for refereeing a family fight." (Langley and Levy p.153) One of
the problems is the offense can be both criminal and civil matters. There
are in fact only three states that have l aws that deal directly with
spouse abuse, California, Hawaii, and Texas which make it an automatic
felony for a husband to beat his wife. The system however does not work in
the favor of the battered but rather in the favor of the batterer.
"Assault is a crime in every state. Since wife beating is a form of
assault, then wife beating is a crime in every state. In practice,
however, wife beating is not treated as a crime but as a civil matter.
Prosecutors deliberately look the other way even when a man adm its to
wife beating." (Langley and Levy p.154)
When the judicial system fails to help the abused, the abused must
turn elsewhere. Places such as crisis centers, church, or shelters. But in
many places there are no such places or organizations to help the abused,
then the abused must depend on communi ty help as well as family and
friends to help. Mostly with support groups and just by giving the abused
the compassion and support once sot by the abused in the judicial system.
One example of this disappointment in the system was found in the
Detroit Free Press, in an article headlined " Emergency Number Still Has
Kinks," reported: " near-breathless women, beaten by her husband, dialed
911 to ask for police assistance. 'Does he
have a weapon?' the operator asked.
" She answered he did not.
"Then I am sorry. We won't be able to help you,' the operator said
to the dismayed women." (Langley and Levy p.160) This lack of confidence
in the judicial system in return sends women a message of desperation,
fear and frustration. Many women in turn take the law into there own
hands, in a study done by the U.S Department of Justice between 1987 and
1991. "Approximate ly one in four attacks involved the use of a gun or
knife, according to the study. Young, black and Hispanic women were
especially vulnerable, as were poor single women with low ecation levels
who lived in inner cities. The findings were drawn from more
than 400,000 interviews." The Acting Bureau Director Lawrence A.
Greenfeld stated that "the number of women attacked by spouses, former
spouses, boyfriends, parents or children is more than 10 times higher than
the number of males attacked by such people ." It is clear to me that all
of us living in this great nation need to join hands in the fight against
Domestic Violence in the home, not just against women but children and men
as well. But for the purpose of this paper I would like to focus mainly on
the women of the American household. We as a society should take action
and compose social as well as political laws to rectify this situation.
There are no set standards, in fact police officers are told to not arrest
in cases of domestic violence calls. The reasoning is once again the civil matter of domestic violence being a "family problem".
In concluding this simply alarming and terrifyingly eye opening
subject matter I would like to suggest five areas in which we as a society
and human beings could help in altering the violence. Not just on women
but on women, children and minorities as w ell. 1. The expression of
violence is most commonly seen in the context of relationships 2. Current
policies to address personal violence are outdated and superficial. 3.
Violence does not effect everyone equally-it is ingrained in cultural
expressions of power and inequality. 4. Prevention of violence entails on
the positive in the context of the relationships, not just focusing on
indivial weaknesses or deviance. 5. Youth are important resources and
are part of the solution. I strongly believe in these five seemingly
simply and yet necessary areas. Not as a way of solving the domestic
problems of society today but as a way of depleting the number of cases of
domestic violence each year until a suitable set of guidelines or st
andards can be developed.
Works Cited
U.S Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of
Justice Statistics Box 6000 Rockville, Maryland 20850
David A. Wolfe Christine Wekerle Katreena Scott Alternatives to Violence Empowering Youth to Develop Healthy Relationships Sage Publications 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320
Evan Stark, Ph.D., M.S.W. Anne Flitcraft, M.D. Women At Risk Domestic Violence and Women's Health Sage Publications 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320
Roger Langley Richard C. Levy Wife Beating: The Silent Crisis A Sunrise Book E.P. Dutton
201 Park Avenue South New York, N.Y. 10003
Lenore E. Walker The Battered Women Harper & Row, Publishers New York, Hagerstown, San Francisco, London
从2013年12月开始,四级考试中的翻译题型由补全句子式翻译改为段落翻译,给广大考生带来了新的挑战。下面是我带来的大学英语四级段落翻译，欢迎阅读!
1
中国结***the Chineseknot*** 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺***handcraft***代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
The Chinese knot is originallyinvented by the handicraft *** an. After several hundredyears’innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art andcraft. In ancient times, itwas used for recording events, while now it i *** ainly a decorative handicraft art. In Chinese, "Knot" means love,marriage and reunion. The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to expressgoodwishes or a tali *** an to ward off evil spirits. The handcraft has passed on forgenerationsand bee more and more popular in China and the world.
2
中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”***the moonlight group***。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化***fast foodculture***的年轻人。
China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an ecated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moon?light group”. This word came into being ring the 1990s, to make fun of those bom into wealth，who have received a high ecation, and who ap?preciate fast food culture.
3
目前，全球变暖是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证 据似乎还有些不同的声音。人们现在已经知道，地球的发展经历了很多周期***cycle***,尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，即高度工业化***instrialization***产生如此多的污染。全球变暖主要是由 于二氧化碳气体***carbon dioxide***的增多。
Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never proced an age of so much instrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.
4
这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过60岁的 父母，并确保他们经济和精神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社 报导了一条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位77岁的老太太起诉她的 女儿忽略她。这是新法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她的 女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支援。但是这项法律引发 了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离家乡的人更多压力。
A new national law introced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the law’s introction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.
5
茶马古道***Tea-horse Ancient Road***两边，生活着20多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉***Shangrila***,雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫***PotalaPalace***。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站***post house***,古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天， 虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。
Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.
『叁』 公共英语四级词汇
公共英语四级词汇
全国英语等级考试是教育部考试中心设计并负责的全国性英语水平考试体系。共有五个级别，看看下面的公共英语四级词汇。
公共英语四级词汇1
abandoned 被抛弃的，自甘堕落的，没有约束的
abuse 虐待，滥用，辱骂
affectionate 充满深情的
alienate 疏远
allegiance 忠贞
amusing 让人发笑的
anxiety 忧虑，焦急，渴望
apartness 冷漠，孤独
apathy 缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠
arrogance 傲慢
befriend 亲近
bellicosity 好战性
break up破碎，分裂，结束
brute 残酷的
cheerful 愉快的，高兴的
congenial性格相似的，适意的t
desert 遗弃
deserted 为人所弃的
desolation 孤独，凄凉
desperate 不顾一切的，令人绝望的
devoted 投入的，深爱的
diffident 缺乏自信的
disservice 伤害，虐待，不亲切的行为
distance 疏远
divorce 离婚
drowsy 昏昏欲睡
eccentric 古怪；行为古怪的人
egoism 自残主义
emotion 情绪，情感，感情
emotional needs 感情需求
encouraging 鼓舞人心的
energetic 精神饱满的
enthusiasm 热情
estrangement 疏远
extra-marital affairs 婚外恋
faithful 守信的，忠实的，可靠的,
fervent 热情的
fidelity 忠诚
foster 鼓励
friendly 友好的
frustrated 失败的，落空的，受挫的
gap 隔阂
harmonious 和谐的，和睦的
hatred 憎恨，仇恨
hobnob with 亲密，亲近
hopeful 怀有希望的，有希望的
hopeless 没有希望的，绝望的
hostility 敌意，恶意，不友善
ignore 不理睬，忽视
ill-treat 虐待
indifferent 冷漠的
inferior 自卑的，劣等的
inhospitable 冷淡的，不好客的
inhospitality 冷淡，不和气，冷漠
intimity 亲密，亲近，隐私
introverted 内向的，含蓄的
isolated 孤独的
languid懒洋洋的
loyal 忠诚的，忠心的
maltreat 虐待
misunderstanding 误会，误解
neglect 忽视
nonchalance 冷淡
optimist 乐天派，乐观者
pessimistic 悲观的，厌世的
proximity 接近，亲近
rebellious 反叛的
refreshing 令人精神爽快的
resentment 怨恨，愤恨
worry 烦恼，忧虑，苦恼
公共英语四级词汇2
a sense of belonging 归属感
abuse, neglect and delinquency 虐待，忽视，行为
addiction 沉溺，上瘾
adolescent 青春期的，青春的；青少年
affection 友爱，爱情
aggressive 好斗的，侵略性
aggressive behavior 进攻性行为
alluring 吸引人的
an egocentric person 自私自利的人
anomaly 不规则，异常的人或物
antisocial 不擅社交的，反社会的
armed robbery 持械抢劫
arson 纵火，纵火罪
assault 攻击
avenge oneself on 向……报仇，向……进行报复
be charged with被指控犯罪
be guilty of 有罪
be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀
bully 欺凌弱小者，威吓，威逼
burglary 入室行窃
caring 有同情心的
child abuse 摧残儿童，虐待儿童
confidence, self-esteem and life skills 信心，自信和生活技能
模仿
curiosity 好奇
degenerate 堕落
delinquent 违法者；违法的
depravation 颓废，堕落
depraved f 堕落的，邪恶的
detrimental 有害的
differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非
distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非
distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶
distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非
domestic violence 家庭暴力
drug addict 吸毒者
drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精
pe 易受骗的人，易受愚弄的人；欺骗，愚弄
egoist 自我主义者
emotional 情绪的，情感的
emotional exchanges 感情交流
evil 邪恶的；邪恶，罪恶
fall victims to 成为牺牲品
female violent crime 妇女暴力犯罪
follow like sheep 盲从
follow suit 跟从
go astray 误入歧途
guilty 犯罪的，有罪的
have a tremendous impact 有深远的影响
ignorance 无知
illiteracy 文盲
imitate 模仿
immature 不成熟
indecent material 猥亵的材料
inexperience 无经验，不熟练
inexperienced 经验的，不熟练的，缺乏处世之道或知识的
innocence 天真，清白
intervention 干涉
irrational 不理性的；不合理的
juvenile 青少年的
lax discipline 纪律
literacy 有文化，有教养，有读写能力
lure 引诱
mass media 大众媒体
material comforts 物质享受
mimic 模仿
misleading 引入歧途的，使人误解的，骗人的
money-oriented拜金主义的
monitoring and supervision 监管
morally corrupt 道德败坏的
公共英语四级词汇3
naive 天真的，幼稚的
negative role model 负面的榜样
nurture 养育，教育
obsession 迷住，困扰
offender 罪犯，冒犯者
offensive material 不恰当的材料
outlaw 歹徒
parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容
peer influence 同伴的影响
peer pressure 来自同伴的压力
perpetrate 犯（罪）
perpetrator 犯罪者，作恶者
personality traits 性格特征
perverted 不正当的
physical abuse 体罚
pornographic felt 色情的，色情作品的
pornography 色俗文学，色借书刊
poverty贫穷，贫困
pregnancy 怀孕
prevention 预防，防止甂
primp （过分讲究地）打扮，装饰
proper guidance 恰当的指引
property 财产，所有物
prostitution 卖淫
rationalization 合理化
resist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑
respect 尊敬
retaliate 报复
risky behaviors 危险的行为
role model 行为榜样
self-centered 自我为中心的
sequacious 盲从的
sexual harassment 性骚扰
single-parent family 单亲家庭
sinister 险恶的，邪恶的
spoiled 宠坏的
strengthening the family ties 密切家庭感情
substance abuse 滥用毒品
take fantasy for reality 把虚幻当现实
take vengeance on 报仇
tempting 诱惑人的
thievery 偷窃
trusting 信任的，信赖的
untrustworthy 不能信赖的，靠不住的
unwed mother 未婚妈妈
upbringing 抚育，教养
victim 受害人，牺牲品
victimization 受害，牺牲，欺骗
violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力
vulgar 粗俗的
wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲
公共英语四级词汇4
a book worm 书虫
a learned person 知识渊博的.人
ability of expression 表达能力
absurd 荒谬的
acumen敏锐，洞察力
appreciate 熟练的，拿手的
assessment 评价
association 联想
be lost in thinking 陷人思考中
brains 智力
brightness聪敏，智慧
bring into the talents 发挥才干
certificate 证书
clever 机灵的，聪明的
clumsiness 笨拙
computer literacy 电脑知识
creative 创造性的
creativity 创造力，创造
criteria 标准
cultivate 培养
discernment识别力，洞察力
ll感觉或理解迟钝的
endowment 天资
excel 优于
experience 经验，体验，经历，阅历
experienced 富有经验的
explore 开发
faculty 才能
fantastic 幻想的，荒谬的，空想的
genius 天才，天赋
high-quality 高质量的
idealism 理想主义
illogical 缺乏逻辑的
imagination 想象力
impractical 不现实的
indiviality 个性，个人的特性
ingenious 机灵的，有创造的
inherence （性质等的）内在，固有，天赋
initiative 积极性
innate天生的，与生俱来的
innovate 创新
inquisitive 好追根究底的，好奇的
insight 洞察力，见识
instinctive 本能的
instinct 直觉
instructive 有意义的
intellect 智力
intellectuality 智力，理智性
intellectual 理智的
intelligence 智力，聪明，智能
intelligence quotient 智商
judicious 明智的
literacy 有文化，有教养，有读写能力
masterly 娴熟的
master 掌握
mediocrity 平庸，平庸的人
mental 心智的，精神的
mental growth 智力发展
mentality 智力，精神
merit 值得称赞的品质
mind 头脑，智力，精神
mold 塑造
narrow-minded 思想狭隘的
nature 本性，天性
nonsensical 无意义的，荒谬的
nurture 养育，教育
observation 观察
originality 创意，新奇
passion 激情
perception 洞察力
perspective 观点，看法
perspicacity 敏锐
potential 潜在的
preposterous 荒谬的
prodigy天才（特指神童）
promote 促进
put into great play 充分发挥
quality ecation 素质教育
ridiculous 荒谬的
savor 品味
secondhand 二手的
shrewd精明（的）
shrewdly 机灵的
sophisticated老练的，世故的
stimulate 刺激
survival ability 生存能力
tactful 机智的，得体的
talent 人才
talented 有才能的
technology-dependent 依赖科技的
tele-ecation 远程教育
thinking pattern 思维模式
utilitarian 功利主义的
wisdom 智慧，学识
wit智力，才智，智慧
;『肆』 大学英语四级高频词汇整理
大学英语四级高频词汇整理，在问答上回答实际上也不方便背记得，可以通过软件来记住大学英语四级词汇，比如百词斩、雷哥单词。我在这里以雷哥单词为例。
我选取四级冲刺必备词汇，放到下面，395个。 这妥妥的高频词了。
单词 翻译
boost n.提高；增长；帮助；激励;v.使增长；使兴旺；偷窃;
collaborate vi. 合作,通敌
account " n.账，账目； 存款； 记述，报告； 理由
vi.解释； 导致； 报账
vt.认为； 把…视作"
accustom v. 使...习惯
embarrass " vt. 使...困窘,阻碍
vi. 变得困窘"
disapprove v. 不赞成
comprehensive adj. 综合的, 广泛的, 理解的
brilliant adj. 灿烂的,有才气的,杰出的
allow for 考虑到，顾及
burn up 烧掉; 烧尽; (炉火等)烧旺起来
call for 需要,邀请,要求
carry on 坚持下去; 继续下去; 继续; 从事
arrive at 到达某地
necessity n. 需要, 必需品, 必然
navigation n. 航行, 航海, 导航
inevitable adj.不可避免的；不能防止的；总会发生的；照例必有的;n.必然发生的事；不可避免的事;
devise " vt. 设计,遗赠
n. 遗赠(的财产)"
collision n. 碰撞, 冲突
break down (机器等)出故障; 中断; 分解
clue " n. 线索
vt. 提示"
awkward " adj. 笨拙的
adj. 尴尬的"
awful " adj. 可怕的, 畏惧的, 充满敬畏的, 艰难的
adv. 极其"
emotion n. 情感,情绪,感动
resistant " adj. 抵抗的,反抗的
n. 抵抗者"
poverty n. 贫穷,贫困
identify " vt.识别，认出； 确定； 使参与； 把…看成一样
vi.确定； 认同"
idle v.无所事事；空转；混时间；闲荡;adj.懈怠的；懒惰的；闲置的；没有工作的;
removal n. 移动, 移居, 除去
explore vt. &vi. 探险,探测,探究
explosion n. 爆炸，爆发
continual adj. 不断的, 频繁的
emphasize " v. 强调,着重
vt. 强调"
stripe " n. 条纹
vt. 使...带有条纹的"
likelihood n. 可能性
illusion n. 幻觉,错觉,错误的信仰(或观念)
decline " n. 衰微, 跌落; 晚年
v. 降低, 婉谢"
portable " adj. 轻便的,手提式的
n. 手提打字机"
target " n.（服务的）对象； 目标； （射击的）靶子； 目的
vt.瞄准； 把…作为攻击目标"
portion n.部分；（食物的）一份；分享的部分；分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份（或部分）;
orient "vt. 使适应；确定方向
n. 东方；东方诸国
adj. 东方的
vi. 向东
n. (Orient)人名；(西)奥连特；(法)奥里安"
virtual adj. 虚拟的；有效的；实质上的，事实上的
virtue n. 美德,优点;贞操
subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的
significant " adj. 有意义的, 意味深长的; 相当数量的; 重要的, 重大的
n. (复)有意义的事物; 标志"
scan " vt. 扫描；浏览；细看；详细调查；标出格律
vi. 扫描；扫掠
n. 扫描；浏览；审视；细看"
global adj. 全球性的, 全局的
consistent adj. 始终如一的, 一致的, 坚持的
valley n. (山)谷；流域
scandal n. 丑闻,中伤,反感,耻辱
encounter " n. 意外的相见,遭遇
vt. &vi. 遇到,偶然碰到,遭遇"
enclose " vt. 围绕, 圈起, 放入封套, 附上
[计算机] 括入"
decade n. 十年
valid adj. 有确实根据的; 有效的; 正当的, 合法的
capture " n. 抓取,战利品,捕获之物
vt. 抓取,获得,迷住"
ban " n. 禁令
v. 禁止
vt. 禁止,取缔"
advertisement n.广告；公告；登广告
focus " n. 焦点, 焦距
v. 集中, 聚集, 使集中"
forbid vt. 禁止,妨碍, 阻止
isolate " adj. 孤立的
v. 隔离,孤立
vt. 使隔离,使孤立"
issue " n. 问题；流出；期号；发行物
vt. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出
vi. 发行；流出；造成…结果；传下"
hollow " n. 洞, 窟窿, 山谷
adj. 空的, 虚伪的, 空腹的
vt. 形成空洞, 挖空
vi. 形成空洞
adv. 有闷哑声, 完全地"
hook " n. 钩子,钩拳
vt. &vi.钩住"
adequate adj. 足够的, 充足的, 适当的, 能胜任的
adhere vi. 坚守于, 对...忠贞, 紧抓着, 遵守 vt. 使附着, 使粘牢
debate " n. 辩论,讨论
vt. 争论,思考
vi. 商讨,辩论"
debt n. 债务, 义务, 负债状态, 罪, 过失
expend v. 花费,消耗,支出
expense n. 消费,支出
videotape " n. 录像带
vt. 录像"
offend " vt. 犯罪,冒犯
vi. 令人不适,违反"
bother " vt. 烦扰
vi. 烦扰,操心
n. 烦扰"
interfere vi. 妨碍,冲突,干涉
internal adj. 国内的, 内在的，身体内部的
beforehand adv. 预先, 事先
resolve " n. 决定之事,决心,坚决
vt. 决定,解决,分离,表决
vi. 分离,决定"
barrel " n. 桶, 一桶的量, 大量, 枪管, 炮管, 笔管, 汽油桶
vi. 快速移动
vt. 把...装桶"
coarse adj. 粗糙的,非精制的,粗俗的
coach " n. 大巴, 教练; (火车)客车车厢, 四轮马车, 经济舱
vt. 训练, 指导
vi. 训练, 指导"
alt n. 成年人a. 成年的，充分长成的，成熟的
coil " n. 卷,骚动,【电】线圈, 绕组
vt. &vi. 盘绕,卷"
wonder " n. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕
vi. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶
vt. 怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶
adj. 奇妙的；非凡的"
range n.区间；射程；靶场；一系列;v.徘徊；变动；包括（从…到…）之间的各类事物;
racial adj. 种族的,人种的
radical n.自由基；激进分子；游离基;adj.根本的；彻底的；完全的；全新的;
victim n. 受害者,牺牲
religious " adj. 宗教的,虔诚的,细心的
n. 修道院成员, 僧侣"
religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰
impose " vi. 利用；欺骗；施加影响
vt. 强加；征税；以…欺骗"
import " n. 进口
vi. 进口,输入
vt. 输入,进口"
excess " adj. 过量的,附加的
n. 超过,超越,过度,过量"
organ n. 器官,报刊,风琴
oral " adj. 口头的
n. 口试"
vacant adj. 空的,空虚的,木然的
trap " n. 圈套,陷阱,困境,双轮轻便马车
vt. &vi. 设圈套,设陷阱"
casual adj. 偶然的, 随便的, 非正式, 漫不经心的
bachelor n. 单身汉, 学士
adapt " vt. 使适应,改编
vi. 适应，适合"
adopt v. 采用, 收养, 接受
undergo v.经历;
ultimate " n. 终极,根本，精华
adj. 终极的,根本的,极限的,最后的"
tendency n. 趋势,倾向
tend " vt.照料，照顾； 护理； 照管，管理
vi.倾向（于），趋向（于）； 伺侯，招待； 关心； 注意"
grant " vt.承认； 同意； 准许； 授予
n.拨款； 补助金； 授给物（如财产、授地、专有权、补助、拨款等）
vi.同意"
grand " adj. 豪华的,宏伟的,壮丽的,主要的,重大的
n. (美俚)一千美元"
invade vt. 侵略,侵害,拥入
acid " adj. 酸的
n. 酸, 酸味物质"
balcony n. 阳台
calculate " vt. 计算,估计,考虑,推测
vi. 计算,预测,依赖"
acknowledge vt. 承认,公认,告知收到,表示感谢,注意到
abundant adj. 丰富的,充裕的
export " vt. 输出，出口
n. 出口,输出品
vi. 传播,输出
adj. 出口的"
outstanding adj. 突出的, 显著的, 未支付的
optional adj. 可以任选的,非强制的
optimistic adj. 乐观的, 乐观主义的
calendar " n. 日历,月历,日程表
vt. 进入日历"
tedious adj. 沉闷的, 单调乏味的
temple " n. 庙宇,寺院
n.太阳穴"
scale n.秤；比例尺；范围；刻度;v.攀登；到达…顶点；去鳞；刮除牙石;
satellite n. 卫星,卫星城,随从；卫星国家
sake n. 缘故, 利益, 好处
ruin " n. (pl.)废墟,毁灭
v. 毁坏,破坏
vi. (使)破产,毁灭
vt. 毁坏,毁灭"
route " n. 航线,路线,途径
vt. 按路线发送, 改变路线"
decent adj. 有分寸的,得体的,相当好的
decay " n. 衰退, 腐败
v. 衰退, 腐败"
expand " vt. 增加,详述,扩展,使...膨胀
vi. 扩展,增加,详述"
private " adj. 私人的，隐蔽的
n. 士兵，列兵"
personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的；身体的，人身的
personnel n.全体员工； （与复数动词连用）人员，员工； 人事部门
delay " n. 耽搁,迟滞
vt. 耽搁,延迟
vi. 耽搁"
petroleum n. 石油
petrol n. 汽油
external " n. 外部
adj. 外部的,外用的,客观的,表面的"
extent n.程度；范围；限度；大小;
transform " vt. 转换,变形
vi. 改变
n. 变形"
transmit " vt. 传输, 传送, 代代相传, 传达
vi. (以无线电或有线电的方式)发送信号"
transplant " vt. 移居, 移栽(植物), 移植(器官)
vi. 能经得住移植
n. 移植, 被移植的事物"
transport " n.运输、运输工具；(常用复数）强烈的情绪、狂喜或狂怒
vt. 运输；流放；为强烈的情绪所激动"
shift " n. 交换,变化,移动,接班者
vt. 更替,移转,变声
vi. 改变,定责,更衣"
vary " vt. 改变,使多样化
vi. 变化,违背"
vanish " vi. 消失,不见了,绝迹
vt. 消失"
swallow " n. 燕子, 吞咽, 一次吞咽的量
vt. 吞下, 咽下, 忍受, 不流露感情, 收回
vi. 咽口水, 忍气吞声"
suspicious adj.感觉可疑的；怀疑的；令人怀疑的；不信任的;
tidy " n. (沙发, 椅子等的)背罩, 装杂物的容器
adj. 饱满的, 令人满意的, 整洁的, 可观的
vt. 使整齐
vi. 整理"
trace " n. 痕迹,踪迹,微量
vt. 追踪,找出根源,描绘
vi. 追踪"
torture " n. 拷问,痛苦
vt. 拷问,使痛苦,曲解"
wander " vt. 闲逛走过
vi. 游荡,漫步,流浪,蜿蜒曲折,离群失散,走神
n. 游荡,闲逛,流浪,离群失散"
wax " n. 蜡,蜡状物,震怒
vi. 变大,增大,月亮满
vt. 用蜡涂"
weave v.织；（用…）编成；编造（故事等）；穿行（以避开障碍）;n.编法；织法；编织式样;
preserve " vt.保护； 保持，保存； 腌制食物； 防腐处理
vi.保鲜； 保持原状； 做蜜饯； 禁猎
n.蜜饯； 防护用品； 禁猎地； 独占的事物（或范围）"
abuse " n.滥用； 恶习； 侮辱； 恶言
vt.滥用； 虐待； 辱骂"
academic " n. 教学人员,学术人员
adj. 学院的,理论的,学术性的"
academy n. 学院,学术,学会
catalog " n. 目录, 大学概况手册, 商品型录
vt. 做目录, 分类说明, 名入列表
vi. 研究(手册或目录), (商品)在型录中明码标价"
brake " vi. 刹车
n. 闸，刹车；阻碍
vt. 刹车"
boundary n. 分界线, 边界
absolute " adj. 绝对的,完全的,无限制的,独立的,专制的
n. 绝对的事物"
obscure " adj. 微暗的,难解的,不著名的,[语音学]轻音的
vt. 使...阴暗,隐藏,使...含糊,成为含糊的元音
n. 暗淡,模糊"
vertical " adj. 垂直的,顶点的,纵向的
n. 垂直物, 垂直的位置"
vessel n. 船，舰；[组织] 脉管，血管；容器，器皿
oblige " vt. 强制, 施恩惠
vi. 帮忙"
career " n. 生涯, 职业, 事业
vi. 猛冲, 飞跑
vt. 在...中急行"
barrier " n. 界线,屏障,障碍物
v. 以屏障隔开"
battery n. 电池,一系列,排炮
absolute " adj. 绝对的,完全的,无限制的,独立的,专制的
n. 绝对的事物"
insignificant adj. 无关紧要的, 可忽略的，不重要的，无用的
nuisance n. 讨厌的东西,讨厌的人,伤害
tender " adj. 温和的, 亲切的, 未成熟的
vt. 提供, 投标"
mild adj. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温柔的,文雅的
alter v. 改变
burst " n. 破裂,阵,爆发
vt.&vi. 爆裂,突发"
dispose " vt. 倾向于,处置
vi. 销毁"
blast " n. 爆破,冲击波,气流,一阵,汽笛声
vi. 爆破,突然发出声音
vt. 喷射,炸掉"
consume " vt. 消耗，毁灭，吃，喝, 挥霍
vi. 耗尽生命, 被烧毁"
split " n. 劈开, 裂片, 裂口
adj. 分散的
v. 分离, 分开, 劈开"
spill " vt.& vi.溢出； 泼出； 涌出； 蜂拥而出
n.洒出； 泼出； 溢出；小塞子"
slip " vi.滑，滑脱； 犯过失，出错； （时间）不知不觉地过去； （健康状况等）变差
vt.使顺利滑动； 摆脱； 放松，松开
n.跌倒，失足； 纸条； 失误，口误； 事故
adj.滑动的； 可拆卸的； 打有活结的"
slide " n. 滑,幻灯片,雪崩,山崩,滑坡,滑梯
vt. 使滑
vi. 滑,跌落"
bacteria n. (复数)细菌
breed " n. 品种,族类
vt. 养育,繁殖,引起
vi. 繁殖"
budget " n. 预算
vt. 编预算,为…做预算
vi. 节省开支
adj. 不贵的，廉价的"
candidate n. 候选人, 求职者
campus n. (大学)校园
venture " n. 冒险,风险,投机
vt. 敢尝试,谨慎地做，冒险一试
vi. 冒险做"
vocabulary n. 词汇, 词汇量
vivid adj. 生动的,强烈的,鲜艳的,清晰的,逼真的
strategy n. 战略, 策略
tense " adj. 紧张的, 拉紧的
vt. 使紧张, 拉紧
vi. 变得紧张
n. (动词的)时态"
avenue n. 林荫道, 大街, 途径手段
liberal " n. 自由主义者, 宽容大度的人, (Liberal)自由党人
adj. 无偏见的, 慷慨的, 不拘泥的, 宽大的, 开明的"
vague adj. 模糊的,不明确的,说话含糊不清的,茫然的
vain adj. 徒然的, 虚荣的, 空虚的
extinct adj. 灭绝的
extraordinary adj. 非凡的,特别的,特派的
extreme " adj. 极度的,极端的,尽头的,严重的,末端的
n. 极端,极限"
agent " n. 代理人，代理商；药剂；特工；动力
vt. 由…作中介；由…代理
adj. 代理的"
alcohol n. 酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料
appeal " n. 恳求, 上诉, 吸引力
n. 诉诸裁决
v. 求助, 诉请, 呼吁; 有吸引力"
approve " vt. 批准,核准,证实
vi. 赞同"
stimulate " vt. 刺激,激励,鼓舞
vi. 起刺激作用"
acquire vt. 占有,获得,取得,学到
accomplish vt. 完成
network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络
tide " n. 潮,趋势,潮流
vt. 使...随潮漂流
vi. 涌动"
trace " n. 痕迹,踪迹,微量
vt. 追踪,找出根源,描绘
vi. 追踪"
torture " n. 拷问,痛苦
vt. 拷问,使痛苦,曲解"
wander " vt. 闲逛走过
vi. 游荡,漫步,流浪,蜿蜒曲折,离群失散,走神
n. 游荡,闲逛,流浪,离群失散"
die off 相继死去；相继死亡；一个个死掉
pull along 沿…拉
cure of 医治；矫正；治愈
pass for 被看做；冒充；混
pass through 通过；经过；穿越
carry on 坚持下去; 继续下去; 继续; 从事
desire " n. 愿望, 欲望, 情欲
v. 向往, 要求, 请求
vt. 渴望"
intend " v. 打算
vt. 想要,打算,计划"
intention n. 意图,意向,目的
moment n. 片刻，瞬间，准确时刻，非常重要的时机，力矩
prompt n.提示；提示符;v.提示；促使；激起；导致;adj.迅速；敏捷；准时；立即的;adv.准时地;
substance n. 物质,实质,内容,重要性,财产
faculty n.能力，才能； 全体教职员； <英>（大学的）专科，系； 特权，特许
facility n.设备； 容易； 能力； 灵巧
distinguish " vt. 区别,辨认,特别关注
vi. 区别"
discipline " n. 训练, 纪律, 惩罚; 学科
vt. 训练, 惩罚"
domestic " adj. 国内的, 家庭的, 驯养的
n. 家仆, 佣人"
commit " v. 委托(托付), 犯罪, 作...事, 承诺
[计算机] 委托"
by the moment 到……时；到那时候；暂时没听说过是特殊用法
have intention of 有意；打算；对……有意
televise " v. 用电视播放, 用电视放映
vt. 用电视播放"
live " adj. 活的, 生动的, 精力充沛的, 直播的
v. 活, 居住, 过著"
fall away 消失；疏远；背离
fall back 撤退；回落；退后
get to 到达；表示到达；找到
prepare v.准备, 预备
ease " n. 安乐,安逸,悠闲
vt. 使...安乐,使...安心
v. 减轻,放松"
with ease 容易地；轻而易举地；不费力
willing a. 愿意的，乐意的，心甘情愿的
freedom n. 自由，自主，免除，特权
strike " n. 罢工, 打击, 殴打
v. 打, 撞, 罢工, 划燃"
indivial " adj. 个别的; 独有的
n. 个人, 个体"
indifferent adj. 漠不关心的, 无重要性的, 中立的
present " n. 礼物, 现在
adj. 当面的, 出席的, 现在的
v. 赠送, 提出, 呈现"
compile " v. 编译,编辑,编纂
[计算机] 编译"
dictionary n. 词典, 字典, 辞典
bring to mind 使人想起；使想起；回想
refresh vt.& vi. 使...生气蓬勃,提起精神,恢复精神
lie vi. 躺，平放；处于；位于v. 说谎n. 谎话
in support of 为了支持；以便支持；维护
come after 跟在…后面；跟着...来；跟随
argue " vt. 争论,辩论,争吵,劝说,表明
vi. 提出理由,争论,辩论"
character n. 个性, 品质; 字符; 人物; 名誉; 地位
confident adj. 确信的, 自信的
capable adj. 有能力的，足以胜任的, 有...倾向的
bound " n. 跳跃,界限,范围
adj. 必定的，受约束的,装订的,有义务的
vt. 跳跃前进，形成界限"
be better off 更富有；境况好起来；境况富裕
decline " n. 衰微, 跌落; 晚年
v. 降低, 婉谢"
ashamed adj. 感到惭愧,感到害臊,因为羞耻或勉强作某事
satisfaction n. 赔偿,满意,妥善处理,乐事,确信
standard " n.标准，规格； 旗，军旗； 度量衡标准； 直立支柱
adj.标准的，合格的； 普遍的，一般的； 公认为优秀的"
invitation n. 邀请，招待；请柬
glad a. 高兴的，快活的；乐意的，情愿的
base on 基于；以……为基础；以…为根据
acquainted adj. 有知识的, 知晓的
abundance n. 丰富,充裕
famous a. 著名的
eager adj. 渴望的, 热切的
be able to 会；有能力做某事；强调有能力
cut down 砍倒; 削减; 减少; 降低
be equal to 与……相等；相当；能胜任
be fond of 喜欢；喜爱；喜好
be about to 刚要; 即将
coverage n. 涉及范围(如保险范围或储备金额)，涂层，新闻覆盖率
across prep. 横过，越过；在的对面ad. 横过，穿过
dependent " adj. 附属的,依赖的,悬垂的
n. 受经济援助者"
compose " vt. 组成, 写作, 作曲, 使镇静
vi. 创作"
clever adj. 聪明的,机灵的
combine " n. 集团,联合收割机
v. 化合,结合,联合
vi. 结合,联合
vt. 使结合,使联合"
cross off 从…划掉；叉掉；把……划去
come up 发生; 走上前来; (时间)快到
build up 增长; 积累
bring to 使复苏；使苏醒；加进
come out 出来; 出版; 发表; 显现
release " n. 释放, 让渡, 发行
vt. 释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射"
exaggerate vt. &vi. 夸大,夸张
profit n.利润；收益；利益；赢利;v.获益；得到好处；对…有用（或有益）;
regulate v.调节；控制;
survey " n. 调查; 纵览, 视察, 测量
vt. 审视, 视察, 通盘考虑, 调查; 勘测
vi. 测量, 勘测"
subway n. 地铁
suburb n. 郊区
dash " n. 冲撞,破折号,少量,短跑,冲劲
vt. 猛掷,泼溅,冲撞,匆忙
vi. 猛冲,猛撞"
comparative " adj. 比较的,相当的
n. 对手"
data n. (datum的复数)资料,数据
available adj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的，有效的
burn out 烧光; 熄灭; 疲乏
call on 看望; 拜访; 号召
account " n.账，账目； 存款； 记述，报告； 理由
vi.解释； 导致； 报账
vt.认为； 把…视作"
appear vi. 出现,显得,出版,抵达
appeal " n. 恳求, 上诉, 吸引力
n. 诉诸裁决
v. 求助, 诉请, 呼吁; 有吸引力"
arrive vi. 到达；(时间、事件)到来，发生；达到
ask after 探问; 问候; 询问
allow " vi. (for)考虑到,使可能
vt. 给予,承认,允许, 断定"
catch v. 捕捉，捕获；赶上；感染；理解，听到
check " vt.检查，核对； 制止，抑制； 在…上打勾
vi.核实，查核； 中止； 打勾； [象棋]将一军
n.<美>支票； 制止，抑制； 检验，核对"
naval adj. 海军的,军舰的
collide vi. 碰撞,互撞,砥触
identification " n. 身份的证明
n. 视为同一,证明同一,确认"
caution " n. 警告,戒备措施,慎重,吸引人眼球的物品或人
vt. 警告"
removal n. 移动, 移居, 除去
likely adj.很可能的, 合适的
oriental adj. 东方(人)的,贵重的
virtually adv. 几乎,实际上
continue v. 继续，连续，延伸
subsequence n. 随后, 随后发生的事, 结果
consequent " adj. 作为结果的, 随之发生的，合乎逻辑的
n. 推论，结论，[数]后项"
globe n. 球体，地球仪；地球，世界
external " n. 外部
adj. 外部的,外用的,客观的,表面的"
outer adj. 外部的, 外面的
race " n. 种族, 赛跑
v. 赛跑, 竞赛
n. 人种；种族"
ray n. 光线, 射线, 雷(男子名)
wondering adj.显出（或感到）惊奇，觉得奇怪，疑...
bargain n.交易；便宜货；协议；减价品;v.商讨条件;
fence n. 篱笆；围栏；剑术v. 用篱笆瓦围住；击剑
option " n.选择（的自由）； 选项； 选择权； 选择能力
vt.得到或获准进行选择； 调动球员"
adoption n. 采用, 采纳, 收养
calculation n. 计算
exception n. 除外,例外
adoption n. 采用, 采纳, 收养
abundance n. 丰富,充裕
Arctic " adj. 北极的,极寒的
n. （首字母大写时）北极圈,北极地方"
ocean n. 海洋
tuition n. 教诲,教学,学费
triumph v.战胜；成功；打败;n.巨大成功；重大成就；伟大胜利；喜悦;
spur " n. 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线,
vt. 以马刺策(马)前进, 刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺"
sponsor " n. 保证人, 赞助者
v. 发起, 赞助"
restrict v. 限制,约束
minimum " adj. 最低的, 最小的
n. 最小量, 最低限度"
nonsense n. 无意义的事,荒谬的言行,荒唐
nuclear adj. 原子核的,原子能的
retail " n. 零售
vt. 零售
adj. 零售的
adv. 以零售形式"
retain v.保留；保持；持有；继续拥有;
maximum " n. 极点, 最大量, 极大
adj. 最高的, 最大极限的"
mature " adj. 成熟的, 到期的, 充分发育的, 考虑周到的
vt. 使...成熟, 长成
vi. 长成, 成熟; 到期"
massive adj. 巨大的, 大规模的, 大量的, 大范围的
marvelous adj. 令人惊异的,了不起的,不平常的
bureau n. 局, 办公处
burden " n. 负担, 重载
v. 使负重, 装载, 烦扰"
arouse " vt. 唤醒,激发,激起
vi. 唤醒"
sorrow n. 悲衰，悲痛
simplify " v. 简化, 使单纯
vt. 简化"
sexual adj. 性的，性欲的，有性的
severe adj. 剧烈的, 严重的, 严峻的, 严厉的, 严格的
resume " v. 再继续, 重新开始
n. 简历, 履历; 摘要"
arise vi. 上升,引起,出现
treaty n.（国家之间的）条约;
thrust " n. 推力,刺,力推
vt.& vi. 插入,推挤,刺"
terror n. 恐怖，惊骇，令人惧怕或讨厌的人或事物
equation n. 相等,方程(式),等式,均衡
tempt vt. 诱惑；引起；冒…的风险；使感兴趣
temporary " adj. 暂时的,临时的
n. 临时工"
enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情
entry n. 进入,入口,登记,项目
environment n. 环境,外界
entertainment n. 娱乐
algebra n.代数学;
approximate " adj. 大约的,近似的
vt. &vi. 接近,约等于"
territory n. 领土, 版图, 领域, 范围
terminal "n. n. 终端机,终点,末端
adj. 终点的,晚期的,致死的"
seminar n. (大学的)研究班,研讨会
semester n. 学期
geography n. 地理
architecture " n. 建筑学, 建筑业, 建筑物, 结构
[总称]建筑物, 建筑风格"
opponent " n. 对手, 敌手, 反对者
adj. 敌对的, 反对的"
opportunity n. 机会, 时机
odd " adj. 奇数的,古怪的,剩余的
. 奇数"
obstacle n. 障碍,绊脚石
unique adj. 独一无二的, 独特的, 稀罕的
undertake vt. 从事,保证
vain adj. 徒然的, 虚荣的, 空虚的
repetition n. 重复,反复
remedy " n. 药物,治疗法,补救
vt. 治疗,补救,矫正"
remarkable adj. 显著的, 异常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的
decorate vt. 装饰, 装修, 授予某人奖章或其他奖状
deaf a. 聋的,不愿听的
mb " adj. 无言的, 沉默的, 哑的, 愚蠢的
vt. 使人沉默"
comedy n. 喜剧,滑稽, 幽默事件
illegal " adj. 不合法的,非法的
n. 非法移民"
humble " adj. 卑下的, 谦逊的, 粗陋的
vt. 使...卑下, 贬低"
fate " n. 命运,天意
vt. 注定"
fatal adj. 致命的, 毁灭性的, 决定性的
principal n.本金；委托人；资本；主角;adj.最重要的；主要的;
principle n. 原则, 原理, 主义, 信念
reject v.排斥；拒收；拒绝接受；不予考虑;n.废品；次品；不合格者；被剔除者;
reinforce v.加固；加强；充实；使更强烈;n.加固物;
slope n.斜坡；坡度；坡地；山坡;v.倾斜；有坡度；悄悄地走；潜行;
profitable adj. 有益的, 有用的
evil " adj. 邪恶的, 坏的
n. 邪恶, 罪恶"
shrink " n. 收缩,萎缩
vi. 收缩,退缩,萎缩
vt. 使收缩"
『伍』 2019年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案-家庭观念
2019年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案-家庭观念
[真题]
中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
[参考范文]
China‘s family concept is related to its cultural tradition。 The harmonious family used to be particularly enviable。 It’s not rare for four generations to live together in the past。 Due to this tradition， a great number of young people continued to live with their parents after marriage。 Nowadays， this tradition is changing。 With housing conditions improving， a growing number of young couples choose to live separately from their parents。 Nevertheless， the relationship between them is still quite intimate。 Many elderly people still help look after their grandchildren。 Young couples also take time to visit their parents， especially on important festivals， such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival。
以上就是关于英语四级翻译真题及其答案的分享，希望对想要考四级的小伙伴们有做帮助，想要了解更多相关内容，欢迎及时关注本平台!
『陆』 英语四级翻译真题及解析，来看!
[真题]
中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
[解析]
本篇翻译的主题是中国传统家庭观念，几乎很少涉及长难句型，主要难点在于中国特有表达的翻译，着重考察考生们的灵活处理两种语言转换的能力。
(1) 中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。
[解析]句子的主语是“中国的家庭传统观念”，核心词“观念”，“中国的”、“传统的”做定语。和……有关：be related to …
[参考答案]China‘s family concept is related to its cultural tradition。
(2) 和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。
[解析]：句子为主系表结构，时态是过去时。
令人羡慕的：enviable， admirable
[参考答案]The harmonious family used to be particularly enviable。
(3) 过去四代同堂并不少见。
[解析]：主系表结构，谓语部分“并不少见”较短的情况下，处理为itis形式主语句型，“四代同堂”是一个难点词汇，需要考生理解其中的含义，先理解为“四代人居住在一起”，翻译为： four generations live together。
[参考答案]It‘s not rare for four generations to live together in the past。
(4) 由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。
[解析]：由于：e to +名词;许多：numerous / many / a great number of ;继续做某事：continue to;时态是过去时。
[参考答案]：Due to this tradition， a great number of young people continued to live with their parents after marriage。
(5) 今天，这个传统正在改变。
[解析]主谓结构。主语(这个传统)，谓语(改变)，时态现在进行时。
[参考答案]Today， this tradition is changing。
(6) 随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。
[解析]随着… with+名词 with the improvement of housing conditions或：with+名词+非谓语动词：with housing conditions improving
越来越多：more and more/ a growing number of
[参考答案]With housing conditions improving， a growing number of young couples choose to live separately from their parents。
(7)但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。
[解析]“联系密切”即为“关系亲密”之意。考察介词短语作为后置定语，“他们之间的”处理为“between them”放在名词之后。
[参考答案]Nevertheless， the relationship between them is still quite intimate。
(7) 许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。
[解析]主语：many elderly people，“帮忙做某事”help to do sth。 / help do sth。
[参考答案]Many elderly people still help look after their grandchildren。
(9)年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
[解析]谓语动词是“抽时间”，处理为“take time to do sth。”，“春节和中秋节等重要节日”考察介词短语作为后置定语，用such as连接，传统节日的表达需要大写字母并加上冠词the
春节：the Spring Festival
中秋节：the Mid-Autumn Festival
[参考答案]Young couples also take time to visit their parents， especially on important festivals， such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival。
以上就是关于英语四级翻译真题及解析的相关分享，希望对想要考四级的小伙伴们有做帮助，想要了解更多相关内容，欢迎及时关注本平台!