vulnerable四级英语真题

① 2015年12月英语四级高频词汇

下面是我整理的2015年12月英语四级高频词汇，欢迎参考。

peer n.同龄人，同等地位的人;贵族 vi.仔细看，费力地看

典型例句：Comparing students with their peers outside university, they are more likely to have emotional problems.

译文：与大学之外的同辈人相比较而言，这些学生更有可能产生贺衡感情方面的问题。

名师导学：常考词组peer at/into(凝视);peer through(费力地看);without peer(无比的，无匹的)，peer pressure(来自同伴或同事的压力)。

想一想：peerless

Key:a.无比的，无双的，绝世的

penalty n.处罚，惩罚，罚金

历年真题：Some people argue that the death penalty does not necessarily rece the number of murders.(2006年6月词汇)

译文：一些人认为死刑并不是减少谋杀的必要手段。

名师导学：词组on/under penalty of(违者受……处罚);a penalty kick(罚球);death penalty(死刑)。

penetrate vt.透入，渗入，进入;刺穿;洞察，了解

典型例句：The nail penetrated all the way through the wood.

译文：钉子把木头钉穿。

巧记：联想记忆，p(音似：破)+ enter(看做enter进入)+ate——破入——刺穿

想一想：①penetrating ②penetration ③penetrable ④penetrant ⑤penetrative

Key:①a.尖锐的，深刻地;响亮地;聪明的，有洞察力的 ②n.穿透，渗入;敏锐，洞察力 ③a.可穿透的 ④a.透入的，透彻的 n.渗透剂 ⑤a.深入的，贯穿的;有透入力的;(冷风.等)刺骨的：(思想等)深刻的，深入人心的;敏锐的，眼光锐利的

pension n.养老金，抚恤金 vt.发给……养老金(退职金、抚恤金等)

历年真题：They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.

译文：除非他们多工作几年，否则他们拿不到全部的养老金。

名师导学：词组pension off(发给禅碧做养老金使退休);retire on a pension(领养老金退休)。

想一想：①pensioner ②pension scheme ③pensionary

Key:①n.领取养老金或抚恤金者 ②(按期缴款以后可令养老金的)养老金计划 ③领养老金(退休金)过活的 n.被金钱收买的人，帮佣

pepper n.胡椒，胡椒粉 vt.在……慧渣上撒(胡椒粉等)，使布满

典型例句：Hailstones peppered the lawn.

译文：冰雹密密地打在草坪上。

名师导学：词组take pepper in the nose/grow pepper(发怒，动气);pepper-and-salt(衣料黑白点相间的)。

想一想：①peppermint ②peppery ③pepper box/caster/castor

Key:①n.薄荷 ②a.胡椒的，胡椒似的;胡椒味的;易怒的，暴躁的 ③n.胡椒瓶/盒

paw n.爪子 v.用爪子抓，用蹄刨

典型例句：The cat pawed the mouse she had caught.

译文：猫用爪子摆弄她捉到的老鼠。

名师导学：词组a velvet(猫的肉爪;笑面虎，笑里藏刀);make somebody a cat's paw/make a cat's paw ofsomebody(利用人做爪牙);paw foot(家具的撑脚)。

巧记：联想记忆，我看见(saw)雪地上的爪子(paw)印

payment n.支付，支付的款项

典型例句：Your check has been refused payment.

译文：你的支票已被拒绝兑付。

名师导学：词组payment at full(付清);payment by installments(分期摊付);payment onaccount(分期偿还);payments on terms(定期付款);payment suspend(无力支付，宣布破产)。

巧记：pay(付钱)+ment(名词词缀)=支付

pea n.豌豆

典型例句：For supper we had chicken, mashed potatoes and peas.

译文：晚饭我们吃了鸡肉、土豆泥和豌豆。

想一想：①like two peas in a pod ②pea soup ③pea souper

Key:①一模一样;极为相像 ②豌豆汤;不中用的人 ③(尤指伦敦的)黄色浓雾

peak n.山顶，顶点 a.最大值的，高峰的 vi.达到高峰，达到最大值

历年真题：There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest.

译文：一天之中好像有几段高峰时期，在这些时期我们都处于极度荒谬可笑的状态。

想一想：①peaked ②peak-hour ③peak-load

Key:①a.尖顶的，有尖顶的;消瘦的，虚弱的 ②adj.高峰时刻的 ③n.最大负载，高峰负荷

peculiar a.奇怪的，古怪的;特有的

典型例句：These ladies have a peculiar way of life——isolated, unconventional and ready toaccept what is offered by others.

译文：这些女人有古怪的生活方式——孤僻、不合传统，乐于接受别人提供的帮助。

名师导学：常考词组be peculiar with/about sth.(对……有特殊嗜好)。

pat n.轻拍 a.非常恰当的，适时的

典型例句：There are no pat solutions to all the world'sproblems.

译文：没有合适的办法可以解决世界上所有的问题。

名师导学：a pat on the back(鼓励);pat oneself on theback(自我满足);pat(sb.)on the back(拍背表示称赞、祝贺、鼓励等)。

patch n.补丁;斑，与周围不同的部分;一小块地 vt.补，修补

典型例句：You have to patch up such a problem by yourself.

译文：这样的问题你只能自己解决。

名师导学：词组patch up(解决争吵、麻烦等;修补，草草修理);make a patch against(可与……相比);not a patch on(比……差得远，远不及);strike a bad patch(口语：倒霉);合成词patch work(拼凑成的东西，凑合物)。

patience n.忍耐，耐心

历年真题：A teacher must be capable of infinite patience.(2003年6月快速阅读)

译文：老师必须要有足够的耐心。

名师导学：词组be out of/have no patience with(对……不能忍耐：受不了);lose all(one's)patience with(对……发脾气);with patience(耐心地)。

patient n.病人，患者 a.融心的，容忍的，忍耐的

历年真题：It carries faint noises from a patient's chest to a doctor's ear.

译文：它使得来自病人胸腔的微弱声音能传到医生的耳朵里。

名师导学：a sick person泛指生病的人，而patient指接受医院或医生治疗的病人;做形容词是“耐心的”意思，常见的搭配为be patient with sth./sb.。

想一想：①in-patient ②out-patient

Key:①n.住院病人 ②n.门诊病人

pattern n.型，式样，模型 vt.仿制，使照……的样子

典型例句：Their studies revealed a consistent pattern in the history of the country's economy.

译文：他们的研究揭示了该国经济史的一贯模式。

名师导学：词组after the pattern of(仿……);pattern maker(服装设计师)。

partner n.伙伴，合伙人，搭档，配偶 vi.做……的搭档

典型例句：I can't partner with that guy.

译文：我不能跟那个家伙做搭档。

名师导学：词组a partner in crime(共犯);an actingpartner(合股人);partner for life(终身配偶)。

passion n.激情，热情，酷爱

典型例句：Hate and fear are passions.

译文：憎恨和恐惧是强烈的情感。

名师导学：词组be in a passion(愤怒，发脾气);be subject to fits of passion(动不动就发怒);break/burst into a passion of tears(突然大哭起来);fall/get into a passion(发怒，发脾气);fly into a passion(勃然大怒);have a passion for(对……有强烈的爱好);up into apassion(勃然大怒)。

巧记：pass(感觉)+ion——有感觉才有激情

passive a.被动的，消极的

历年真题：It assumes we're all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity.

译文：一般人认为在不幸面前我们都是脆弱和消极的。

巧记：词根记忆，pass(感觉)+ive(……的)——没感觉的——被动的，消极的

想一想：①active ②passivism ③passivity

Key:①a.积极的，主动的 ②n.被动的行为，被动性;消极主义 ③n.被动，被动性，消极怠工;默从，忍受;被动语态的结构

passport n.护照

名师导学：词组go without a passport<美俚>(自杀);passport to one's favor(得宠)。

paste n.浆糊 vt.粘，贴

名师导学：bean paste(豆瓣酱);tooth paste(牙膏);a man of a different paste(气质不同凡响的人)。

② 求2011年12月份英语四级的快速阅读及答案

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentence with the information given in the passage.
Why IntegrityMatters
What Is Integrity?
The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standardsfor oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also livingup to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by andfollows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be cloudedby stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.
What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? Wefeel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationshipswith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personalor professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integritymust be one of our most important goals.
Risky Business
We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, makingprocess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of characteris whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we didand then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.
Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, wecan't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules andbe aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentallyuse words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep carefulresearch notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. Butthe fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconct, Ignorance is not a defense.
"But EverybodyDoes It"
Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to foolthemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone elsedoes it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade."Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even thoughI'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’mjust checking my answers, not ing." We must be honest about our actionsand avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anythingwrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.
To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask howyou would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're takinga risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
EvaluatingRisks
To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences,in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to othersas well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus onimmolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequencesof getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment,an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact,when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others thepower to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable(脆弱的) position.There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justifysuch a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.
Getting Awaywith it - Or Not
Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an ecation. Cheating undermines confidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guiltyand afraid of getting caught.
Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheatsagain, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier."This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually,the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.
Cheating HurtsOther, Too
Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count"and don't really hurt anyone. But indivial choices have an intense cumulative(累积的) effect. Cheatingcan spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％or more of college students cheat. Ifa class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is nocurve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressuredto join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheatingalso has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeingstudents learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're tryingto teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others."The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your ecation. Finally,cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hardfor their degree.
Why IntegrityMarten
If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buyfood, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harmthat is caused when indivials forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty canhave. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and,of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrityof political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take atremendous toll on our nation's economy and our indivial well-being. For example,but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to rece thenational debt and pay for ecation.
In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to buildthe kind of world in which we want to live.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A personof integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makesthem known to others
C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitatescommunication
C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect
3. why mustwe learn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.
C. So that we don’t break any rules. D. So that we don’t run into trouble.
4. Violationof a rule is misconct even if _______?
A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed tobe unintentional.
C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to otherpeople’s advice.
C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will often become more cautious B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay more dearly B) become more confident
C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky
8. Cheatersat exam don’t care about their ecation, all they care about is how to __________.
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on ___________.
10. Many Americanslost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of __________.
1. A person ofintegrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks tothem in their daily life
B) makes themknown to others
C) understandstheir true values
D)sees thatothers also follow them
【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life
【解析】第一题的答案就在全文第一句.关键词是not only…. But also…. ，关键句是The key to integrity is consistency--not onlysetting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respectfor others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 这里的live up to 和选项里的 stick to 属于同义替换.
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps tocreate team spirit
B) Itfacilitates communication
C) It is thebasis of mutual trust
D) It inspiresmutual respect
【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust
【解析】关键词是personal and professional，关键句是Trust is essential in any important relationship,whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest orunfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
结合紧接着的问句，我们很容易锁定trust这个选项.
3. why must welearn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensurewe make responsible choices.
B. To avoidbeing overwhelmed by stress.
C. so that wedon’t break any rules.
D. so that wedon’t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】关键词是identify the risks，关键句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we'retaking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明显是A.
4. Violationof a rule is misconct even if _______?
A. it hascaused no harm.
B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
C. it has goneunnoticed.
D. it iscommitted with good intentions.
【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
【解析】关键词是misconct，关键句是But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does notexcuse the misconct. 和原文意义高度一致的，就是这个unintentional.因此答案是：B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoidmaking excuses.
B. Listen toother people’s advice.
C. Make hisintensions public.
D. Have otherswatch over his shoulder.
【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.
【解析】关键词是fool oneself，关键句是To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test这里的watch out for 和选项里的avoid属于同义替换.所以答案是A.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will oftenbecome more cautious
B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. valueimmediate benefits most.
D. may loseeverything in the end
【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.
【解析】关键词是regret later，关键句是Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediatebenefits ("what's in it for me").很明显，选项 value immediate benefits most 是正确答案.这里的value 和 focus on 属于同义替换.
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay moredearly
B) become moreconfident
C) be widelyadmired
D) feelsomewhat lucky
【答案】A) pay more dearly
【解析】关键词是get caught，关键句是Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. 这里的higher price 和选项里的more dearly 属于同义替换.所以答案是A.
8. Cheaters atexam don’t care about their ecation, all they care about is how to steal agrade.
【答案】steal a grade
【解析】关键词：care about
关键句：I'm not interested in what you're trying toteach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect onothers."
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.
【答案】honesty and good faith
【解析】关键词是rely on，关键句是We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.
10. ManyAmericans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result ofthe Watergate scandal.
【答案】the Watergate scandal
【解析】关键词是political and economic leaders，关键句是Watergate, have undermined the faith of manyAmericans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as awhole.

③ 新东方大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破 Word版

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④ 英语四六级听力原文

2021年12月英语四级听力试题原文

⑤ 求有关 金融危机 题材 的英语作文，英语四级水平的，120-150字左右，谢谢

EVEN by the standards of the worst financial crisis for at least a generation, the events of Sunday Spetember14th and the day before were extraordinary. The weekend began with hopes that a deal could be struck, with or without government backing, to save Lehman Brothers, America’s fourth-largest investment bank. It ended with Lehman’s set for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the bank preparing to wind itself up after those efforts failed. Other vulnerable financial giants scrambled to sell themselves or raise enough capital to stave off a similar fate. Merrill Lynch, the third-biggest investment bank, sold itself to Bank of America (BofA), an erstwhile Lehman suitor, in a $50 billion all-stock deal. American International Group (AIG) brought forward a potentially life-saving overhaul and went cap-in-hand to the Federal Reserve.

非本人原创

⑥ 英语四级 阅读理解 ，求题目及答案解析

四级仔细阅读答题技巧：
(1) 细节题
在做细节题时，首先应当仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具内体要求容，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。
(2) 主旨题
首先要确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置。文章的主题句通常位于首段或尾段，有时也出现在文章的中间段落。段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有时也在段落的中间。
(3) 推理题
推理题在大学英语四级考试阅读理解中是比较难的一类试题，切忌主观臆断，推理必须基于文章中的具体事实细节。做题时虽不能直接找到答案，但一定要在文中找到推测的依据，进行合理严密的推断。
(4) 观点态度题
在回答态度类问题时，对文章体裁的考查是一个非常重要的方面。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样。