英语四级语法搭配音频
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2020年12月刘晓艳团队四级词汇语法（高清视频）网络网盘
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『贰』 2021年上半年英语四级语法用法详解
【 #四六级考试# 导语】梦想在前方，努力在路上。对于考生来说，拿到证书就是我们向往的远方。以下是“2021年上半年英语四级语法用法详解”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注 ！【篇一】2021年上半年英语四级语法用法返缓尘详解
1. come 和 go 是一对反义词，come(来)所表示的方向是朝向说话者的位置，而go(去)所表示的方向是离开说话者的位置。如：come here(来这儿)，come to school(来上学)，go there(去那儿)，go to school(去上学)。
2. 两者之后均可用 and 来代替一个表目的的不定式。如：
Come and have a drink. 来喝一杯。
He went and bought some envelopes. 他去买了些信封。
3. come 之后可接不定式，表示经过某一过程而发生某一情况，常译为“开始”“渐渐地”“终于”，但是动词go不能这样用。如：
How did you come to know her? 你是怎么认识她的?
You'll come to understand your parents someday. 你总有一天会理解你的父母。
4. come 和 go 之后均可接现在分词，但有区别：
(1) come+现在分词，主要用来说明“来”的方式。如：
He came running to welcome us. 他跑过来欢迎我们。
The children came running to meet us. 孩子们跑着来迎接我们。
A large stone came flying through the window. 从窗外扔进来一块大石头。
另外，该结构还可用来谈论体育和娱乐活动，与go doing sth用法相似，只是“方向”不同。如：
Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗?
Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。
Why don't you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗?
(2) go+现在分词，漏禅表示“去做……”，这类词组大多与体育、娱乐、日常生活等有关。如：
We often go swimming together. 我们常一道去游泳。
Let's go boating this afternoon. 今天下午我们去划船吧。
He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午饭而后去买东西。
另外，该结构有时还可表示警告，用于建议做某事不好的事，此时多用于否定句。如：
Don't go saying that! 不要这样讲话!
Don't go looking for trouble, Maria. 不要去找哪拿麻烦了，玛丽亚。
You shouldn't go boasting about your achievements. 你不应当夸耀你的成就。
5. come 和 go 都可用作连系动词，表示事物状态的变化。如：
The handle has come loose. 这个把柄松了。
The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应挨饿。
两者之后所接形容词通常各有其特点，有时还可从好坏方面去区别：即 come 用于“好”的变化，go 用于“坏”的变化。如：
Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。
Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大热天鱼很容易坏。
另外，表示人的生理变化通常用 go，如go blind(变瞎)，go deaf(变聋)，go grey(两鬓渐白)等，但是go通常不与 old, ill, tired 等连用。
6. come 有时可以表示参加到对方的活动之中去(即使这种运动方向本身要求用 go)。如：
A：Will you come to see me tonight? 今晚来看我好吗?
B：Yes, I'll come. 好，我来。
A：Please come at once. Dinner is ready. 晚餐准备好了，请快来。
B：OK, I'm coming. 好，我就来。(若用 Oh, I'm going. 对方可能会理解为“噢，我要出去”。)
一般说来，在这种情况有以下3点需注意：
(1) 表示到听话人(包括收信人)那儿去，通常用 come。如：
I'll come to see you one of these days. 过几天我来看你。
(2) 邀请对方一起去某地，可用 come 或 go。一般说来，用 come含有一种自己决定要去的意味，而用 go 则含有一种请求和商量的意味。如：
Would you like to come [go] with us? 你和我们一起去好吗?
(3) 表示“我同你一起去”这样的意义时，可用 come 或 go。如：
I will come [go] with you. 我和你一起去。
【篇二】2021年上半年英语四级语法用法详解
1. Raise和rise都有“上升”的意思，记住下面2句话：
Raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，就是“某人把某物举起来”。
Rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语，也就是说“某人、某物自己升起来”。
比如：
He raised his right hand. 他举起了右手。(是他把手举起来的，所以用raise)
I raised the box above my head. 我把盒子举过了头顶。(盒子是我举起的，所以用raise)
The waves rose and fell. 波浪起起伏伏。(波浪是自己动的，所以用rise)
Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了烟。(烟也是自己飘的，所以用rise)
2. Raise和rise都有“增长”的意思，同样地：
Raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语。
Rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。
比如：
We will have to raise our fees. 我们需要提高费用。(raise后面一定要有宾语)
Prices are rising rapidly. 价格快速上涨。(rise后面一定不能有宾语)
3. 在英式英语里，raise只能作动词、不能做名词，rise既可以作动词、也可以作名词
比如：He asked for a pay rise.
在美语里，raise则可以作名词，表示“加薪”。
比如：She offered me a raise.
明白了吗?填空——>
We ___ our heads to watch the sun ___ over the bridge.
你觉得是A. raise / rise 还是B. rise / raise 呢?
We raised our heads to watch the sun rise over the bridge. 我们抬起头，望着太阳从桥上升起。(我们的头当然要我们抬起来，所以用raise;太阳是自己升升落落的，所以用rise。)
【篇三】2021年上半年英语四级语法用法详解
(1)prepare sb. for / to do sth.使某人对……作好准备
The teacher are preparing the students for the final examination.老师们正让学生准备期末考试。
The mother prepared her son to go to preschool.妈妈让儿子准备好去学前班。
(2)prepare sb. sth.为某人准备……
The host and hostress prepared us a delicious meal.主人为我们准备好美味佳肴。
(3)prepare sth. for + n. / v.-ing.(动名词)准备……，为……做准备
The peasants are preparing the ground for planting.农民们正在为栽种准备耕地。
(4)sb. prepare for sth. / to do sth.某人准备做……
The students are busy preparing for the college entrance examination.学生们正忙着准备考大学。
(5)be prepared for…为……准备，对……作好了准备，表示结果
The students are well prepared for the sports meeting.学生们为运动会做了充分准备。Prepare的用法及搭配详解
They were not prepared for the attack at all.他们根本没有预料到这次袭击。
(6)be prepared to do sth.准备好……，愿意
Always be prepared to answer questions in class.课堂上要时刻准备回答问题。
(7)be prepared against防备
We are prepared against natural disasters.我们作好预防自然灾害的准备。
『叁』 2020年12月英语四级听力音频（附真题）
12月大学英语四六级考试已经落下帷幕！
快来听听今天四级考试听力部分音频吧！注：本文只有一套听力题目和答案。
2020年12月四级听力音频
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四级听力真题：
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear threenews reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you heara question. you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through she centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.
1.A) A deadly fish has been spotted in theMediterranean waters.
B) Invasive species are driving away certainnative species.
C) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat ofDevil Firefish.
D) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
2.A) It could add to greenhouse emissions.
B) It could disrupt the food chains there.
C) It could pose a threat to other marine species.
D) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.
3.A) cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
B) About half of its city center will be closedto cars.
C) Buses will be the only vehicles allowed onits streets.
D)Pedestrians will have free access to the city.
4.A) The rising air pollution in Paris.
B) The worsening global warming.
C The ever-growing cost of petrol.
D) The unbearable traffic noise.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.
5.A) Many of his possessions were stolen.
B) His house was burnt down in a fire.
C) His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.
D) His good luck charm sank into the sea.
6.A) Change his fishing locations.
B) Find a job in a travel agency.
C) Spend a few nights on a small island
D) Sell the pearl he had kept for years
7.A) A New Year museum
B) The largest pearl in the world weighs
C) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
D) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you will heartwo long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear fourquestions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversationyou have just heard.
8.A) It boasts a fairly long history.
B) It proces construction materials.
C) It has 75 offices around the world.
D)It has over 50 business partners.
9.A) It has about 50 employees.
B) It was started by his father.
C) It has a family business.
D) It is over 100 years old.
10.A) Shortage of raw material supply.
B) Legal disputes in many countries.
C) Outdated proct design.
D) Loss of competitive edge.
11.A) Concting a financial analysis forit.
B) Providing training for its staff members.
C) Seeking new ways to increase is exports.
D) Introcing innovative marketingstrategies.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversationyou have just heard.
12.A) She is a real expert at house decorations.
B) She is well informed about the designbusiness.
C) She is attracted by the color of thesitting room.
D) She is really impressed by the man’shouse.
13.A) From his younger brother Greg.
B) From home design magazines.
C) From a construction businessman.
D) From a professional interior designer.
14.A) The effort was worthwhile.
B) The style was fashionable.
C) The cost was affordable.
D) The eft was unexpected.
15.A) She’d like him to talk with Jonathan abouta new project.
B) She wants him to share his renovation experiencewith her
C) She wants to discuss the house decorationbudget with him.
D)She’d like to show him around her newly-renovatedhouse.
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Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear threepassages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from your choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single linethrough the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
16.A) Providing routine care for small children.
B) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.
C) Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.
D) Removing objects from patients’ noses andears.
17.A) Many children like to smell thingsthey find or play with.
B) Many children like to put foreignobjects in their mouths.
C) Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likelyto put things in their ears.
D) Children aged one to four are often morecurious than older children.
18.A) They tend to act out of impulse.
B) They want to attract attentions.
C) They are unaware of the potential risks.
D) They are curious about these body parts.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
19.A) It paid for her English lessons.
B) It gave her a used bicycle.
C) It delivered her daily necessities.
D) It provided her with physical therapy.
20.A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.
B) Asking local people for donations.
C) Providing free public transport.
D) Offering walking tours to visitors.
21.A) It is a language school.
B) It is a charity organization.
C) It is a counseling center.
D) It is a sports club.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
22.A) How mice imitate human behavior aspace.
B) How low gravity affects the human body.
C) How mice interact in a new environment.
D) How animals deal with lack of gravity.
23.A) They were not use to the low-gravityenvironment.
B) They found it difficult to figure outwhere they were.
C) They found the space in the cage toosmall to stay in.
D) They were not sensitive to the changedenvironment.
24.A) They tried everything possible toescape from the cage.
B) They continued to behave as they did inthe beginning.
C) They already felt at home in the newenvironment.
D) They had found a lot more activities toengage in.
25.A) They repeated their activities everyday.
B) They behaved as if they were on Earth.
C) They begin to eat less after some time.
D) They changed their routines in space.
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四级听力答案：
1. A. A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
2. C. It could pose a threat to other marine species.
3. B. About half of its city center will be closed to cars.
4. A. The rising air pollution in Paris.
5. B. His house was burnt down in a fire.
6. D. Sell the pearl he had kept for years.
7. C. His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
8. A. It boasts a fairly long history.
9. C. It is a family business.
10. D. Loss the competitive edge.
11. A. Concting a financial analysis for it.
12. D. She is really impressed by the man’s house.
13. B. From home design magazines.
14. C. The cost was affordable.
15. B. She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.
16. D. Removing objects from patients’ noses and ears.
17. C. Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.
18. D. They are curious about these body parts.
19. B. It gave her a used bicycle.
20. A. Expanding bike-riding lessons.
21. B. It is a charity organization.
22. D. How animals deal with lack of gravity.
23. A. They were not used to the low-gravity environment.
24. C. They already felt at home in the new environment.
25. B. They behaved as if they were on Earth.
祝大家顺利通过考试~
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『肆』 大学英语四级常用的语法
有关大学英语四级常用的语法精选
大学英语四级常用语法精选(12)
Ⅴ 连词
并列连词
表示意义的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示选择: or, either…or
表示转折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可认为是副词)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
从属连词
表示时间: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示条件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他关系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定语从句
限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定语从句的引导词
that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that, 但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which.. 当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的'，总体的
in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(3)
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(2)
短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(1)
非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)
当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]
现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
2016大学英语四级听力10大常考场景总结（4）
场景四：购物
1.采购衣服
必备词汇表
size 型号 come in all sizes 号全
2.采购电器
必备词汇表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 减少
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