英语四级常用介词固定搭配
大学英语四级词汇与语法和完形填空题以考查各类词组和固定搭配为重点，这些词组和搭配在阅读理解、翻译和写作中也有重要作用，所以这里将各类词组以词性为中心加辩旅以分类，以便帮助大家学习和记忆。这些词组和固定搭配不仅在四、六级考试中至关重要，研究生入学英语考试中它们也是考查重点。
一、名词词组和固定搭配
1.介词+名词
by accident 偶然
on account of 因为，由于，为了……的缘故
in addition to 另外，加之
in addition 除…之外（还）
in the air 流传中
on （the／an） average 按平均值，通常
on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上
at best 充其量棚镇，至多
for the better 好转，向好的方向发展
on board 在船（车或飞机）上
out of breath 喘不过气来
on business 因公，因事
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in case of 假如，如果发生；防备
in case 假使，以防（万一）
in no case 决不，无论如何不
by chance 偶然，碰巧
in charge （of） 负责，管理
（a）round the lock 日夜不停地
in common 共用的，共有的
in conclusion 最后，总之
on condition （that） 如果
in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为
on the contrary 正相反
in contrast with／to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
2.动词+名词
have／gain access to 可以获得
take…into account 考虑到，顾及，体谅
take advantage of 占…的便宜，利用
pave the way （for） 铺平道路，为…作准备
pay attention to 注意
do／try one‘s best 尽力，努力
get／have the best of 战胜
make the best of 充分利用
get／have the better of 战胜，在…中占上风
catch one‘s breath 屏息；喘气，气喘；歇口气
take care 注意，当心
take care of 爱护，照料
take a chance 冒险，投机
take charge 开始管理，接管
keep…company 陪伴
take （a） delight in 以…为乐
make a difference 有影响，起（重要）作用
carry／bring／put into effect 使生效，实行，实现
come／go into effect 生效，实施
take effect 生效，起作用
catch sb‘s eye 被某人看到，引起某人注意
keep sb‘s head 保持镇静
in the world 究竟，到底
lose sb‘s head 慌乱，仓皇失措
lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心
get／catch／take hold of 抓住，得到
keep house 管理家务
throw／cast light on／upon 使人了解，链灶粗阐明
bear／keep in mind 记住
have in mind 考虑到，想到
make up one‘s mind 下定决心，打定主意
bring／put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行
Ⅱ 大学英语四级高频词汇搭配总结
新四六级词汇综合部分的关键考点，来自于以往历年真题所重复考到的词汇搭配。为帮助考生在短期内做到有效地复习积累，现总结如下：
英语词汇的搭配能力很强。一动词与一介词连用，就会组成一个意义与这个动词和介词不同的动词短语。英语中有着丰富的动词短语、介词短语和形容词短语，尤其是动词短语，数量多而又不能顾名思义。短语辨析题考查考生对大纲要求的动词短语、介词短语和形容词短语的掌握程度，也是考生普遍感到困难的题型。若想掌握好这些短语，除了平时要注意积累，同时还应多用、多联想。某个短语我们用多了，接触多了，自然就会把它给记住、掌握好。接触到某个短语，我们不妨把它同与其有一定联系的短语联系起来。例如，看到foul up（把……弄糟），我们可联想到同义短语mess up；看到first and foremost（首要的），我们可联想到above all和first of all。
此外，还要尽可能地摸索一些理解或记忆的规律，这主要是针对介滚橘茄词或副词而言的。一般说来，短语的含义与短语中的介词或副词有着密切关系。
例如，off表示"离开"，所以就有clear off（使走开），come off（从……离开），keep off（使离开，不接近），set off（动身前往），make off（逃跑），take off（起飞），turn off（避开困难、问题等）。由"离开"之意又可引申为"（使）消失、消除、解除"，如 call off（取消），clear off（消除、摆脱烦恼或负担），lay off（停止工作或活动，暂时解雇），pass off（疼痛消失），sell off（廉价处理存货）。由"消失"等意又进一步引申出"（使）结束，完结"，如break off（断绝关系，停止讲话）， come off（结束），cut off（切断），turn off（关闭）等。
下面具体举真题为例，向大家详细分析：
【例1】They have decided to physical punishment in all local schools．（CET-6，2002．6） A）put away B）break away from C）do away with D）pass away
【分析】答案为C。根据题干我们可以推测句意应为"他们已经决定在当地所有学校中废除体罚"。do away with意为"废除，取消"，正合题意；put away意为"把收起，收好，贮存"；break away from意为"突然改变，放弃，大察背离"；pass away多为不及物用法，意为"停止，去世"。
【例2】The wood was so rotten that when we pulled，it into fragments．（CET-6，2000．1） A）broke away B）broke off C）broke up D）broke through
【分析】答案为C。break up意为"打碎，破裂，分裂"，正合题意；本句意为"木头烂成这样，以至于我们一拉，它就变成了碎片"；break away意为"逃跑（尤指突然的行为），分离"；break off意为"终止"，也含突然之意；break through意为"穿越，突破"。
【例3】
I don't think that this question is subordinate the main aim ofour company．（CET-6，1996．1） A）with B）to C）for D）on
【分析】答案为B。介词to经常见于表示"服从；遭受"意义的短语，如：be subject to（使服从，使遭受），be subordinate to（服从的，从属于的），yield to（投降，听从，服从），submit to（使服从，甘受），bend to（使服伍州从），comform to（遵照，遵守）等。
【例4】
Astronauts are all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a spacecraft．（CET-6， 2002．6） A）inclined to B）subjected to C）prone to D）bound to
【分析】答案为B。be subjected to指"接受，经受，遭受"，符合题意。又如：The students were subjected to an examination．（学生们要经受一次考试。）be inclined to意为"易于，倾向于"；be prone to意为"易于"；be bound to意为"一定会，注定"。
Ⅲ 大学英语四级常用语法
大学英语四级常用语法
被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不带to 的不定式:
在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.
John made her tell him everything.
这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.
She was made to tell him everything.
在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的`某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的
in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。
;Ⅳ 大学英语四级考试固定搭配词汇讲解
大学英语四级考试固定搭配词汇讲解
一、以动词为中心词的固定搭配
1．动词＋名词／代词＋介词
Thoughherparents＿＿hermusicalability，Jerrilou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible．
A）pourscornonB）heappraiseuponC）giveventtoD）castlightupon
【解析】B）。四个以动词为中心词的固定搭配的意思分别是：A）pourscornon以鄙夷的口气说；B）heappraiseupon对……大加赞扬；C）giveventto发泄，倾吐；D）castlightupon使……清楚些。B）符合句意。句意为：尽管杰丽欧的父母对她的音乐才能大加赞扬，但她钢琴弹得实在太差。
．Don’tletyourattentionwander．你要专心听老师讲课，不要开小差。
这类固定搭配多是以keep，make，get，take等几个"万能动词"为中心词，常见的这类搭配有：keepaneyeon（留心，照料），makeanendof（结束），takeadvantageof（利用），getridof（摆脱，除去）等。
2倍词＋介词to＋doingsth．
因为to既可以是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形，又可以是介词，后面接名词或动名词，所以两者常常容易混淆，这也是四级考试的常见项目。例如：
＿＿＿＿amatchwithoutastandardcourt．
A）objectedtohavingB）wereobjectedtohave
C）objectedtohaveD）wereobjectedtohaving
【解析】A）。objecttodoingsth．是固定搭配，其中to为介词，意思是"反对（做）……"。句意为：比赛取消了，因为大多数人反对在没有标准球场的情况下举行比赛。
这类固定搭配常见的有：amountto（等于），applyto（运用于，应用），objectto（反对），resortto（采取），taketo（着手，开始），seeto（留意），admitto（承认）等。
3倍词＋名词（反身代词）＋to＋doing
．我们应该不遗余力地使我们国家富强起来。
此外还有：loseone’sheartto（专心致志于），turnone’sattentionto（把注意力转到），devoteoneselfto（献身，热爱），setone’smindto（一心想要）等。
二、以名词为中心词的固定搭配
1．名词＋介词
Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather＿＿＿tothenewswouldbe．
A）impressionB）reactionC）commentD）opinion
【解析】B）。本题考查名词与介词的固定搭配。选项中的四个名词只有B）reaction可以与介词to搭配。reactionto意为"对……的反应"。句意为：很难猜测她对这一消息会有什么反应。
这类"名词＋介词"的搭配常见的有：introctionto（对……的介绍），interestin（对……的兴趣），influenceon（对……的影响），impressionof（对……的印象）等。
2．介词＋名词
Childrenareverycurious＿＿＿＿
A）atheartB）inpersonC）onpurposeD）bynature
【解析】D）。本题考查以名词为中心词的固定搭配的辨义。四个选项的意思分别是：A）atheart内心里；B）inperson本人，亲自；C）onpurpose故意地；D）bynature天生地。根据题意选D）。句意为：孩子天生好奇。
这类"介词＋名词"的搭配常见的有：byaccident（偶尔），onty（值班），infact（事实上），onfoot（步行）等。
3．介词＋名词＋介词
Willallthose＿＿＿theproposalraisetheirhands？
A）inrelationtoB）incontrasttoD）inexcessofD）infavorof
【解析】D）。本题考查四个以名词为中心词的搭配的辨义。四个短语的.意思分别是：A）inrelationto和……相关；B）incontrastto与……形成对照；C）inex-cessof超过；D）infavorof赞成，支持。根据题意应选D）。句意为：赞成这项提议的人，请举手好吗？
这类"介词＋名词＋介词"的搭配常见的有：bywayof（经由），inadditionto（除……之外），inreplyto（答复），onthebasisof（根据）等。
4．动词＋名词
＿＿＿＿．
A）takeseffectB）takespartC）takesplaceD）takesturns
【解析】A）。本题考查四个"动词＋名词"的固定搭配的辨义。四个短语的意思分别是：A）takeseffect生效，起作用；B）takespart参加；C）takesplace发生，举行；D）takesturns轮流，依次。根据句意应选A）。句意为：我们校长的新任期从下学期一开始就生效。
这类"动词＋名词"的搭配常见的有：takecare（小心），makeaface（做鬼脸），makesense（言之有理）等。
;Ⅳ 英语四级语法基础知识必备（07）
全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:
Here are some registered letters for you.
In came a man with a white beard.
在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.
Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.
“We must start for the work-site now”. “So must we.”
I am quite willing to help and so are the others.
He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.
“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”
“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
当句首状语为never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
No longer are they staying with us.
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.
表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.
There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn.
1.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
There comes your turn.
有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:
Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
Here are some picture-books.
2.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
Here we are. This is the new railway station.
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”
3.表语和系动词提前:
介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
形容词: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
副词: Below is a restaurant.
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
4 句首状语若由only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
vipabc费用
主谓一致
【专项训练】
1、Nothing but cars in the shop.
A.is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell
2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are known
3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A.is B.are C.comes D.are coming
4、of the money used up.
A.Three-five, are B.Three-fifths, have been
C.Three-fifths, has been D.Third-fifths, is
5、The number of the people who cars increasing.
A.owns, are B.owns, is C.own, is D.own, are
6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.
A.was B.were C.would be D.are
7、The sheets for your bed washing.
A.needs B.are needing C.want D.are wanting
8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A.stands B.grow C.is standing D.are grown
9、Some person calling for you at the gate.
A.are B.is C.is being D.will be
10、All that can be eaten up.
A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been
参考答案：
1、A 因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。
2、B 同上
3、B
4、C
5、C 定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。
6、A
7、C
8、B 倒装句，要看后面的主语。
9、B some person指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解13。
10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。
新东方英语培训费用
被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用: 不定式可以作主语(a), 宾语(b), 表语(c), 定语(d) 或是状语(e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不带to 的不定式:
在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.
John made her tell him everything.
这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.
She was made to tell him everything.
在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
连词rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
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