英语四级作文详解
作文整体分类，不同作文类型不同对待
英语考试作文看起来每年都会出不同的题型，毫无章法可言，而事实上这其中却是有共性的，通过总结归类，我们发现英语考试的作文大体可以分为问题解决型、正反论型、图表作文和书信作文这几类。其中所谓的书信作文，无非就是在前三类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。而其他几类作文也有自己固定的模式和套路，老师会再针对每种作文类型给出意见。
问题解决型作文三步曲
由字面意思来看，问题解决型顾名思义就是宽猛询问考生针对这个问题或现象，你有什么好的方式解决它，这类作文在写作的时候要围绕三个步骤来展开，首先是根据题目提出文章要讨论的问题；其次，针对这个问题考生要分析它出现的原因以及带来的后果；最后一步就是考生要提出解决问题的措施。这样一篇问题解决型的作文就大功告成了。
正反论型作文由争论得出自己的观点
正反论型的作文在英语考试中是考查可能性的一种，这种作文写作起来模式基本固定，通常是考生首先要提出题目给出的争论，然后阐述针对这个争论一方观点是什么；其次是阐述另一方不同的观点；最后是要考生提出自己的慎亩桥观点，然后全文就算完成了。
图表作文提出问题或者预测趋势
图标类的作文一般是要考生看图根据提示写作文，并且要有自己的观点，这类作文要注意不要偏离主题，考生在写作时首先要简单描述一下图表给我们的直观内容；其次要分析这个问题或现象出现的原因以及存在的后果；最后要提出一些解决措施或预测趋势、影响也或者自己的观点耐态等等。
⑵ 英语四级作文及翻译
【英语四级作文范文一】
There is no exaggeration in saying that when it comes to the choice after graating from university, people who are standing at the crossroads may have different ideas. Some people may choose to further their study, while others may want to go abroad. Facing the choices of working in a state-owned business and a joint venture, I would like to choose the former one.
The reasons are listed as following. At the top of the list, it is an undeniable factthe state-owned business can provide a stable life for me , so I can spend more time with my parents without worrying about other things. Additionally, we must admit that if I work in a state-owned business, I will work re-laxly and without much pressure.That is what I want. In line with a survey concted by authorities concerned on the web, nearly two thirds of people interviewed like to make the same choice as me.
In a word, if I can work in a state-owned business, I think, I will have a happy life.
【参考翻译】
毫不夸张的说，当谈到大学毕业之后的选择时，那些站在人生十字路口的人们有着不同的看法，有些人会选择继续深造，有些人则选择出国留学。于我而言，当我面临在国企和合资企业工作的选择时，我会选择前者。
原因如下。首先，一个不可否认的事实是：国企能够为我提供一个稳定的生活，这样的话我就有更多的时间来陪我的家人，而无需担心其他事情。此外，我们必须承认一点：如果我在国企工作，那我的工作将会很轻松，没有什么压力。这也是我所梦想的生活方式。和微博上的相关部门进行的调查相一致的是，大约有三分之二的受访人们将会和我作出一样的选择。
总之，我想，如果我能在国企里工作，我将会过的很幸福。
【英语四级作文范文二】
For undergraates college students, deciding what to do upon graation can be a tough decision to say the least. From my point of view, I prefer to launch a business. My choice can be attributed to the following two driving forces.
For one thing, I want to start my own business because I love do what I love. In my own business, I will be more than passionate to plan, organize and execute my favorite project.For another thing, running my own business, I can accumulate rich experience, which is not only valuable to problem-solving but also critical to career development. While the risk of failing is real, what is important part is the lesson learned.
Actually, when in comes time for university graates to decide their next step in life, there is no on right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each students must reach his or her own conclusion.
【参考翻译】
对于本科生来说，决定毕业工作之后做什么毫不夸张的说是一个艰难的决定。从我个人而言，我更喜欢创业。以下两点原因可以解释我的选择。
一方面，我是因为想做自己喜欢的事情才选择创业。自己创业时，会投入极大的热情对于自己喜欢的项目进行计划、组织和执行。另一方面，通过创业，可以积累丰富的`工作经验，而工作经验对于问题解决还是职业发展都是非常有必要的。虽然失败的风险是真是的，但是重要的是从中吸取教训。
事实上，大学毕业之际，每个人在决定人生中的下一步时无所谓对和错。更恰当的说，每个学生都必须做出自己的选择。
对于本科生来说，决定毕业工作之后做什么毫不夸张的说是一个艰难的决定。从我个人而言，我更喜欢创业。以下两点原因可以解释我的选择。
一方面，我是因为想做自己喜欢的事情才选择创业。自己创业时，会投入极大的热情对于自己喜欢的项目进行计划、组织和执行。另一方面，通过创业，可以积累丰富的工作经验，而工作经验对于问题解决还是职业发展都是非常有必要的。虽然失败的风险是真是的，但是重要的是从中吸取教训。
事实上，大学毕业之际，每个人在决定人生中的下一步时无所谓对和错。更恰当的说，每个学生都必须做出自己的选择。
⑶ 2020年12月大学英语四级作文写作角度
【 #四六级考试# 导语】有时候，你必须一个人走，这不是孤独，而是选择。我们时时刻刻都在选择，你选择过什么样的生活就需要付出什么样的代价。以下为差胡虚“2020年12月大学英语四级作文写作角度”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注 ！【篇一】2020年12月大学英语四级作文写作角度
(1) we have been always considering sth (recreational activities) as something to relax ourselves or something that can add c3olor to the ll routine of every day life.
我们一直认为娱乐活动可以让我们放松，可以为我们每天枯燥的生活增添一些色彩。
(2) Sth will make our life more enjoyable, that is to say, sth can add color to the ll routine of every day life.
Sth可以使我们的生活更加有乐趣，也就是说，sth为我们每天枯燥的生活增添了一些色彩。
(3) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment
n 对大多数人来讲，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源
(4)Furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.
而虚燃且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。
(5) sth, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
Sth 很有建设意义的占据了人们的空余时间，使得人们很满足，进而没有时间来觉得无聊。
(6)Sth does not occupy students’ too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a ll boy.
Sth 不会占据学生太多的时间.实际上让他们把所有的时间都花在学习上也是不健康的，就如一句俗话所说：劳逸结合。
(7)What‘s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.
而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于做物学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。
(8)Furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.
而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。
【篇二】2020年12月大学英语四级作文写作角度
(1)Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.
逐渐的，我们的知识会得到增加，我们的视野将会大大的拓宽。
(2)For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老
(3)The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
(4)Many parents believe that additional ecational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
(5)By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
(6)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
(7)In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Ecational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
n 首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。
【篇三】2020年12月大学英语四级作文写作角度
(1)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that some certain sports contribute directly to our health by giving us some physical exercises.
现在越来越多的人开始相信体育锻炼能有助于身体健康。
(2)As a matter of fact, travel has become part of our life. This situation is encouraging, for it not only broadens people''''s minds to the extend which may not be reached previously, but also relaxes them physically, which help people work out mental problems more actively.
实际上，旅行已经成为我们生活的一个部分，这样的情形是喜人的，因为旅行不仅可以拓宽人们的视野达到之前没有达到的范围，而且还可以在身体上得到放松，这能使人们更加积极的克服心理问题。
(3) Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
n 污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。
n Some of the…are poisonous and dangerous to health.
(4)Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
n 环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
(5)…Under considerable pressure from… therefore…will only add to their burden.
在这样的压力之下，所以会增加他们的负担。
(6) I see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from ecation, family and career. It is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. I think people should relax. It is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.
我能看到今天人们身上的三种压力，教育的压力，家庭和职业的压力。学校所收学费太贵，家庭成员负担过重，来自社会的激烈竞争。我认为人们应该放松，他们他们来说，在任何环境下保持一个好的情绪是很重要的。
(7)Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers e to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。
⑷ 2021年12月英语四级作文必背范文5篇
要写出一篇优秀的誉圆橘四级作文，平时要养成积累和运用的好习惯。下面是为大家整理的有关英语四级作文必背范文参考庆团，希望对你们有帮助。腔毁
英语四级作文范文积累
范文1：Certificates Craze on Campus
In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly, ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind.
Why does this craze appear? There are two mainly reasons behind this phenomenon. First, it is the employments pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of
colleges, a large more graates have to face the fierce competition in the job markets. How can one make himself more competitive, more certificates at hands maybe. Second, the diplomas and certificates are still important standard by which many employers measure a person’s ability in order to increase qualification for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.
Form my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability, being crazy in getting certificates blindly. It is nothing but wasting time. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.
范文2：Online Games
As a proct of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much inlged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents.
However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly.
From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if college students play them in a reasonable way. When they interfere too much with their study, it is better for to give them up at once. Yet if youngsters have enough self-control over them, they can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.
范文3： Extravagant spending on college campus
According to a survey, in recent years, the monthly expenditure of a college student has been on the sharp rise. Many college students spend money like water and have no concept of thrift in their mind. They take it for granted that they spend money from their parents before they enter into society.
This extravagant spending is mainly caused by the following factors: First of all, nowadays, most students are the only children of their families. They are the apple in their family's eyes and naturally get more care and pocket money. Secondly, with the improvement of living standards, parents can afford higher expenditures of their children. Thirdly, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tends to need more money. Finally,campus love is also a possible factor causing extravagant spending.
Form my point of view, a college student as a pure consumer should learn to be thrifty we should limit our expenditure on barely necessities but not buy whatever we want, regardless of their prices. The habit of thrift can help us form right values and is favorable to our future development.
范文4：Certificate Craze on Campus
In recent years, to get a certificate Why does this craze appear?
To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. How can one make himself more competitive? More certificates at hand, maybe. Furthermore, diploma and certificates are still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability. In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.
From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is nothing but wasting time. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.
范文5：camera club
Welcome to the camera club. With the sponsor of the student’s union, the camera club has been set and served all the students for 15 years. Many wonderful activities are organized and arranged in our club. As is expected by all, the training on how to make the best use of the camera to provide a wonderful picture is open to all new members. Besides we will organize traveling activities at times, ring which the participants have the chance to show the pictures, as well as enjoy beautiful scenery. In addition, photo contests will be held is the opportunities to show your progress. We have good reasons to believe that all these activities are quite beneficial to both your study and life, not only can they help you improve your camera technique, but also enrich your college life greatly. Moreover by participating in the traveling activities and photo contests, you can be close to the nature and broaden your views. Anyone who is interested in photography welcome warmly. What you need to do is just to call us at 62514479 or email us at cameraclub.
英语四级作文写作技巧
一、长短句原则。在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉。文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则。建议各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然。
三、一二三原则。考官们看文章会通过关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。推荐句式：
1、to begin with, then, furthermore, finally；
2、to start with, next, in addition, finally；
3、first and foremost, besides, last but not least。
四、短语优先原则。写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，会使文章增加亮点。
五、多实少虚原则。写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。
⑸ 2021年12月英语四级必背作文及模板3篇
2021年12月英语四级考试将在12月18日进行。作文是考试中很重要的一梁晌陵部分，下面分享一些英语四橡戚级作文作文预测及范文，供大家参考。
英语四级作文参考范文
反对盗版
1.你的看法
2.原因
范文：My Views on Knockoffs
As is vividly depicted in the picture, the bears are painted to look like pandas. This picture reminds us of a social phenomenon that China is now suffering from an overflow of various knockoffs in the market.
Various knockoffs are so widespread in our market that almost everybody has frustrating experiences of buying them. Then, what should we do? In my view, it's our obligation to support authentic procts and fight against knockoffs. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, we should support ingenuity and originality as well as authentic procts, which are based on creativity.
Secondly, knockoffs represent plagiarism in design and proction. Thirdly, support for authentic procts and fighting against knockoffs can help form a fine competitive atmosphere in our society so as to promote the comprehensive progress of the instry and the society.
In conclusion, we have every reason to fight against knockoffs and support ingenuity and creativity.
收入差距
1.收入差距悬殊是当前社会的一种现象
2.人们对之褒贬不一谨肆
3.我的看法
参考范文：
Now the income gap is getting wider and wider. In some privately owned firms, joint-ventures, or foreign-fund companies, an executive's yearly income is ten times or even a hundred times as much as an ordinary worker's.
Faced with this situation, people will undoubtedly have different opinions. Some believe that it benefits the social and economic development since driving force is often derived from the gap. In other words, the gap inspires people and gives a push to advancement. Others speak of its side effect: income gap is often the root of social unrest and also contrary to our country's principle.
From my point of view, while it is true that the income gap may stimulate the social development to some extent, it causes trouble as well. An income gap that is too wide for most people to bear can neither contribute to the stability of a country nor promote its economic development. Therefore, while we are advocating the rapid development of our country, we should tolerate the narrow income gap but narrow the wide one.
绿色食品
1.绿色食品现在越来越受到消费者的青睐;
2.为什么绿色食品如此受欢迎;
3.绿色食品将有更大的发展空间。
参考范文：
Popularity of Green Food
Due to its high-quality and original tastes, green food appeals to more consumers. From supermmarkets to chain stores, green food is found everywhere.
Why is green food so popular even though its price is usually higher than other food? On the one hand, recently a series of issues on food safety makes customers disturbed and anxious. In order to have the reliable food, more housewives opt to select green food for their family. Green food has been labeled as a kind of healthy, delicious and fashionable food. This is perhaps the most important reason for the popularity of green food. On the other haod, with the advance in living standard, people will pay more attention to the quality of food and their raised income is enough to cover the expenditure of food with a comparatively high price.
With the development of the society, green food is certainly to hold a larger portion in the market. In the near future, people will be accustomed to enjoy the fresh vegetable, fruits and cereals without pesticide resies, artificial feed and contarnination.
英语四级作文通用模板
1、讨论观点类文章：
Nowadays,there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon that_ .
如今，人们越来越关注这种现象——（这是第一步，提出观点。）
Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____, others argue that __________.
不同的人有不同的观点，一些人认为——，其他人认为——（继续观点。）
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________.
就我而言，我同意这样的观点——。首先，我坚信——。另外，——。想想——。（论证观点。）
Taking all these factors into consideration（Form what has been discussed above）,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
把所有这些因素考虑进去（形成上面已经考虑过的），我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论——。除非——我们可以——，正如俗话说的，——。（以此结束论点。）
2、提出问题类作文：
It is quite natural for ________to ponder over the question of whether to _______________.
Many _________will choose not to______________,generally for three reasons.On the one hand,___________.On the other hand,______________.Most importantly,__________.Nevertheless, oher people adopt a completely different view,thinking that_____________.
Moreover,（此外） they further argue that___________.
From what we have discussed above,we can draw the conclusion that the question quite depends on personal choice.In my own eyes,________.
3、评论反驳类作文：
Until recently most people hold hostile attitudes towards_______.Some people view it as_____________while others consider it____________.
Recent research,however,shows that___________is of great benefit in many respects._________,scientists tell us,_____________.Surprisingly enougu,____________also_______.The most remarkable thing about_______is that_______.
Now we can draw the conclusion that_______.I strongly advocate that we should make good use of it to_________.
4、解决办法类作文：
If the Chinese people even want to improve their life quality, the problem of __________ has to be solved. With more and more people _______, this problem is becoming more and more serious in terms of scale and scope.
First of all,_________. What’s more,__________. Only when all the people stop pursuing personal interests at the price of ________ can we hope to put an end to this unfavorable situation.
The _________ is of great importance to every member of our society. As long as the government, society and indivials make joint efforts, a sound solution is not far away.
⑹ 大学英语四级写作要求与技巧
大学英语四级写作要求与技巧
四级作文的字数要求一般是不少于120字。要在30分钟的时间内，达到这些要求，没有一套行之有效的方法显然是不行的。那么下面就和我一起来看看有什么好方法吧。
一、审题
1.审体裁(议论文，说明文，描述文)
审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢?它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如：
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic
Trying to Be A Good University Student。
You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
做合格大学生的必要性
做合格大学生的必备条件(可以从德智体方面谈)
很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，
第一段要求写“„必要性”，则是议论文;
第二段要求写“„必备条件”，则要求写说明文;
第三段要求写“„这样做”，则要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。
2.确定相应的写作方法
我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式：议论文：要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样(这是从正面论述);不能做合格的大学生，又会怎么样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)。说明文：可以从几方面来说明一个问题，可以从德智体三方面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相呼应进行描述。
二、确定主题句
审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能帮助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的'方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为：
It is very necessary to be a good university student。(议论体的主题句) There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student。(说明体的主题句)
What I will do in the future is the following。(描述体的主题句)
三、组织段落
确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。许多考生真正犯难的也是这一步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量，丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时，语法和词汇都是最基本的。然而，组织段落的能力也是尤为重要的(接下来的连贯与衔接部分，我们更为详细的为大家讲解)。行文时，不只是提供一些information,还要学会运用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, descriptions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。
四、连贯与衔接
1.列举法
列举的模式通常是
主题句
----example 1
----example 2
----example 3
列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, take„as an example, to illustrate 等词语。
Nonverbal communication, or "body language，" is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture are very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is Ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal。
2.分类法
一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。
There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library。
First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file canned the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks。
Second, there are reference works, which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself。
Third, there are periodicals- magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are filed
alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library. 分类时常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third„
3. 因果关系
在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。
Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad. They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities. They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat. Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure。
因果关系常用语汇：
because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in
4.比较法
主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。
Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time。
So don’t be impatient. Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day。
常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and„ too, in the same way, in a like manner
5.举例法
列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想， 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。
Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient,
especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously
ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon。
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