初中英语的八大时态怎么用

❶ 初中英语常用的八大时态有哪些

人合教育老师留

英语的时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时
1．一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理．句中常用 often，usually，every day等时间状语。例如：
He goes to school every day．(经常性动作)
He is very happy．(现在的状态)
The earth moves around the sun．(真理)
2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来．例如：
If you come this afternoon，we' ll have a meeting．
When I graate，I’ll go to the countryside.
3)有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作，(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如 begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等．例如：
The meeting begins at seven.
The train starts at nine in the morning．
4)表示状态和感觉的动词，如 be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound等常用一般现在时．例如：
I like English very much.
The story sounds very interesting.
5)书报的标题，小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时．
2．一般过去时的用法
l)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作．
He saw Mr Wang yesterday.
He worked in a factory in 1986
2）表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to”和“would +动词原形”。例如：
I used to smoke.
During the vacation I would swim in the sea.
注意；used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外？“to be used to +名词（动句词）“表示”习惯于……。例如
I am used to the climate here.
He is used to swimming in winter．
3.一般将来时的用法
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“ will或 shall十动词原形”外，还有以下几种形式．
l)“ to be going to十动词原形”，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事．例如：
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today．
2) go，come，start，move，sail，leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作．例如:
I’m leaving for Beijing.
3)“be to十动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见．例如：
Are we to go on with this work?
The boy is to go to school tomorrow．
4)“ be about to十动词原形”表示即将发生的动作。例如：
We are about to leave．
5)某些词，如 come，go，leave，arrive，start等的一般现在时和现在进行时也可表示将来.
The meeting starts at five o’clock.
He is leaving tomorrow．
4．现在进行时的用法
1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“ to be十现在分词”构成，另外“系动词十介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义．例如：
What are you doing?
The bridge is under construction．
2)表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词如 have，be，hear，see，like等词一般不用进行时．
5．过去进行时的用法
l)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“ was(were)十现在分词”构成．例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a university.
He was reading a novel when I came in．
6．现在完成时的用法
现在完成时由“ have十过去分词”构成．其使用有两种情况：
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响．句中没有具体时间状语．例如
He has gone to Fuzhou. (说话人认为他不在该地)
He has been to Fuzhou．(说话人认为他在该地)
2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去．常用for和 since表示一段时间的状语或 so far，now，today, this week( month，year)等表示包括现在时问在内的状语。例如:
He has studied English for 5 years．
He has studied English since 1985．
Now I have finished the work.
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用．
3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中、表示将来某时完成的动作．例如：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework．
If it has stopped snowing in the morning，we’ll go to the park.
7．过去完成时的用法
l)过去完成时由“ had十过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态．句中常用 by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语．例如：
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。例如：
Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours．
8．过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态．过去将来时由“ should或 would十动词原形”构成。第一人称用 should，其他人称用 would．例如：
They were sure that they would succeed．
9．现在完成进行时的用法
现在完成进行时由“ have(has)十 been十现在分词”构成，表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词，如 work，study、live，teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多．例如：
I have worked here for three years．
I have been working here for three years.
但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思．例如：
I have written a letter(已写完)
I have been writing a letter．(还在写)
注意：表示短暂动作的动词，如 finish，marry，get up，come，go等不能用这种时态

❷ 关于初中英语的八大时态使用方法，结构！急死了

1.一般现在时复。
动词用原型或三单。
如：制He
likes
music.
2.一般过去时：
谓语动词用动词过去式。
如：He
broke
the
window
yesterday.
PS:broke
是break
的过去式形式。
3.一般将来时：
am/is/are
going
to+动词原形
或will+动词原形
如：I
will
get
married
in
a
month.
4.现在完成时
have/has
+过去分词
如：I
have
bought
a
new
bag.
bought
是buy的过去分词
5.过去完成时：表示动作在过去的过去发生。
had+过去分词
如：I
had
had
breakfast。
6.现在进行时
am/is/are
+现在分词
如：He
is
watching
TV.
7.过去进行时
was、were+现在分词
如：He
was
watching
TV
at
eight
yesterday.
8.过去将来时
would+动词原形
如：I
would
go
to
college.
以上八种时态是我一个个打出来的啊。
辛苦呢。
老师一般在初三总结时会讲的。

❸ 初中英语八大时态有哪些

一、 一般现在时：
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don＇t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn＇t，通常还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn＇t，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn＇t know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has提前
6.例句：I＇ve written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加won＇t，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .

❹ 初中英语八大时态基本结构

初中英语八大复时态基本结构：

1.一般制现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)

2.现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing

3.一般过去时: 主语+did

4.过去进行时: was/were doing

5.现在完成时: have/has done

6.过去完成时: had done

7.一般将来时: will do/be going to do

8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do

❺ 初中英语八大时态

初中英语中的八个基本时态，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将回来时、现在进答行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

时态是一种动词形式，表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。

(5)初中英语的八大时态怎么用扩展阅读

一般过去时与现在完成时的转换：

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用。

一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作），at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。

现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go，come，leave，start，arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。

❻ 初中英语八大时态都是什么！

一、 一般现在时：
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don＇t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn＇t，通常还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：It seldom snows here.

二、 一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn＇t，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
三、 现在进行时：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today?

四、过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

五、 现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has提前
6.例句：It has been raining these days.

六、 过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加won＇t，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

八、过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

❼ 初中英语八大时态讲解

1. 一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often, usually, sometimes, always, every (day等), once/twice, a (week等), on (Sunday等), never, in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)2. 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)②表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等),in the past。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)③表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)3. 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow，this (afternoon), next (year), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。②用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如：I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)③“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情。It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)⑤现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)⑥shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)4. 现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生此刻不一定在进行的动作。①现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。②现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)5. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。①过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。②过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)③用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)6. 现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before, in the past+一段时间等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：--Where is Mr. Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。或者使用下面这个句型：It is/ has been + (多久)+ since +主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)8. 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)8. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)

❽ 英语八大时态怎么用

一般现在时
一般现在时的形式
是以动词的原形表示的，当主语为第三人称单数时，做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其构成方式列表如下：
情况 构成 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes
以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes
以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I，再加-es Tries, carries
但是，动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下：
一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化
We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.
一般现在时的功用
1. 表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作：
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
2. 表示客观事实或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.
3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等，如：
Tomorrow is Thursday.
4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪国人？我是中国人。
Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是广州人。
5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容，如：
What does that notice say?
What does Ann say in her letter?
She says she’s coming to Beijing next week.
Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.”
莎士比亚说：“既不要向人借钱，也不要借钱给别人。”
折叠编辑本段一般过去时
一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。
1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式：
规则动词在其原形后面加-ed:
to work-worked
以字母e结尾的规则动词，只加-d:
to love---loved
对所有人称均无词形变化。
否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成
I / you / he / she / they / we did not work.
疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成
拼写注意：
情况 变化 例词
动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit-admitted
以y结尾的动词，在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 - ed Carry -carriedHurry -hurried
以y 结尾的动词，在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Obey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed
在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类：
1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如：
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如：
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如：
原形 过去式 过去分词
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如：
come came come
become became become
run ran run
一般过去时的功用
1） 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间，但是现在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear backstreet boy sing?
2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动，如：
When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.
Where have you been?
I’ve been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?
3) 表示过去的习惯
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.
折叠编辑本段现在完成时
现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式
He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked?
We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked?
紧缩形式
现在完成时的功用
现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系，如：
------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name.
和现在的联系就是 I don’t remember her name now.
------Fort has gone to Canada.
和现在的联系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.
1) 表示延续到现在的动作 （有时是总计做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.
2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如：
I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了）
This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了)
3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，如：
The window has broken.
4) 和最高级连用，表示到现在为止是最……的
What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read.
5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
(相当于 he has never driven a car before.)
Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it.
6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如：
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)
Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you?
I’ve already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快)
7）与since 连用，since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用，表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”，它总是与完成时连用，如：
She has been here since 6 o’clock.
He hasn’t been himself since the accident. （那次事故后，他从未完全康复）
Since I was a child I have lived in England.
一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
1） 过去时仅仅表示过去，现在完成时还表示与现在的关系，如：
He has lost his key.
He lost his key.
2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时
The Chinese invented printing.
Shakespear wrote Hamlet.
3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间，就不能用现在完成时，如：
Did you see the film on television last night?
Tom lost his key yesterday.
询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时，如：
What time did they arrive?
When and where were you born?
比较：
Have you seen Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午)
Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午)
Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住
Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了
I have never played golf in my life.
I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.
折叠编辑本段现在进行时
现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working?
现在分词的构成，是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意：
情况 变化 例词
动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing
动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing
动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping
动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting
以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying
现在进行时的功用
1） 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying.
Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more.
2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作，但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
这些动作，在说话时并不一定在发生或进行，而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。
3）表示最近的确定的安排
Are you meeting her at the station?

I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候，用现在进行时态显得更加自然，除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如：
Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪，可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.
有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作，一般不用于进行时。例如，我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有：
want like hate know see hear believe understand seem
think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （拥有）belong
To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受
I remember him very well.
I think I understand what he wants.
一般现在时和现在进行时的比较
一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情
现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情，如：
What do you do? 你是干什么工作的？
What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么？
一般现在时是表示经久的情况，而现在进行时表示的是暂时的，如：
My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years.
She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.
折叠编辑本段过去进行时
过去进行时的构成形式为：
I / he /she was
We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词
过去进行时的功用
1） 表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?
2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用，表示在一个动作发生的过程中，发生了另一个动作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.
3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的，而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.
折叠编辑本段现在完成进行时
其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
功用如下：
1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
过去将来时
构成
一般过去将来时是由"should/would + 动词原形"构成的。
He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.
昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。
They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.
他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。
用法
一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
①一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中
He said they would arrange a party.
他说他们将安排一个晚会。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
我问他是否来帮我修电视机。
②一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
折叠编辑本段过去将来时间
①was/were going to + 动词原形
He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
他说他退休后要住在农村。
They thought it was going to rain.
他们认为天要下雨了。
②was/were + 动词-ing形式
Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.
没人知道客人们是否要来。
I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.
我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了。
③was/were + 动词不定式
She said she was to clean the classroom after school.
她说她放学后要打扫教室。
It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.
据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥。
注意：
"was/were going to + 动词原形"或"was/were +动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.
上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成）
I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.
我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙）
④was/were about to do
"was/were about to do"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
I felt something terrible was about to happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
⑤was/were on the point of doing
I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now.
很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。
提示：
"be about to do" 和 "be on the point of doing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。
I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.
我正要动身天突然下雨了。
折叠编辑本段一般将来时
A. will, shall表示一般将来时
一般将来时由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成。一般来说，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。但在现代英语中，shall常被will 所代替，可以说I will go和 We will go。
一般将来时的用法
1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如next week, tomorrow, this evening, in a month, after class, very soon等。如：
I will go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午我要去游泳。
2. 表示将来经常发生的动作。如：
From now on, I will come for the newspaper every Monday.
从现在起我将每星期一来取报纸。
B. be going to表示一般将来时
“be going to + 动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事。
句式 句型 例句
肯定句 主语 + am / is / are
going to + 动词原形 +其他
I’m going to play football this afternoon. 今天下午我打算踢足球。
否定句 主语 + am / is / are +
not + going to + 动词原形
+ 其他
The boys aren’t going to stay at home and watch TV tomorrow. 那些男孩子们明天不准备呆在家里看电视。
一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 +
going to + 动词原形 +其他?
Are they going to swim this
afternoon? 他们今天下午要去游泳吗？