動詞不定式英語怎麼翻譯

1. 不定式是什麼

不定式
不定式的定義
不定式是英語動詞的一種形式。它在許多情況下可省略"to"它不同於漢語動詞，漢語動詞只有一種形式。如：我看書。她看書。但英語要說「看」必須根據主語的人稱，動作發生的時間等確定其形式。如：1）I read a book. 2）She reads a book.1）句中的「read」
是一般現在時第一人稱的動詞定式。2）句中的「reads」是一般現在時第三人稱單數的動詞定式。
I want to read a book./She wants to read a book.
我想要看書。她想要看書。其中的「看」不易確定其形式。因為動作還未發生，因此稱不定式。通俗的說，就是「不一定是什麼形式」

動詞不定式的用法

一：不定式作賓語

1) 動詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。

2）動詞+不定式 ； 動詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。

3） 動詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。

注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。

二：不定式作賓語

1) 動詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。

2）動詞+不定式 ； 動詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。

3） 動詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。

注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。
三：不定式作補語

1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel ince inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：
Find 後可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最後加帶to 的動詞不定式。find後也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.

典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語後面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補足語作用。現在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動。

2) to + be 的不定式結構，作補語的動詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學生之一。

典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發明這一個事實，不定式後用原形即可。而C為現在完成時，發明為點動詞一般不用完成時，且此處也不強調對現在的影響，因此不選C。

3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認為這本書沒什麼意思。

4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那麼多人在哪裡。

注意 ： 有些動詞需用as 短語做補語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。
四：不定式主語

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們任何東西，這顯得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系動詞如，look，appear等也可用於此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時，動詞用單數形式。
3) 當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對)To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯)It is to believe to see.
五：不定式作表語

不定式可放在be動詞後面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
六：不定式作定語

不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞後。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
七： 不定式作狀語

1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。

2）作結果狀語，表事先沒有預料到的，要放在句子後面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.

典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動詞，其後應有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時，常位於"形容詞+動詞不定式"結構的末尾。
八：省to 的動詞不定式

1） 情態動詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役動詞 let, have, make：
3） 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等後作賓補，省略to。

注意：在被動語態中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是動詞do時，後面出現的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。
8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞後，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應該是個好人。

舉例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.

比較： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 後面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make後接不帶to 的動詞不定式，當其用於被動時，to 不可省略。
九： 動詞不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。

典型例題
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 後應接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個詞，而不必重復整個不定式片語。及物動詞do後應有名詞、代詞等，否則不對，因此B，D不對。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求後用不定式，此處為不定式的被動，否定形式為be warned not to do。
十： 不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至於…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激動了，說不出話來。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我幫忙嗎?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動。謝謝您。

2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達肯定， too 後那個詞表達一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。
It's never too late to mend. (諺語)
改過不嫌晚。

3) 當too 前面有only, all, but時，意思是：非常… 等於very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

十一： 不定式的特殊句型1：so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。

2) so kind as to ---勞駕
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
勞駕，現在幾點了。
不定式的特殊句型2：Why not

"Why not +動詞原形"表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什麼不……?" "干嗎不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干嗎不去度假?
十二： 不定式的時態和語態

時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 to do to be done
進行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進行式 to have been doing

1) 現在時：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之後。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。

2) 完成時：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 進行時： 表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。
He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成進行時：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
十三：注意
1：動名詞與不定式

1） 動名詞與不定式的區別：
動名詞表達的是： 狀態，性質，心境，抽象，經常性，已發生的
不定式表達的是： 目的，結果，原因，具體，一次性，將發生的

2） 接不定式或動名詞，意義相同。

3） 動名詞與不定式語義不同的有11 組：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

2：注意區別用作介詞的to

to 有兩種用法： 一為不定式+動詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動名詞：

admit to承認， confess to承認，
be accustomed to 習慣於， be used to 習慣於， stick to 堅持， turn to開始，著手於， devote oneself to 獻身於， be devoted to 致力於， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

2. give sb sth to do sth中不定式的作用

give是動詞原形，英語中有兩種方式
第一個是動詞不定式todo可做主語,如：Toseeistobelieve眼見為實耳聽為虛。
第二個也可以換成另一種動名詞doing做主語，Seeingisbelieving.
那麼同樣我們就可以翻譯「給予就是獲得」為
Givingisreceiving.
Togiveistoreceive.
但要記住不定式和動名詞做主語還是有細節不同的。

3. choose to learn from allen動詞不定作什麼成分

1. 解答：這里動詞不定式tolearn from Allan謂語及物動詞choose之後，因此是choose的賓語。翻譯：選擇向艾倫學習。

2. 語法：動詞不定式是英語中使用頻率很高的非謂語動詞，由「to+動詞原形」構成，不隨句子的時態變化而變化，但它自身也有現在時、完成時與被動態三種狀態，以此標明它與句子謂語動詞在時態和語態上的區別。動詞不定式在句中可以承擔多種語法功能，即主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等等。注意在某些情況下，動詞不定式的標志詞to可以被省略。

3. 例句：

   ① To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 說歸說，做歸做。（主語）

   ② I want to travel to Guilin. 我想去桂林旅行。（賓語）

   ③ All you should do is tell the truth. 你應該做的就是說出真相。（表語）

   ④ May you be happy in the days to come. 祝你在未來的日子裡幸福安康。（定語）

   ⑤ We raise money in order to help the poor children in the countryside. 我們募集錢物是為了幫助農村的貧窮兒童。（狀語）