再提純器英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

1. 英語翻譯

原稿個別地方意思有點不連貫，如有問題可進一步聯系。
From propylene , ammonia and air montecatini edison』s highly active, low bulk density fluid catalyst gives acrylonitrile at lowest cost
Montecatini Edison 的高活性、低體積密度流體催化劑，以最低的成本從丙烯、氨水和空氣獲得了丙烯腈。
Giorgio Caporali , Montecatini Edison S.p.A,Milan ,Italy
Giorgio Caporali , Montecatini Edison S.p.A,Milan ,義大利
Since about 1960,the leading route to acrylonitrile has been by catalytic reaction of propylene with ammonia and air。大約從1960年起，獲得丙烯腈的主要技術路線一直是利用丙烯與氨水和空氣的催化反應。 Montedison』s process was first commercialized in 1968 in their 60,000-ton/year plant. This process has been licensed to Paular CO. in Spain for a 40,000-ton/year plant and montedison is planning another plant for themselves with 100,00 ton/year capacity. Montedison的工藝首先是在1968年商業化的，工廠的生產能力為6萬噸/年。這一工藝已經特許給西班牙的Paular公司4萬噸/年的工廠中生產，Montedison正在為自己計劃另一家1萬噸/年生產能力的工廠。
Although modern commercial acrylonitrile process appear similar and proce very pure proct ,each is characterized by its own original features:
雖然現代化的商業丙烯腈工藝似乎是類似的，而且生產出很純的產品，但每一種都有它們自己的固有特點：
Catalyst system and rector technique
催化劑系統和反應器技術
Nature, condition and sequence of recovery and purification step.
回收和純化步驟的本質、條件和程序
These step and features in the Montecatini Edison process are shown in FIG .1 and other data may be found in the literature.
Montecatini Edison工藝的這些步驟和特點示於圖1， 其他數據可以在文獻中找到。
RAW materials . There are only three reactants, the oxygen being supplied as air and no stream is repuired as diluent . Technical grade propylene(92-93 percent,the balance being propane ) and anhydrous fertilizer grade ammonia are satisfactory. Higher olefins are undesirable since they make byprocts which burden the purification steps. The there gaseous reactants are premixed and fed to the bottom of the reactors.
原材料。反應物只有三種，氧由空氣提供，不需要氣流作為稀釋劑。技術級的丙烯（92－93％，平衡劑為丙烷）和無水化肥級氨水就能滿足要求。過高的烯烴是不希望有的，以為它們形成會煩擾純化步驟的副產物。氣體的反應物被預混合和饋送到反應器的底部。
Reactors. Large size fluid bed catalytic reactors are used which provide:
反應器。採用大尺寸的流化床催化反應器，它具有：
A bottom distribution plate for supporting the catalyst and distributing the gas;
用於支持催化劑和分配氣體的底部分配板；
A top set of multiple effect cyclones, with dip legs ,recover and return the catalyst to near the bottom of the reaction zone;
一組頂部的多功能旋流分離除塵器，帶有料腿，用來將催化劑回收和返回到反應區的底部。
Special sets of heat exchangers in the fluid bed for reaction heat removal and steam generation.
在流化床中的若干組特殊的熱交換器，用於去除反應熱和流的發生。
Reaction conditions . Typical reaction condition values are: 420-460。C ; 2kg/cm2 absolute pressure ;feed composition ranging from 6.7-8 vol. percent propylene ,0.2-0.6percent propane,7.5-9percent ammonia,82.5-86percent air (which gives a minimum excess ammonia with respect to propylene and about 50percent stoichiometric excess air); liner gas velocity between 1 and 2 feet per second(based on empty reactor with total inlet gases volume at average operating conditions);and contact time in the order of a few second,e.g.,2to 6 second when gas volume is based as stated above, at the average operating conditions and referred to the volume of the packed catalyst.
反應條件。典型的反應條件值為：420－460℃；2kg/cm2絕對壓力；饋給組分的范圍為6.7－8體積百分比的丙烯，0.2－0.6百分比的丙烷，7.5－9百分比的氨水和82.5－86百分比的空氣（這提供了相對於丙烯的最小過量氨水，和大約50％化學計量的過量空氣）；1到2英尺/s的線性氣體速度（基於空的反應器，在平均工作條件下總的入口氣體體積）；接觸時間在幾秒的量級，例如在氣體體積以上述為基礎，在平均工作條件下，參照包裝的催化劑體積時約2到6秒。
Catalyst The catalyst consists of oxygenated compounds of tellurium, cerium and molybdenum supported on a microspheroidal silica carrier. It contains about 20-30wt./wt. percent of active elements and has has a bulk density. The catalyst is presently proced by in facilities near the acrylonitrile plant.
催化劑。催化劑由支持在微球形二氧化硅載體上的碲、鈰和鉬的氧化混合物構成。它含有大約20－30wt/wt％的活性元素和體積密度。該催化劑目前由靠近丙烯腈工廠的設備中生產。

2. 尤里復仇的工業工廠和碑石精煉器是干嗎的

樓上的說法也太誇張了吧……
礦石精煉器（Ore Purifier，翻譯成提純器更好）
礦石和油井收入增加25%。

工業工廠（Instrial Plant）
裝甲部隊和海軍造價下降25%（穆恩提示：如果製造裝甲和海軍的話相當於收入增加33% ^^）

3. 英語翻譯

Reaction procts recovery .
反應產物的回收
Reactor procts are first exchanged to proce steam, then cooled to about 80-90。C, and scrubbed with a 30-35 percent aqueous ammonium sulfate solution with some free sulfuric acid. Here excess ammonia is removed and most of the scrubbed solution recycled. Some sulfuric acid is added and part of the solution withdrawn for ammonium sulfate recovery. The ammonium sulfate solution, for a number of reasons , contains very low organic impurities and after special treatment gives white crystals in conventional equipment.
反應產物先進行（熱）交換，產生蒸汽，然後冷卻到80－90℃，並用30－35％的含有某些游離硫酸的硫化銨水溶液擦洗。這里將過多的氨去除，而大多數擦洗的溶液則被循環利用。添加一些硫酸，而部分溶液被收回用於硫化銨的回收。由於幾個理由，硫化銨溶液含有很少的有機雜質，並在特殊處理後在常規的設備中形成白色的晶體。
Hot gases from the neutralizer next are water washed at ambient temperature to absorb acrylonitrile ,acetonitrile hydrogen cyanide and other by procts . effluent gases ---mainly nitrogen , carbon oxides and unreacted oxygen and propylene-are vented .
來自後面中和器的熱氣體在室溫下水洗，以吸收丙烯腈、乙腈、氰化氫和其他副產物。排放的氣體（主要是氮氣、二氧化碳和沒有反應的氧和丙烯）被放空排出。
This organic solution is steam stripped and crude acrylonitrile recovered as overhead and the lean water recycled from the bottom to the top of the absorption tower .
這一有機溶液是蒸汽氣提的，粗丙烯腈作為塔頂餾出物回收，而廢水從吸收塔底部到頂部循環。
Small alkali additions are made to this solution to maintain its ph and avoid corrosion problems .
對此溶液添加少量的鹼，以保持其pH值，並避免腐蝕問題。
Acylonitrile purification
丙烯腈的提純
After preliminary evaporation to remove high boiling proce-cyanohydrins and a little succinonitrile-purification of acrylonitrile is carried out by a series of distillation step. Succinonitrile is formed in trace amounts by the addition of HCN to the very small amounts of carbonyl compounds-acrolein ,acetaldehyde , acetone-present in the mixture
在初步蒸發去除高度沸騰的產物氰醇後，通過一系列的蒸餾步驟進行丙烯腈的少量丁二腈提純。丁二腈是通過將HCN添加進存在於混合物中的很少量的羰基化合物（丙烯醛、乙醛、丙酮）痕量形成的。
Hydrogen cyanide is removed first as overhead at more than 99.5 percent purity and can be recovered and used directly or burned in flare .
氰化氫先作為塔頂餾出物在99.5％的純度下去除，並可回收和直接採用，或像火炬一樣燒掉。
Next , acetonitrile is removed by extractive distillation with water ；minimum of acrylonitrile is lost with the dilute aqueous solution of acetonitrile as bottoms . this solution is stripped in another column not show in fig.1—and the bottoms water recycled to the extractive distillation step . the homogeneous phase containing up to 70 percent acetonitrile at the top may be disposed of or preferable used for recovering very pure , dry acetonitrile
接下來，通過用水的萃取蒸餾去除乙腈；只有最少的丙烯腈隨著乙腈的稀釋水溶液作為底部殘留物損失掉。這一溶液在另一個蒸餾塔（圖1中沒有示出）中被氣提，底部的水循環利用到萃取蒸餾步驟。在頂部含有高達70％乙腈的均相可加以處理，或寧可用於回收很純的乾燥乙腈。
Acrylonitrile is dehydrated and the overhead , an azeotropic mixture of acrylonitrile and water , carries small amounts of low boiling impurities which are essentially the last traces of acrolein.
丙烯腈被脫水，而頂部餾出物（一種丙烯腈和水的共沸混合物）攜帶了少量的低沸點雜質，它們本質上是丙烯醛的最後痕跡。dehydration column bottoms are fed to the final purification step where pure acrylonitrile goes overhead and the bottom containing some acrylonitrile and the high boiling impurities is recycled to the beginning of the purification process. 脫水塔底部饋送到最後提純步驟，在那裡，純的丙烯腈到達頂部和含有一些丙烯腈的底部，高沸點的雜質則循環到提純工藝的起點。

4. 誰能告訴我這段英文是什麼意思，謝謝

這是化妝品的成分：

EDTA,乙二胺四乙酸
Aqua,水
Methylchloroisothiazolinone & Methylisothiazolinone,甲基氯異基噻唑烷/甲基異噻唑啉酮 （殺菌防腐劑）
Stearyl Alcohol,硬脂醇
Theobroma Grandiflorum Schum,可可蘭草
Glyceryl Monoestearate,單硬脂酸甘油酯
Honey Extract,蜂蜜提取物
Carapa Guianensis, 楝科牧草
Citric Acid,檸檬酸
BHT,抗氧化劑bht
Benzophenone-4,二苯甲酮-4 （抗紫外線）
Cyclopentasiloxane,環狀五聚體
Paraffinum Liquim,液狀石蠟
Yellow Color,黃色素
Red Color,紅色素
Blue Color 藍色是
e Parfum 香精

5. rna的分離與提純為什麼裂解兩次

rna的分離與提純為什麼裂解兩次
真核生物的mRNA分子是單順反子，是編碼蛋白質的基因轉錄產物。真核生物的所有蛋白質歸根到底都是mRNA的翻譯產物，因此，高質量mRNA的分離純化是克隆基因、提高cDNA文庫構建效率的決定性因素。哺乳動物平均每個細胞含有約1x10-5?g RNA，理論上認為每克細胞可分離出5～10mg RNA。其中 rRNA為75％～ 85％，tRNA佔10％～16％，而mRNA僅佔1%～5％，並且mRNA分子種類繁多，分子量大小不均一，表達豐度也不一樣。
真核生物mRNA有特徵性的結構，即具有5』端帽子結構（m7G）和3』端的poly(A)尾巴——絕大多數哺乳動物細胞的3』端存在20~300個腺苷酸組成的poly（A）尾，通常用poly（A+）表示，這種結構為真核mRNA分子的提取、純化，提供了極為方便的選擇性標志，寡聚（dT）纖維素或寡聚（U）瓊脂糖親合層析分離純化mRNA的理論基礎就在於此。
一般mRNA分離純化的原理就是根據mRNA 3』 末端含有多poly(A)尾巴結構特性設計的。當總RNA流經寡聚（dT）（即oligo(dT)）纖維素柱時，在高鹽緩沖液作用下，mRNA被特異地吸附在oligo(dT)纖維素柱上，在低鹽濃度或蒸餾水中，mRNA可被洗下，經過兩次oligo(dT)纖維素柱，即可得到較純的mRNA。
目前常用的mRNA的純化方法有：
（1）寡聚（dT）－纖維素柱層析法，即分離mRNA的標准方法；
（2）寡聚（dT）－纖維素液相離心法，即用寡聚（dT）－纖維素直接加入到總的 RNA溶液中並使mRNA與寡聚（dT）－纖維素結合，離心收集寡聚（dT）－纖維素／mRNA復合物，再用洗脫液分離mRNA，然後離心除去寡聚（dT）－纖維素；
（3）其它一些方法：如寡聚（dT）－磁性球珠法等。
本實驗應用方法（1）進行mRNA的分離純化。
【試劑與器材】
（一）試劑
1． 0.1mol/L NaOH ，每組200mL
2． 寡聚Oligo（dT）-纖維素
3． 加樣/洗滌緩沖液1：0.5 mol/L NaCl, 20 m mol/L Tris-HCl(pH 7.6)，每組250mL
或0.5mol/L NaCl, 20mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.6), 1mmol/L EDTA(pH8.0), 0.1% SDS。
4． 洗滌緩沖液2：0.1 mol/L NaCl, 20 m mol/L Tris-HCl(pH 7.6)，每組250mL或10mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH7.6), 1mmol/L EDTA (pH8.0), 0.05% SDS。
配製時可先配製Tris-HCl(pH 7.6)、NaCl、EDTA（pH 8.0）的母液，經高壓消毒後按各成分確切含量，經混合後再高壓消毒，冷卻至65℃時，加入經65℃溫育（30min）的10%SDS至終濃度。
5． 5 mol/L NaCl，每組10mL
6． 3 mol/L NaAc pH5.2，每組10mL
7． 無RNase雙蒸水(DEPC水)，每組100mL
8． 70%乙醇，每組10mL
注意：溶液5，6的配製都應該加0.1% DEPC處理過夜，溶液1，3，4，8則用經0.1% DEPC處理過的無RNase雙蒸水配製，Tris應選用無RNase的級別。溶液配製後，最好能夠按一次實驗所需的分量分裝成多瓶（如10ml或50ml/瓶）保存，每次實驗只用一份，避免多次操作造成對溶液的污染。