介紹珠穆朗瑪峰英語怎麼說

A. 珠穆朗瑪峰英語怎麼說~

Everest

A mountain, 8,853.5 m (29,028 ft) high, of the central Himalaya Mountains on the border of Tibet and Nepal. The highest elevation in the world, it was first scaled in 1953 by members of an expedition including Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.
埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗瑪峰）：一座高8,853.5米（29,028英尺）的山，位於喜馬拉雅山中段，西藏與尼泊回爾的交界處答，是世界上海拔最高的地方，1953年包括有埃得蒙·希拉里爵士和坦金·諾基爵士的探險隊的隊員首次登上此峰

B. 珠穆朗瑪峰用英語怎麼說

珠穆朗瑪峰
Mount Qomolangma; zolmo Lungma; Mount Everest; Everest

C. 關於珠穆朗瑪峰（要英文介紹）

Mount Everest

Mount Everest or Qomolangma or Sagarmatha(सगरमाथा) or Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ) pronounced as (Jongmalunga) is the highest mountain on Earth, as measured by the height of its summit above sea level. The mountain, which is part of the Himalaya range in High Asia, is located on the border between Nepal and China.

Naming
The ancient Sanskrit names for the mountain are Devgiri (Sanskrit for "Holy Mountain") and Devarga (the English pronounced it deongha in the 1800s).[1]. In Nepali it is known as Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा), meaning "Head of the Sky". The Tibetan name is Chomolungma or Qomolangma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ, meaning "Mother of the Universe"), and the related Chinese name is Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (珠穆朗瑪峰) or Shèngmǔ Fēng (聖母峰), Pinyin: Qomolangma Feng.

In 1865, the mountain was given its English name by Andrew Waugh, the British surveyor-general of India. With both Nepal and Tibet closed to foreign travel, he wrote:

I was taught by my respected chief and predecessor, Colonel Sir George Everest to assign to every geographical object its true local or native appellation. But here is a mountain, most probably the highest in the world, without any local name that we can discover, whose native appellation, if it has any, will not very likely be ascertained before we are allowed to penetrate into Nepal. In the meantime the privilege as well as the ty devolves on me to assign…a name whereby it may be known among citizens and geographers and become a household word among civilized nations.

Waugh chose to name the mountain after George Everest, first using the spelling Mont Everest, and then Mount Everest. However, the modern pronunciation of Everest (IPA: [ˈɛvərɪst] or [ˈɛvərɨst] [EV-er-est]) is in fact different from Sir George's own pronunciation of his surname, which was [ˈiv;rɪst] (EAVE-rest).

In the early 1960s, the Nepalese government realized that Mount Everest had no Nepalese name. This was because the mountain was not known and named in ethnic Nepal (that is, the Kathman valley and surrounding areas). The government set out to find a name for the mountain (the Sherpa/Tibetan name Chomolangma was not acceptable, as it would have been against the idea of unification (Nepalization) of the country. The name Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा) was thus invented by Baburam Acharya.

In 2002, the Chinese People's Daily newspaper published an article making a case against the continued use of the English name for the mountain in the Western world, insisting that it should be referred to by its Tibetan name. The newspaper argued that the Chinese name preceded the English one, as Mount Qomolangma was marked on a Chinese map more than 280 years ago.[4]

Measurement

Aerial view of Mount Everest.
Another aerial view of Mount Everest.Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal, was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak in 1852, using trigonometric calculations based on measurements of "Peak XV" (as it was then known) made with theodolites from 240 km (150 miles) away in India. Measurement could not be made from closer e to a lack of access to Nepal. "Peak XV" was found to be exactly 29,000 feet (8,839 m) high, but was publicly declared to be 29,002 feet (8,840 m). The arbitrary addition of 2 feet (0.6 m) was to avoid the impression that an exact height of 29,000 feet was nothing more than a rounded estimate.

More recently, the mountain has been found to be 8,848 m (29,028 feet) high, although there is some variation in the measurements. The mountain K2 comes in second at 8,611 m (28,251 feet) high. On May 22, 2005, the People's Republic of China's Everest Expedition Team ascended to the top of the mountain. After several months' complicated measurement and calculation, on October 9, 2005, the PRC's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the height of Everest as 8,844.43 m ± 0.21 m (29,017.16 ± 0.69 ft). They claimed it was the most accurate measurement to date.[5]. But this new height is based on the actual highest point of rock and not on the snow and ice that sits on top of that rock on the summit, so, in keeping with the practice used on Mont Blanc and Khan Tangiri Shyngy, it is not shown here. The Chinese also measured a snow/ice depth of 3.5 m,[6] which implies agreement with a net elevation of 8,848 m. But in reality the snow and ice thickness varies, making a definitive height of the snow cap, and hence the precise height attained by summiteers without sophisticated GPS, impossible to determine.

The elevation of 8,848 m (29,028 ft) was first determined by an Indian survey in 1955, made closer to the mountain, also using theodolites. It was subsequently reaffirmed by a 1975 Chinese measurement [7]. In both cases the snow cap, not the rock head, was measured. In May 1999 an American Everest Expedition, directed by Bradford Washburn, anchored a GPS unit into the highest bedrock. A rock head elevation of 8,850 m (29,035 feet), and a snow/ice elevation 1 m (3 ft) higher, were obtained via this device[8]. Although it has not been officially recognized by Nepal [9], this figure is widely quoted. Geoid uncertainty casts doubt upon the accuracy claimed by both the 1999 and 2005 surveys.

It is thought that the plate tectonics of the area are adding to the height and moving the summit north-eastwards. Two accounts, [8], [10] suggest the rates of change are 4 mm per year (upwards) 3-6 mm per year (northeastwards), but another account mentions more lateral movement (27 mm)[11], and even shrinkage has been suggested [12].

Everest is the mountain whose summit attains the greatest distance above sea level. Two other mountains are sometimes claimed as alternative "tallest mountains on Earth". Mauna Kea in Hawaii is tallest when measured from its base; it rises over 10,203 m (about 6.3 mi) when measured from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above sea level. The summit of Chimborazo in Ecuador is 2,168 m (7,113 ft) farther from the Earth's centre (6,384.4 km or 3,967.1 mi) than that of Everest (6,382.3 km or 3,965.8 mi), because the Earth bulges at the Equator. However, Chimborazo attains a height of 6,267 m (20,561 ft) above sea level, and by this criterion it is not even the highest peak of the Andes.

The deepest spot in the ocean is deeper than Everest is high: the Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, is so deep that if Everest were to be placed into it there would be more than 2 km (1.25 mi) of water covering it.

The Mount Everest region, and the Himalayas in general, are thought to be experiencing ice-melt e to global warming.[13] The exceptionally heavy southwest summer monsoon of 2005 is consistent with continued warming and augmented convective uplift on the Tibetan plateau to the north.[citation needed]

Climbing routes
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View from space showing South Col route and North Col/Ridge route
Southern and northern climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station.
Mt. Everest has two main climbing routes, the southeast ridge from Nepal and the northeast ridge from Tibet, as well as many other less frequently climbed routes. Of the two main routes, the southeast ridge is technically easier and is the more frequently-used route. It was the route used by Hillary and Tenzing in 1953 and the first recognised of fifteen routes to the top by 1996. This was, however, a route decision dictated more by politics than by design as the Chinese border was closed to foreigners in 1949. Reinhold Messner (Italy) summited the mountain solo for the first time, without supplementary oxygen or support, on the more difficult Northwest route via the North Col to the North Face and the Great Couloir, on August 20th 1980. He climbed for three days entirely alone from his base camp at 6500 meters. This route has been noted as the 8th climbing route to the summit.

Most attempts are made ring April and May before the summer monsoon season. A change in the jet stream at this time of year reces the average wind speeds high on the mountain. While attempts are sometimes made after the monsoons in September and October, the additional snow deposited by the monsoons and the less stable weather patterns makes climbing more difficult.

Southeast ridge
The ascent via the southeast ridge begins with a trek to Base Camp at 5,380 m (17,600 ft) on the south side of Everest in Nepal. Expeditions usually fly into Lukla (2,860 m) from Kathman and pass through Namche Bazaar. Climbers then hike to Base Camp, which usually takes six to eight days, allowing for proper altitude acclimatization in order to prevent altitude sickness. Climbing equipment and supplies are carried by yaks, dzopkyos (yak hybrids) and human porters to Base Camp on the Khumbu Glacier. When Hillary and Tenzing climbed Everest in 1953, they started from Kathman Valley, as there were no roads further east at that time.

A view of Everest southeast ridge base camp. The Khumbu Icefall can be seen in the left. In the center are the remains of a helicopter that crashed in 2003.Climbers will spend a couple of weeks in Base Camp, acclimatizing to the altitude. During that time, Sherpas and some expedition climbers will set up ropes and ladders in the treacherous Khumbu Icefall. Seracs, crevasses and shifting blocks of ice make the icefall one of the most dangerous sections of the route. Many climbers and Sherpas have been killed in this section. To rece the hazard, climbers will usually begin their ascent well before dawn when the freezing temperatures glue ice blocks in place. Above the icefall is Camp I or Advanced Base Camp (ABC) at 6,065 m (19,900 ft).

From Camp I, climbers make their way up the Western Cwm to the base of the Lhotse face, where Camp II is established at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). The Western Cwm is a relatively flat, gently rising glacial valley, marked by huge lateral crevasses in the centre which prevent direct access to the upper reaches of the Cwm. Climbers are forced to cross on the far right near the base of Nuptse to a small passageway known as the "Nuptse corner". The Western Cwm is also called the "Valley of Silence" as the topography of the area generally cuts off wind from the climbing route. The high altitude and a clear, windless day can make the Western Cwm unbearably hot for climbers.

From Camp II, climbers ascend the Lhotse face on fixed ropes up to Camp III, located on a small ledge at 7,470 m (24,500 ft). From there, it is another 500 metres to Camp IV on the South Col at 7,920 m (26,000 ft). From Camp III to Camp IV, climbers are faced with two additional challenges: The Geneva Spur and The Yellow Band. The Geneva Spur is an anvil shaped rib of black rock named by a 1952 Swiss expedition. Fixed ropes assist climbers in scrambling over this snow covered rock band. The Yellow Band is a section of sedimentary sandstone which also requires about 100 metres of rope for traversing it.

On the South Col, climbers enter the death zone. Climbers typically only have a maximum of two or three days they can enre at this altitude for making summit bids. Clear weather and low winds are critical factors in deciding whether to make a summit attempt. If weather does not cooperate within these short few days, climbers are forced to descend, many all the way back down to Base Camp.

From Camp IV, climbers will begin their summit push around midnight with hopes of reaching the summit (still another 1,000 metres above) within 10 to 12 hours. Climbers will first reach "The Balcony" at 8,400 m (27,700 ft), a small platform where they can rest and gaze at peaks to the south and east in the early dawn light. Continuing up the ridge, climbers are then faced with a series of imposing rock steps which usually forces them to the east into waist deep snow, a serious avalanche hazard. At 8,750 m (28,700 ft), a small table-sized dome of ice and snow marks the South Summit.

From the South Summit, climbers follow the knife-edge southeast ridge along what is known as the "Cornice traverse" where snow clings to intermittent rock. This is the most exposed section of the climb as a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m (8,000 ft) down the southwest face while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m (10,000 ft) Kangshung face. At the end of this traverse is an imposing 12 m (40 ft) rock wall called the "Hillary Step" at 8,760 m (28,750 ft).

Hillary and Tenzing were the first climbers to ascend this step and they did it with primitive ice climbing equipment and without fixed ropes. Nowadays, climbers will ascend this step using fixed ropes previously set up by Sherpas. Once above the step, it is a comparatively easy climb to the top on moderately angled snow slopes - though the exposure on the ridge is extreme especially while traversing very large cornices of snow. After the Hillary Step, climbers also must traverse a very loose and rocky section that has a very large entanglement of fixed ropes that can be troublesome in bad weather. Climbers will typically spend less than a half-hour on "top of the world" as they realize the need to descend to Camp IV before darkness sets in, afternoon weather becomes a serious problem, or supplemental oxygen tanks run out.

Northeast ridge

Everest North FaceThe northeast ridge route begins from the north side of Everest in Tibet. Expeditions trek to the Rongbuk Glacier, setting up Base Camp at 5,180 m (17,000 ft) on a gravel plain just below the glacier. To reach Camp II, climbers ascend the medial moraine of the east Rongbuk Glacier up to the base of Changtse at around 6,100 m (20,000 ft). Camp III (ABC - Advanced Base Camp) is situated below the North Col at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). To reach Camp IV on the north col, climbers ascend the glacier to the foot of the col where fixed ropes are used to reach the North Col at 7,010 m (23,000 ft). From the North Col, climbers ascend the rocky north ridge to set up Camp V at around 7,775 m (25,500 ft). The route goes up the north face through a series of gullies and steepens into downsloping slabby terrain before reaching the site of Camp VI at 8,230 m (27,000 ft). From Camp VI, climbers will make their final summit push. Climbers must first make their way through three rock bands known as First Step: 27,890 feet - 28,00 feet, Second Step: 28,140 feet - 28,300 feet, and Third Step: 28,510 feet - 28,870 feet. Once above these steps, the final summit slopes (50 to 60 degrees) to the top.

Ascents

Mount Everest as seen from the Rongbuk Monastery.Main article: Timeline of climbing Mount Everest

Early expeditions
On June 8, 1924, George Mallory and Andrew Irvine, both of the United Kingdom, made an attempt on the summit via the north col/north ridge route from which they never returned.

In 1999, the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition found Mallory's body in the predicted search area near the old Chinese camp. Controversy has raged in the mountaineering community as to whether the o may have summited 29 years before the confirmed ascent (and of course, safe descent) of Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953. The general consensus among climbers has been that they did not, though recent findings may indicate otherwise.

Mallory had gone on a speaking tour of the United States the year before in 1923; it was then that he exasperatedly gave the famous reply, "Because it is there," to a New York journalist in response to hearing the question, "Why climb Everest?" for seemingly the thousandth time. Comprehensive information is available at Mallory and Irvine: The Final Chapter including critical opposing viewpoints.

In 1933, Lady Houston, a British millionaire ex-showgirl, funded the Houston Everest Flight of 1933, which saw a formation of airplanes led by the Marquess of Clydesdale fly over the summit in an effort to deploy the British Union Jack flag at the top.

Early expeditions ascended the mountain from Tibet, via the north face. However, this access was closed to western expeditions in 1950, after the Chinese reasserted control over Tibet. However, in 1950, Bill Tilman and a small party which included Charles Houston, Oscar Houston and Betsy Cowles undertook an exploratory expedition to Everest through Nepal along the route which has now become the standard approach to Everest from the south.

First successful ascent by Tenzing and Hillary
In 1953, a ninth British expedition, led by John Hunt, returned to Nepal. Hunt selected two climbing pairs to attempt to reach the summit. The first pair (Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans) came within 300 feet of the summit on 26 May, but turned back after becoming exhausted. The next day, the expedition made its second and final assault on the summit with its second climbing pair. The summit was eventually reached at 11:30 am local time on May 29, 1953 by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal climbing the South Col Route. At the time, both acknowledged it as a team effort by the whole expedition, but Tenzing revealed a few years later that Hillary had put his foot on the summit first. They paused at the summit to take photographs and buried a few sweets and a small cross in the snow before descending. News of the expedition's success reached London on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. Returning to Kathman a few days later, Hillary and Hunt discovered that they had been promptly knighted for their efforts.

1996 disaster
During the 1996 climbing season, fifteen people died trying to reach the summit, making it the deadliest single year in Everest history. The disaster gained wide publicity and raised questions about the commercialization of Everest.

Journalist Jon Krakauer, on assignment from Outside magazine, was in one of the affected parties, and afterwards published the bestseller Into Thin Air which related his experience. Anatoli Boukreev, a guide who felt impugned by Krakauer's book, co-authored a rebuttal book called The Climb. The dispute sparked a large debate within the climbing community. In May 2004, Kent Moore, a physicist, and John L. Semple, a surgeon, both researchers from the University of Toronto, told New Scientist magazine that an analysis of weather conditions on that day suggested that freak weather caused oxygen levels to plunge by around 14%[14][15].

The storm's impact on climbers on the mountain's other side, the North Ridge, where several climbers also died, was detailed in a first hand account by British filmmaker and writer Matt Dickinson in his book The Other Side of Everest.

2003 - 50th Anniversary of First Ascent
2003 marked the 50th anniversary of the first ascent, and a record number of teams, including some very distinguished climbers, climbed or attempted to climb the mountain.

2005 - Helicopter landing
On 14 May 2005, pilot Didier Delsalle of France landed a Eurocopter AS 350 B3 Helicopter on the summit of Mount Everest[16] and remained there for two minutes. (His rotors were continually engaged; this is known as a "hover landing".) His subsequent take-off set the world record for highest take-off of a rotorcraft — a record that of course cannot be beaten.[17] Delsalle had also performed a take-off two days earlier from the South Col, leading to some confusion in the press about the validity of the summit cl

D. 用英語介紹珠穆朗瑪峰

Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.

E. 珠穆朗瑪峰的英文介紹

Mount Qomolangma (commonly known as Mount Qomolangma) is the main peak of the Himalayas and the highest mountain in the world.

譯文：珠穆朗瑪峰（俗稱珠峰）是喜馬拉雅山脈的主峰，同時是世界海拔最高的山峰

It lies on the border between China and Nepal.

譯文：位於中國與尼泊爾邊境線上。

The northern part is located in Dingri County, Tibet, China (Zhasong Township, Dingri County in the west, Qudang Township and Dingri County in the east, with the base camp of Mount Qomolangma)，and the southern part is located in Nepal.

譯文：北部在中國西藏定日縣境內（西坡在定日縣扎西宗鄉，東坡在定日縣曲當鄉，有珠峰大本營）南部在尼泊爾境內，是世界最高峰。

It is the highest mountain in the world and the center of Mount Everest Nature Reserve and Nepal National Park in four counties of China.

譯文：也是中國跨越四個縣的珠穆朗瑪峰自然保護區和尼泊爾國家公園的中心所在。

(5)介紹珠穆朗瑪峰英語怎麼說擴展閱讀：

珠穆朗瑪峰山體呈巨型金字塔狀，威武雄壯昂首天外，地形非常陡峭，環境非常復雜。雪線高度：北坡5800-6200米，南坡5500-6100米。東北脊、東南脊和西脊之間有三道陡壁（北牆、東牆和西南牆）。在這些山脊和懸崖之間有548個大陸冰川。總面積達1457.07k㎡，平均厚度達7260米。

珠峰所在的喜馬拉雅山地區原是一片海洋，在漫長的地質年代，從陸地上沖刷來大量的碎石和泥沙，堆積在喜馬拉雅山地區，形成了這里厚達3萬米以上的海相沉積岩層。

F. 我國的珠穆朗瑪峰用英語怎麼說啊

埃佛勒斯峰來--也譯為埃非爾士源峰
（即珠穆朗瑪峰）的翻譯是MountEverest
也簡略為MtEverest
但國人常這么翻譯：MountQomolangma或MountChomolungma
舉例：
.
珠穆朗瑪峰頂高聳入雲。
.
遠遠地可以看到埃非爾士峰（即珠穆朗瑪峰）。
MountQomolangmaisanawe-inspiringsight.
珠穆朗瑪峰是令人驚嘆的景象。

G. 珠穆朗瑪峰英文怎麼說

珠穆朗瑪峰Mount Jolmo Lungma

Everest
[5evErist]
n.
珠穆朗瑪峰(世界最高峰)

Everest
[5evErist]
n.
(=Mountain Everest )埃佛專勒斯峰屬(即珠穆朗瑪峰)

H. 珠穆朗瑪峰的英文資料

Mount Qomolangma referred to Mount Everest, and free translation for Everest, Nepal called the Sega Ma Tafeng, also called", Phyllis peak", is located in the people's Republic of China and Nepal at the junction of the Himalaya mountains, snow. Height of 8844.43 meters, is the world first peak, China's most beautiful, striking one of ten famous mountains.
Mount Everest is located in the District of Himalaya Range is an ocean, ring the long geological period, the land from erosion to large amounts of detritus and silt deposit in Himalaya Range area, formed here, up to 30000 meters thick marine sedimentary strata above. Later, because of the strong orogeny, the Himalaya Range region by extrusion and violent uplift, according to estimates, ten thousand every years on average about20to 30 meters elevation, up until now, the Himalaya mountain is still rising, every 100years 7cm.
With the passage of time, the height of Mount Qomolangma will because of the geography of plate motion, and changing. Interestingly, although the Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, but its summit is not distance to the most distant point. This special point belongs to the south of Mount Chimborazo. ( known solar system, the highest peak is27000 meters above sea level the Martian Olympus ). Mount Qomolangma tall towering figure, has been in the local and worldwide to proce tremendous effect.
珠穆朗瑪峰簡稱珠峰，又意譯作聖母峰，尼泊爾稱為薩加馬塔峰，也叫「埃非勒斯峰」，位於中華人民共和國和尼泊爾交界的喜馬拉雅山脈之上，終年積雪。高度8844.43米，為世界第一高峰，中國最美的、令人震撼的十大名山之一。
珠峰所在的喜馬拉雅山地區原是一片海洋，在漫長的地質年代，從陸地上沖刷來大量的碎石和泥沙，堆積在喜馬拉雅山地區，形成了這里厚達3萬米以上的海相沉積岩層。以後，由於強烈的造山運動，使喜馬拉雅山地區受擠壓而猛烈抬升，據測算，平均每一萬年大約升高20～30米，直至如今，喜馬拉雅山區仍處在不斷上升之中，每100年上升7厘米。
隨著時間的推移，珠穆朗瑪峰的高度還會因為地理板塊的運動，而不斷變化。有趣的是，珠穆朗瑪峰雖然是世界第一高峰，但是它的峰頂卻不是距離地心最遠的一點。這個特殊的點屬於南美洲的欽博拉索山。(已知太陽系最高峰是海拔27000米的火星奧林匹斯山)。珠穆朗瑪峰高大巍峨的形象，一直在當地以及全世界的范圍內產生著巨大的影響。

可以嗎？？

I. 關於珠穆朗瑪峰的英語作文有翻譯80詞

Mount Everest, also called Sagarmatha or Chomolungma, Qomolangma or Zhumulangma, is the highest mountain on Earth, as measured by the height of its summit above sea level, which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft).

The mountain, which is part of the Himalaya range in High Asia, is located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet, China.

珠穆朗瑪峰，簡稱珠峰，又意譯作聖母峰，位於中國和尼泊爾交界的喜馬拉雅山脈之上，海拔為8844.43米，終年積雪。是世界海拔第一高峰。

藏語珠穆朗瑪就是「大地之母」的意思，稱作聖母峰。藏語「珠穆」是女神之意，「朗瑪」應該理解成母象（在藏語里，「朗瑪」有兩種意思：高山柳和母象）。神話說珠穆朗瑪峰是長壽五天女所居住的宮室。

(9)介紹珠穆朗瑪峰英語怎麼說擴展閱讀

珠峰所在的喜馬拉雅山地區原是一片海洋，在漫長的地質年代，從陸地上沖刷來大量的碎石和泥沙，堆積在喜馬拉雅山地區，形成了這里厚達3萬米以上的海相沉積岩層。之後，由於強烈的造山運動，使喜馬拉雅山地區受擠壓而猛烈抬升，據測算，平均每一萬年大約升高20～30米，直至如今，喜馬拉雅山區仍處在不斷上升之中，每100年上升7厘米。

隨著時間的推移，珠穆朗瑪峰的高度還會因為地理板塊的運動而不斷變化。有趣的是，珠穆朗瑪峰雖然是世界第一高峰，但是它的峰頂卻不是距離地心最遠的一點。這個特殊的點屬於南美洲的欽博拉索山。珠穆朗瑪峰高大巍峨的形象，一直在當地以及全世界的范圍內產生著巨大的影響。

J. 英語介紹珠穆朗瑪峰，要有英文又有中文翻譯

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Mount Everest
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Mount Everest, also called Sagarmatha or Chomolungma, Qomolangma or Zhumulangma, is the highest mountain on Earth, as measured by the height of its summit above sea level, which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). The mountain, which is part of the Himalaya range in High Asia, is located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet, China.

In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of India established the first published height of Everest at 29,002 ft (8,840 m), although at the time Everest was known as Peak XV. In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India at the time. Waugh was unable to propose an established local name e to Nepal and Tibet being closed to foreigners at the time, although Chomolungma had been in common use by Tibetans for centuries.

The highest mountain in the world attracts climbers of all levels, from well experienced mountaineers to novice climbers willing to pay substantial sums to professional mountain guides to complete a successful climb. The mountain, while not posing substantial technical climbing difficulty on the standard route (other eight-thousanders such as K2 or Nanga Parbat are much more difficult), still has many inherent dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind. By the end of the 2007 climbing season, there had been 3,679 ascents to the summit by 2,436 indivials. This means climbers are a significant source of tourist revenue for Nepal, whose government also requires all prospective climbers to obtain an expensive permit, costing up to US$25,000 per person. Everest has claimed 210 lives, including 15 who perished ring a 1996 storm high on the mountain. Conditions are so difficult in the death zone that most corpses have been left where they fell, some of which are visible from standard climbing routes.

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珠穆朗瑪峰
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珠穆朗瑪峰，簡稱珠峰，又意譯作聖母峰，位於中國和尼泊爾交界的喜馬拉雅山脈之上，海拔為8844.43米，終年積雪。是世界海拔第一高峰。藏語珠穆朗瑪就是「大地之母」的意思，稱作聖母峰。藏語「珠穆」是女神之意，「朗瑪」應該理解成母象（在藏語里，「朗瑪」有兩種意思：高山柳和母象）。神話說珠穆朗瑪峰是長壽五天女（tshe-ring mched lnga）所居住的宮室。

西方更多的稱這山峰作額菲爾士峰或艾佛勒斯峰（Mount Everest），是紀念英國殖民者侵佔尼泊爾之時，負責測量喜馬拉雅山脈的英屬印度測量局局長喬治·額菲爾士（George Everest）。尼泊爾語名是薩迦瑪塔，意思是「天空之女神」。這名字是尼泊爾政府二十世紀六十年代起名的。由於此前，尼泊爾人民沒有給這山峰起名，而政府由於政治原因沒有選擇用音譯名稱。

1258年出土的《蓮花遺教》以「拉齊」稱之，噶舉派僧人桑吉堅贊《米拉日巴道歌集》稱珠穆朗瑪峰所在地為「頂多雪」。1717年，清朝測量人員在珠穆朗瑪峰地區測繪《皇輿全覽圖》，以「朱姆朗馬阿林」命名，「阿林」是滿語，意思是「山」。1952年中國政府更名為珠穆朗瑪峰。

1956年，中國中央人民政府內務部、出版總署通報「額菲爾士峰」應正名為「珠穆朗瑪峰」。2002年，中國大陸《人民日報》發表了一篇文章，對西方世界繼續使用的英文名稱"額菲爾士峰"，應正名為其藏語名字"珠穆朗瑪峰"。 該報認為，西方使用英語名稱"額菲爾士峰"前280年前中國的地圖上標志已以「珠穆朗瑪」命名。台灣傳統上一直以"聖母峰"稱呼此山，並在教科書中採用此意譯；近年來開始有人接受中國大陸"珠穆朗瑪峰"的名稱，但仍不普遍。