初中八年級語法英語怎麼說

⑴ 初中英語各語法怎麼說

您指的是初中各個語法的專業術語吧，這個語法專用術語在每冊書的後面都是有的，您可以翻一下。望採納

⑵ 初中英語語法大全

一般過去時，一般現在時過去進行時過去完成時現在完成時被動語態定語從句賓語從句一般將來時

⑶ 初中英語語法如何用英語表達

常用語法術語表
句法 syntax
詞法 morphology
結構 structure
層次 rank
詞類 part of speech
實詞 notional word
虛詞 structrural word

名詞 noun
專有名詞 proper noun
普通名詞 common noun
可數名詞 countable noun
不可數名詞 uncountable noun
抽象名詞 abstract noun
具體名詞 concret moun
物質名詞 material noun
集體名詞 collective noun
個體名詞 indivial noun

介詞 preposition
連詞 conjunction

動詞 verb
主動詞 main verb
及物動詞 transitive verb
不及物動詞 intransitive verb
系動詞 link verb
助動詞 auxiliary verb
情態動詞 modal verb
規則動詞 regular verb
不規則動詞 irregular verb
短語動詞 phrasal verb
限定動詞 finite verb
非限定動詞 infinite verb
使役動詞 causative verb
感官動詞 verb of senses
動態動詞 event verb
靜態動詞 state verb感嘆詞 exclamation

副詞 adverb

方式副詞 adverb of manner
程度副詞 adverb of degree
時間副詞 adverb of time
地點副詞 adverb of place
修飾性副詞 adjunct
連接性副詞 conjunct
疑問副詞 interogative adverb
關系副詞 relative adverb

代詞 pronoun
人稱代詞 personal pronoun
物主代詞 possesive pronoun
反身代詞 reflexive pronoun
相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun
指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun
疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun
關系代詞 relative pronoun
不定代詞 indefinite pronoun
物主代詞 possecive pronoun
名詞性物主代詞 nominal possesive prnoun
形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possesive pronoun

冠詞 article
定冠詞 definite article
不定冠詞 indefinite article

數詞 numeral
基數詞 cardinal numeral
序數詞 ordinal numeral
分數詞 fractional numeral

形式 form
單數形式 singular form
復數形式 plural form
限定動詞 finite verb form
非限定動詞 non-finite verb form
原形 base form

從句 clause
從屬句 subordinate clause
並列句 coordinate clause
名詞從句 nominal clause
定語從句 attributive clause
狀語從句 adverbial clause
賓語從句 object clause
主語從句 subject clause
同位語從句 appositive clause

時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time
地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place
方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner
讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession
原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause
結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result
目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose
條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition
真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence
簡單句 simple sentence
並列句 compound sentence
復合句 complex sentence
並列復合句 compound complex sentence
陳述句 declarative sentence
疑問句 interrogative sentence

一般疑問句 general question
特殊疑問句 special question
選擇疑問句 alternative question
附加疑問句 tag question
反義疑問句 disjunctive question
修辭疑問句 rhetorical question
感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question

存在句 existential sentence
肯定句 positive sentwence
否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence
省略句 elliptical sentence
感嘆句 exclamatory sentence
基本句型 basic sentence patern

句子成分 members of sentences
主語 subject
謂語 predicate
賓語 object
雙賓語 al object
直接賓語 direct object
間接賓語 indirect object
復合賓語 complex object
同源賓語 cognate object
補語 complement
主補 subject complement
賓補 object complement
表語 predicative
定語 attribute
同位語 appositive
狀語 adverbial

句法關系 syntatic relationship
並列 coordinate
從屬 subordination
修飾 modification
前置修飾 pre-modification
後置修飾 post-modification
限制 restriction
雙重限制 double-restriction
非限制 non-restriction

數 number
單數形式 singular form
復數形式 plural form
規則形式 regular form
不規則形式 irregular form

格 case
普通格 common case
所有格 possessive case
主格 nominative case
賓格 objective case

性 gender
陽性 masculine
陰性 feminine
通性 common
中性 neuter

人稱 person
第一人稱 first person
第二人稱 second person
第三人稱 third person

時態 tense
過去將來時 past future tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense
一般現在時 present simple tense
一般過去時 past simple tense
一般將來時 future simple tense
現在完成時 past perfect tense
過去完成時 present perfect tense
將來完成時 future perfect tense
現在進行時 present continuous tense
過去進行時 past continuous tense
將來進行時 future continuous tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense
過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense

語態 voice
主動語態 active voice
被動語態 passive voice

語氣 mood
陳述語氣 indicative mood
祈使語氣 imperative mood
虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood

否定 negation
否定范圍 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation
轉移否定 shift of negation

語序 order
自然語序 natural order
倒裝語序 inversion
全部倒裝 full inversion
部分倒裝 partial inversion

直接引語 direct speech
間接引語 indirect speech
自由直接引語 free direct speech
自由間接引語 free indirect speech

一致 agreement
主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement
語法一致 grammatical agreement
概念一致 notional agreement
就近原則 principle of proximity

強調 emphasis
重復 repetition
語音 pronunciation
語調 tone
升調 rising tone
降調 falling tone
降升調 falling-rising tone

文體 style
正式文體 formal
非正式文體 informal
口語 spoken/oral English
套語 formulistic expression
英國英語 British English
美國英語 American English
用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring
褒義 commendatory
貶義 derogatory
幽默 humorous 諷刺 sarcastic
挖苦 ironic

⑷ 初中英語人教版初二語法

Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態：(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?
重點短語：won't = will not
they'll = they will
she'll = she will
he'll = he will
I'll = I will
fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上（某人/某物）
be able to do sth. 能夠做某事
come true 實現
in the future 未來
hundreds of 數以百計的
thousands of 數以千計的
look for(sb./sth.) 尋找（某人/某物）
will → would 情態動詞 will 的原形和過去式
may → might 情態動詞 may 的原形和過去式

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片，預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)

Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
do/does 的過去將來時態形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態：(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?
重點短語：keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了？
out of style 不時髦的；過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處（好）
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種；許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be （情態動詞 + 動詞原形）可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下，一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態：(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?

動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 後加瞬間動詞，while 後加延續性動詞。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.

感嘆句
結構：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!

重點短語：get out 出去；離開
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 進來
hear about = hear of 聽說
take place 發生
as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現在時態，賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態，賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重點短語：direct speech 直接引語
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（該事未做）
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事（該事已做）
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……（加形容詞）
context 上下文

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞，你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)

Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態，狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點短語：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了？
in order to do sth. 為了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。）
make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容詞）
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（時間/錢）用於做某事
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事（強調整個過程）
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事（強調偶然性）
say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態：have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合：
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後，我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
重點短語：run out of 用完；用盡
by the way 順便說說
be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠處
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人
in fact 實際上
room 房間（用於可數名詞）；空間（用於不可數名詞）
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重點短語：not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候，我們需要尋找「主題語句」，也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」，或者每個文段的全部意思，來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後，該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)

Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送；分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時，常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題，達到總結的目的。)

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態：(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後，把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話，那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)

Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的，則必須用 no 回答。
例句：你還沒有準備好，對吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准備好了。
Yes, I am.

重點短語：look through 瀏覽
come along 出現；發生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級

更多語法知識點請參見書後附錄的 Grammar (語法) 章節。

⑸ 有初二英語重點語法的閱讀加翻譯

Another major work by Lu Xun is Wild Grass or Ye Cao a collection of prose poems. These were written in 1924 and 1926, roughly the same time period the stories of Wandering were being written. Some might consider some of the poems in Wild Grass to be his most pessimistic or macabre. I'd say "yes and no" to this. He writes in the introction:
The fire under the Earth churns, quickly moving up; once the lava gushes forth, it will burn away all the wild grass, as well as the deep-rooted plants, then there will be nothing left to rot.
Translated by Wang/Gallaher

Wild Grass is a work of dreams, including nightmares. Dogs speak, insects buzz and the sky tries to hide itself from us, the onlookers
魯迅的另一項主要工作是野生草或葉槽的散文詩集。這是在1924年和1926年寫的，大致相同的時間內漂泊的故事被寫入。有些人可能會考慮在一些野草的詩是他最悲觀的或可怕的。我會說「對與不對」這一點。他在介紹中寫道：
地球攪動下火，迅速跟進，一旦熔岩噴出來，它會燃燒了所有的野草，以及深根植物，就會有什麼留給腐爛。
譯王/加拉赫

野草是一種夢想，包括惡夢工作。狗說，昆蟲嗡嗡聲和天空試圖隱藏從我們自身，圍觀者

A private conversation 私人談話
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. 『It』s none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'.
上星期我去看戲。我的座位很好，戲很有意思，但我卻無法欣賞。一青年男子與一青年女子坐在我的身後，大聲地說著話。我非常生氣，因為我聽不見演員在說什麼。我回過頭去怒視著那一男一女，他們卻毫不理會。最後，我忍不住了，又一次回過頭去，生氣地說：「我一個字也聽不見了！」 「不關你的事，」那男的毫不客氣地說，「這是私人間的談話！」
Lesson 3 Please send me a card 請給我寄一張明信片
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧。去年夏天，我去了義大利。我參觀了博物館，還去了公園。一位好客的服務員教了我幾句義大利語，之後還借給我一本書。我讀了幾行，但一個字也不懂。我每天都想著明信片的事。假期過得真快，可我還沒有給我的朋友們寄過一張明信片。到了最後一天，我作出了一項重大決定。我早早起了床，買來了37張明信片。我在房間里關了整整一天。然而竟連一張明信片也沒寫成！

Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激動人心的旅行
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信，他正在澳大利亞。他在那兒已經住了6個月了。蒂姆是個工程師，正在一家大公司工作，並且已經去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久還將到達達爾文去，從那裡，他再飛往珀斯。我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
飛機誤點了，偵探們在機場等了整整一上午。他們正期待從南非來的一個裝著鑽石的貴重包裹。數小時以前，有人向警方報告，說有人企圖偷走這些鑽石。當飛機到達時，一些偵探等候在主樓內，另一些偵探則守候在停機坪上。有兩個人把包裹拿下飛機，進了海關。這時兩個偵探把住門口，另外兩個偵探打開了包裹。令他們吃驚的是，那珍貴的包裹裡面裝的全是石頭和沙子！
Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
喬.桑德斯擁有我們鎮上最漂亮的花園。幾乎每個人都參加每年舉辦的「最佳花園競賽」，而每次都是喬獲勝。比爾.弗里斯的花園比喬的花園大，他比喬也更為勤奮，種植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但喬的花園更富有情趣。他修築了一條條整潔的小路，並在一個池塘上架了一座小木橋。我也喜歡花園，但我卻不願意辛勤勞動。每年的花園競賽我也參加，但總因是鎮上最劣的花園而獲得一個小獎！

Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇
On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.
星期三的晚上，我們去了市政廳。 那是一年的最後一天，一大群人聚集在市政廳的大鍾下面。再過20分鍾，大鍾將敲響12下。15分鍾過去了，而就在11點55分時，大鍾停了。那根巨大的分針不動了。 我們等啊等啊，可情況沒有變化。突然有人喊道：「已經12點零2分了！那鍾已經停了！」我看了一下我的手錶，果真如此。那座大鍾不願意迎接新年。此時，大家已經笑了起來，同時唱起了歌。
Lesson20 One man in a boat 獨坐孤舟
Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.' It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
釣魚是我特別喜愛的一項運動。我經常一釣數小時卻一無所獲，但我從不為此煩惱。有些垂釣者就是不走運，他們往往魚釣不到，卻釣上來些舊靴子和垃圾。我的運氣甚至還不及他們。我什麼東西也未釣到過 -- 就連舊靴子也沒有。我總是在河上呆上整整一上午，然後空著袋子回家。「你可別再釣魚了！」我的朋友們說，「這是浪費時間。」然而他們沒有認識到重要的一點，我並不是真的對釣魚有興趣，我感興趣的只是獨坐孤舟，無所事事！
Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!
傍晚時分，孩子們在田野中央搭起了帳篷。這件事剛剛做完，他們就在篝火上燒起了飯。他們全都餓了，飯菜散發出陣陣香味。他們美美地吃了一頓飯後，就圍在營火旁講起了故事，唱起了歌。但過了一陣子。天下起雨來，於是他們撲滅了篝火，鑽進了帳篷。睡袋既暖和又舒服，所以，他們都睡得很香。午夜前後，有兩個孩子醒了，大聲叫了起來。原來帳篷里到處都是水！他們全都跳出睡袋，跑到外面。雨下得很大，他們發現地上已經形成了一條小溪。那小溪彎彎曲曲穿過田野，然後正好從他們的帳篷底下流過去。

樓主湊合著看看吧，給個同情分就ok~\(≥▽≤)/~啦啦啦

⑹ 求助！初中（我初二了）英語語法怎麼學急！！

初中的語法很抄簡單的，就三種時態，而且沒有什麼復雜的東西。光是上課就能把它消化了阿！薄冰真的不適合你們，我上研了還沒有讀過呢！
你如果基礎差的話，告你個很好的方法，就是大量閱讀，到時候你有語感了，什麼都自然而然地學會咯！

⑺ 初中八年級英語所有語法

現在完成時
1.構成
現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬於現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。
2.用法
（1）表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just, already, yet 等副詞修飾。常與非延續性動詞連用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已經）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常用延續性動詞，常帶有for和since（自從）等表示一段時間的狀語。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。
(3）表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作，現在成為一種經驗，一般譯為漢語「過」，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。
3．結構
1）陳述句結構：主語＋have( has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它。have not=haven』t has not= hasn』t.
2) 一般疑問句結構：Have( Has )＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？
3) 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn』t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn』t. / No, not yet.
4.現在完成時的時間狀語
1）現在完成時屬於現在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產生的後果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用於肯定句中，yet一般用於否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b. 用ever 和never。多用於否定或疑問句中，表示「曾經」或「從未「等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just（剛剛）, before（以前）, up to now（直到現在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今為止) recently 等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪裡見過。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那裡三次了。 d.用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那裡多少次？
2） 現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示「一段時間」的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始，一直持續到現在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示「一段時間」的狀語連用。要用，必須改為「be（在）」等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換：
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以說He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。（不可以說has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鍾了。（不可以說has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以說have begun） 我們（開始）學英語已三年了。
5. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生，不表示和現在的關系。試比較：
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現在還未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現在找到與否沒說明）
6.幾點注意事項 （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區別：have been(to) 表示「去過某地（現在已經回來了）」，可用於各人稱；have gone(to) 表示「去某地了（說話時某人不在當地）」，常用於第 三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，後者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）「It is或has been + 一段時間+ since引導的時間狀語從句」表示「某人干某事已經多長時間了」。since從句的謂語要用非延續性動詞 若動詞延續，則譯成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住這兒已有三年了。 （3）終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續的狀態，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。 （4）.提問for短語或since狀語用how long。
(5).完成時的否定形式與比較級連用表達最高級含義。如：
I have never seen a better film.我從未看過一部更好的電影。（這部最好）
註：否定式與比較級連用表示最高級含義不一定用於完成時態。如：
--- What about going fishing? --- I can』t agree more.(我再同意不過了哦)
.語法—直接引語變間接引語（多數情況下變為賓語 從句）
(1). 直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that 引導（口語中可以省略引導詞）賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「I』ll visit my aunt tomorrow.」 Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,」 It』s important to finish your homework.」
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
「_______________________________________.」they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn』t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said』」_______________________________.」
(2). 直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，變為由連詞if 或whether引導的賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「Will you have a surprise party for me?」 he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,」 Can you help me?」 ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，」__________________________________?」
(3). 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語時，疑問詞不變，賓語從句用陳述語序。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. The teacher asked,」 Why are all the windows open?」
______________________________________________.
b. 「When will you find out the time?」 she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. 「What』s the matter with you, Alice?」 he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引語如果是肯定型祈使句，變為間接引語時，謂語變為tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「Make sure the door is closed，」 she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. 「Tell me the news, please.」 Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
「_______________________________，」 he said to me.
(5).直接引語如果是否定型祈使句，變為間接引語時，謂語變為tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：a. 「Don』t smoke in the room,」 he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. 「Don』t shout at the old man,」 I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
「____________________________, 「 our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don』t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at

2. if 條件句 在一般將來時的句子里（指主句），時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替將來時。當主句含有情態動詞或主句為祈使句時，從句也用一般現在時。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.

附加疑問句
附加疑問句由「陳述句 + 附加疑問句」兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式：前肯後否或前否後肯。對附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點： 1）主語只能用人稱代詞；2）附加疑問句的not必須與（be /助/情）縮寫；3）附加疑問句的時態必須與陳述部分的時態一致。
Tom is a worker, isn』t Tom? (改錯) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改錯) ______
特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句
1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等時，附加疑問句應使用肯定形式；但如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前綴構成的派生詞時，該陳述句部分仍做肯定處理，疑問部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren』t they?
2. this/that作主語時，無論是否指人，疑問部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn』t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陳述部分的主語如果是one, 疑問部分主語用one或he。One can』t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時，附加疑問句的主語應用it；陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時，附加疑問句的主語應用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陳述部分是祈使句時，附加疑問句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let』s…（包括聽者在內）, 附加疑問句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括聽者在內）， 附加疑問句一般用will you? Let』s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陳述部分是there be結構時，應用be there?結構來完成。 There』s little water, _________？
7..陳述部分含that引導的賓語從句時，疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句陳述部分是」I / We think (believe, suppose) +賓語從句」時，附加問句應與從句一致。I』m sure + 賓語從句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don』t think you are right，________?
3) I』m sure you』ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陳述部分是I am… , 附加疑問部分為aren』t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陳述部分含had better, would like時， 疑問部分分別用hadn』t…?和wouldn』t…? You』d better go out , _______________? You』d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陳述部分是感嘆句，附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致，疑問部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn』t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容詞表示一類人，其附加疑問句主語用復數代詞。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…， …and…等連接的並列主語，附加疑問部分用復數。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn』t they?
13.當陳述部分含有have to時，附加疑問部分的助動詞應根據have 的變化，分別用don』t， doesn』t， didn』t。 He has to take your advice, doesn』t he?
14.當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或片語時，附加疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn』t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.當陳述部分含有wish時，附加疑問部分的助動詞用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 當陳述部分的謂語是「used to+動詞原形（過去常常干某事）」時，疑問部分用「didn』t+主語」或「usedn』t +主語」。 He used to live in London, didn』t he? / usedn』t he?

⑻ 初中英語語法人教版（初二）

send sb.sth=send sth to sb.寄給某人某自物
decide to do sth.決定做某事

forget to do sth.忘記做某事（此事還沒做）
forget doing sh.忘記做過某事（此事已做，但忘了）