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虛擬語氣英語怎麼說及英文單詞

發布時間: 2021-01-30 09:41:56

❶ 關於英語虛擬語氣

^1:不是有without就得虛擬
這里其實省略了if
是if without your help,we ^^^^^^^^
這樣就理解了專吧
2:這樣的句子太屬多了
i can not live without you.

❷ 虛擬的英文單詞是什麼

虛擬的英文單詞是:virtual、subjunctive

單詞解析:

1、virtual

讀音:英 ['vɜːtʃuəl] 美 ['vɜːrtʃuəl]

adj. 實質的;【計】虛擬的

For example, in a Virtual space, Students can "dissect" a human body, "visit" ancient battlefields, or "talk" with Shakespeare, ...

比如,在虛擬的空間中,學生們可以與莎士比亞「對話」。

2、subjunctive

讀音:英 [səb'dʒʌŋktɪv] 美 [səb'dʒʌŋktɪv]

adj. 虛擬的

If there were no subjunctive mood, English.

如果沒有虛擬語氣,英語將容易多了。

(2)虛擬語氣英語怎麼說及英文單詞擴展閱讀

virtual近義詞

1、effective

讀音:英 [ɪ'fektɪv] 美 [ɪ'fektɪv]

adj. 有效的;生效的;實際的

Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.

做廣告往往是最有效的推銷方法。

2、actual

讀音:英 ['æktʃuəl] 美 ['æktʃuəl]

adj. 實際的;事實上的

We call the baby Doc. His actual name is Daniel.

我們把這個嬰兒叫做多克,他的實際名字是丹尼爾。

❸ 英語虛擬語氣有哪幾種用法。

1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣主語從句中的虛擬語氣主要取決於某些形容詞和過去分詞,用來表示建議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。2.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和願望等名詞後面的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要求使用虛擬語氣。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。
3.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

1)某些動詞後所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣,用來表示建議、命令和要求等。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。
2)在以it為形式賓語的復合賓語從句中也可以用虛擬語氣,其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。這一句型中使用的形容詞(賓補)與主語從句中的虛擬語氣所使用的形容詞相同。3)wish後面所跟的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣表示某種不能實現的願望。

其主要形式有三種:
表示對現在情況的虛擬:wish +主語+動詞過去式或were表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish +主語+ had +過去分詞表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish +主語+ would +動詞原形。4. if條件句中的虛擬語氣形式1)if非真實條件句所表示的假設則是不可能或不大可能發生或實現的,句中的主句與從句都用虛擬語氣。
在if非真實虛擬條件句中,主句和從句謂語動詞主要有下面幾種形式:
假設類型條件從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與現在事實相反動詞過去時(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+動詞原形與過去事實相反Had +過去分詞Should(would,could, might)+ have +過去分詞與將來事實可能相反動詞過去時(should+動詞原形,were to +動詞原形)Should(would,could,might)+動詞原形
5.含蓄虛擬條件句1)有時假設的情況並不以條件從句形式表示出來,而是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。常用的詞或短語有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。6.其他句型中的虛擬語氣1)在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等後面所跟的從句中,也可以用虛擬語氣,表示願望,意為「寧願、但願」。這就是個大概吧,我從我們的大學英語教師版網路部分裡面貼過來的,這些應該都是你能看懂的,其他的,我感覺有點難度的就略去了,希望對你有幫助,謝謝

❹ 英語虛擬語氣詳解

1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
------------------------------------------------------------------------ eg . If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點,他將錯過巴士。( 真實條件狀語)(不是虛擬語氣) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的,他會要求我講故事。(真實條件狀語)(不是虛擬語氣) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去。 (非真實條件狀語從句) If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(非真實條件狀語從句)
2、用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況: if+主語+過去時+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:學習不用功) 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 if+主語+had done +其他+主語+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例: 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。(事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。(事實:沒有聽我的話) 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 ①if+主語+did/should/were to do+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主語+did/be(were)+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主語+should+do+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,"should+動詞原形"構成,should 可省略。 4、 有時,虛擬條件句中,結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時,虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反,而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話,我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話,我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反,而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話,我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話,他肯定會去問候她了。 ③從句的動作與過去發生的情況相反,而主句的動作與現在正在發生的情況相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話,莊家會長得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的話,他現在已進了辦公室了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時,if可以省略,這時條件從句要用倒裝語序,即將were, should, had等詞置於句首,這種多用於書面語。如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話,我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話,她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話,我們會已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來,只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數情況下,條件會暗含在短語中,如without…., but for….等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助,我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導,我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時,虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個,來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該會通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
編輯本段虛擬語氣(Subjective Mood)的其他用法
1、虛擬語氣用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望,謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的願望,謂語動詞:had+done(動詞過去分詞) eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。(事實:原來不知道) c、表示將來難以實現的願望 謂語動詞:should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了) (註:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
2、虛擬語氣用在目的狀語從句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導的,若用虛擬語氣時,從句謂語為:should + 動詞原形。並且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍,以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
3、虛擬語氣的其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher』s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher』s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher』s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher』s advice 註:insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如:He insist he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學生。 這個語句表示的是事實,因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣,意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔心。 這個句子本身是事實,因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 ③表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型:It is.......that 結構後的主語從句,從句的謂語動詞都要用 should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 ④虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳網路之方式狀語從句詞條。 2、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中,可用虛擬語氣,主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。 3、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引導的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結構為: ① may +動詞原形(指現在或將來)。如: We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發生什麼事,我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪裡,我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多麼晚,我都會等他。 ② may +完成式(指過去) ,主句結構不限。如: You mustn』t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多麼大的進步,你也不能驕傲 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什麼錯誤,我們必須尊敬他。 4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望,故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為: 表示所發生的時間虛擬語氣結構 過去 had + 過去分詞; 現在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如:I』d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 I』d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。 We』d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 5、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中,表示:「早該做某事了」時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形,即從句用虛擬過去式。 如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 6、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 (1) 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should + 原形動詞。如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。 I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。 (2) 表示「祝願」時,常用「may + 主語+ 動詞原形+ 其他」。如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 (3)表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時,常用動詞原形。如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (4) 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 (1) 提出請求或邀請。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎? (2) 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 (3) 提出勸告或建議。如: You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。 (4) 提出問題。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎? (5) 表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:「情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞」。如: You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應該把他還給他了。引

❺ 虛擬語氣用英語怎麼說

虛擬語氣
[名] subjunctive mood;
[例句]在英語中有三種語氣:陳述語氣,祈使語氣和專虛屬擬語氣。
There are three kinds of mood in english: the indicative mood, the imperative mood and the subjunctive mood.

❻ 美式英語的虛擬語氣

兩者是一樣的,只是有些單詞的拼寫和發音不同.還有些單詞的不同,比如 電梯 美國人用elevator英國人用lift 再如 秋天 英國人用automn 而美國人用fall

❼ 英語虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。
真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設或實際可能性不大的情況,故採用虛擬語氣。 eg: If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點,他將錯過巴士。( 真實) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的,他會要求我講故事。(真實) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去。 (非真實,虛擬語氣) If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(非真實,虛擬語氣)
用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況: 從句:主語+過去時 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:沒有努力) 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句:主語+had done 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done 例: 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。 (事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 (事實:沒有聽我的話) 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 從句:①if+主語+were to do 主句:①主語+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主語+did/were ②主語+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主語+should+do ③主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 4、 有時,虛擬條件句中,結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時,虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反,而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。 如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話,我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話,我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反,而主句的動作與過去事實不符。 如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話,我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話,他肯定會去問候她了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時,if可以省略,這時條件從句要用倒裝語序,即將were, should, had等詞置於句首,這種多用於書面語。 如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話,我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話,她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些電腦知識的話,我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來,只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數情況下,條件會暗含在短語中,如without…., but for….等 如: But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助,我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導,我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時,虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個,來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該能通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
編輯本段虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望,謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的願望,謂語動詞:had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。(事實:原來不知道) c、表示將來難以實現的願望 謂語動詞:should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了) (註:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
用在目的狀語從句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導的從句中,若用虛擬語氣時,從句謂語為:should + 動詞原形。並且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍,以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。 如: He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣;翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如:He insists he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學生。 這個語句表示的是事實,因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣,意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含著他很擔心。 這個句子本身是事實,因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 2、表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。 句型:It is.......that +主語從句,從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 3、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中,可用虛擬語氣,主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。(事實:他沒來) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實:華佗不在世) 4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引導的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結構為: 指現在或將來: may +動詞原形。 如: We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管發生什麼事,我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 無論他在哪裡,我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多麼晚,我都會等他。 指過去: may +完成式 。 如: You mustn』t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多麼大的進步,你也不能驕傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什麼錯誤,我們必須尊敬他。 5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望,故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:
過去 had + 過去分詞 現在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如: I』d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 I』d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。 We』d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中,表示:「早該做某事了」時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形,即從句用虛擬過去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 7、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 (1) 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should + 動詞原形。 如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。 I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。 (2) 表示「祝願」時,常用may + 主語+ 動詞原形。 如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 (3)表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時,常用動詞原形。 如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (4) 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 ① 提出請求或邀請。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎? ② 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 ③提出勸告或建議。如: You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。 ④ 提出問題。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎? ⑤ 表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞。 如: You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應該把它還給他了。 8、虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳見網路之方式狀語從句詞條。
編輯本段四、省略的虛擬條件句型
省略連詞if
有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略,但此時應用倒裝句型,即將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首: Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆,我會拒絕。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我會去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞,我們就准時到達了。 【注】 ① 若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應置於主語之後,而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren』t, Shouldn』t, Hadn』t而置於句首。 ② 有時省略if後提前的had不是助動詞: Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時間,我會來的。(=If I had time…)
省略條件句的主語和其後的動詞be
若主從句主語一致,且謂語部分包含有動詞be,通常可將主語和動詞be省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早點兒修一下,拖拉機就不會拋錨了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略「it+be」
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的話我會派更多的民工去幫你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
省略整個條件從句
這樣的省略通常需要藉助一定的上下文,即省略條件從句後,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以親自去看她,這樣好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
編輯本段在含蓄條件句中的用法
(1) 條件暗含在短語中。如: We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。(暗含條件是otherwise) Without your help, we wouldn』t have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助,我們不可能取得這么大的成績。 (暗含條件是介詞短語without your help) But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助,我的實驗就不會成功。(暗含條件是but for your help) It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。 (暗含條件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately) (2) 條件暗含在上下文中。如: I would not have done it that way. 我是不會那麼做的。(可能暗含if I were you) I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。否則我會來幫你的。(可能暗含if I hadn』t been so busy.) You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以參加我們的討論。(可能暗含if you wanted to) I would have bought the DVD player. 我是會買下那台影碟機的。(可能暗含if I had the money) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨,我們還會早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。

❽ 英語中虛擬語氣的詳解。。。 謝謝

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。
虛擬語氣常在表示條件和結果的狀語從句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時動詞有三種時態:現在時,過去時,將來時,過去完成時,現在完成時。 在條件句中的應用:條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況,故採用虛擬語氣。 虛擬語氣
在什麼情況下用虛擬語氣? 在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現的情況時用虛擬語氣,表示主觀願望或表示某種強烈情感時,也用虛擬語氣。即當一個人說話時欲強調其所說的話是基於自己的主觀想法,而不是根據客觀實際,就用虛擬語氣。

虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法
1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
------------------------------------------------------------------------ eg . If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點,他將錯過巴士。( 真實條件狀語)(不是虛擬語氣) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的,他會要求我講故事。(真實條件狀語)(不是虛擬語氣) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去。 (非真實條件狀語從句) If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(非真實條件狀語從句)
2、用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況: if+主語+過去時+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:沒有努力 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 if+主語+had done +其他+主語+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例: 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。(事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。(事實:沒有聽我的話) 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 ①if+主語+were to do+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主語+did/be(were)+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主語+should+do+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,"should+動詞原形"構成,should 可省略。 4、 有時,虛擬條件句中,結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時,虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反,而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話,我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話,我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反,而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話,我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話,他肯定會去問候她了。 ③從句的動作與過去發生的情況相反,而主句的動作與現在正在發生的情況相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話,莊稼會長得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的話,他現在已進了辦公室了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時,if可以省略,這時條件從句要用倒裝語序,即將were, should, had等詞置於句首,這種多用於書面語。如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話,我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話,她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話,我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來,只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數情況下,條件會暗含在短語中,如without…., but for….等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助,我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導,我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時,虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個,來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該能通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、

。。。。。。。。。。。

等等 ,詳見網路「虛擬語氣」

❾ 要是能去就好了(虛擬語氣) 用英語怎麼說

It
would
be
better
if
I
were
able
to
go
這樣抄說是可以的。
虛擬語氣
的一種就是用過去式的專形勢來表示。
還有一種可以帶wish,也要虛屬擬。
I
wish
I
were
able
to
go

❿ 英語的虛擬語氣的用法

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。
真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設或實際可能性不大的情況,故採用虛擬語氣。 eg: If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點,他將錯過巴士。( 真實) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的,他會要求我講故事。(真實) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去。 (非真實,虛擬語氣) If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(非真實,虛擬語氣)
用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況: 從句:主語+過去時 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:沒有努力) 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句:主語+had done 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done 例: 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。 (事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 (事實:沒有聽我的話) 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 從句:①if+主語+were to do 主句:①主語+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主語+did/were ②主語+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主語+should+do ③主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 4、 有時,虛擬條件句中,結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時,虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反,而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。 如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話,我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話,我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反,而主句的動作與過去事實不符。 如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話,我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話,他肯定會去問候她了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時,if可以省略,這時條件從句要用倒裝語序,即將were, should, had等詞置於句首,這種多用於書面語。 如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話,我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話,她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些電腦知識的話,我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來,只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數情況下,條件會暗含在短語中,如without…., but for….等 如: But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助,我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導,我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時,虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個,來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該能通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
編輯本段虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望,謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的願望,謂語動詞:had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。(事實:原來不知道) c、表示將來難以實現的願望 謂語動詞:should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了) (註:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
用在目的狀語從句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導的從句中,若用虛擬語氣時,從句謂語為:should + 動詞原形。並且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍,以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。 如: He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣;翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如:He insists he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學生。 這個語句表示的是事實,因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣,意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含著他很擔心。 這個句子本身是事實,因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 2、表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。 句型:It is.......that +主語從句,從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 3、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中,可用虛擬語氣,主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。(事實:他沒來) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實:華佗不在世) 4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引導的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結構為: 指現在或將來: may +動詞原形。 如: We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管發生什麼事,我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 無論他在哪裡,我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多麼晚,我都會等他。 指過去: may +完成式 。 如: You mustn』t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多麼大的進步,你也不能驕傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什麼錯誤,我們必須尊敬他。 5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望,故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:
過去 had + 過去分詞 現在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如: I』d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 I』d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。 We』d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中,表示:「早該做某事了」時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形,即從句用虛擬過去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 7、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 (1) 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should + 動詞原形。 如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。 I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。 (2) 表示「祝願」時,常用may + 主語+ 動詞原形。 如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 (3)表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時,常用動詞原形。 如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (4) 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 ① 提出請求或邀請。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎? ② 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 ③提出勸告或建議。如: You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。 ④ 提出問題。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎? ⑤ 表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞。 如: You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應該把它還給他了。 8、虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳見網路之方式狀語從句詞條。
編輯本段四、省略的虛擬條件句型
省略連詞if
有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略,但此時應用倒裝句型,即將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首: Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆,我會拒絕。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我會去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞,我們就准時到達了。 【注】 ① 若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應置於主語之後,而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren』t, Shouldn』t, Hadn』t而置於句首。 ② 有時省略if後提前的had不是助動詞: Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時間,我會來的。(=If I had time…)
省略條件句的主語和其後的動詞be
若主從句主語一致,且謂語部分包含有動詞be,通常可將主語和動詞be省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早點兒修一下,拖拉機就不會拋錨了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略「it+be」
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的話我會派更多的民工去幫你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
省略整個條件從句
這樣的省略通常需要藉助一定的上下文,即省略條件從句後,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以親自去看她,這樣好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
編輯本段在含蓄條件句中的用法
(1) 條件暗含在短語中。如: We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。(暗含條件是otherwise) Without your help, we wouldn』t have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助,我們不可能取得這么大的成績。 (暗含條件是介詞短語without your help) But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助,我的實驗就不會成功。(暗含條件是but for your help) It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。 (暗含條件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately) (2) 條件暗含在上下文中。如: I would not have done it that way. 我是不會那麼做的。(可能暗含if I were you) I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。否則我會來幫你的。(可能暗含if I hadn』t been so busy.) You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以參加我們的討論。(可能暗含if you wanted to) I would have bought the DVD player. 我是會買下那台影碟機的。(可能暗含if I had the money) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨,我們還會早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。 虛擬語氣
一. 概念:用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。
二.真實條件句用陳述語氣
1.真實條件句表示的假想是真實的或有可能性
2.句型:條件從句(一般現在時)+主句(shall/will+動詞原形)
3.注意:當表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall/will+動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時
三.虛擬語氣用於非真實條件句中
1.表示同現在事實相反的假想,可以表示現在,過去或將來的情況
2.表示同過去事實相反的假想
句型:條件從句(過去完成時had done)+主句(should/would have+過去分詞)
3.表示對將來的假想
句型:①條件從句為一般過去式;主句為should+動詞原形
②條件從句為were+動詞原形;主句為would
③條件從句為should+動詞原形; 主句為would
4.表示錯綜復雜的條件
有時,主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間,一個發生在過去,一個發生在現在。
5.虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were, should, 或had時, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到從句的句首,實行倒裝。
6.特殊的虛擬語氣詞should
1)在主語從句中的應用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等結構的主語從句,謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的詞有三類 that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在賓語從句中的應用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞後面的從句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開個會議。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅持要某人做某事時",即它們用於其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。
3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞後面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動詞原形。
wish的用法
1)wish後面的從句,表示與事實相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實現的願望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為:
主句 從句
從句動作先於主句動詞動作(be的過去式為 were) 現在時 過去時
從句動作與主句動作同時發生(had + 過去分詞) 過去時 過去完成時
將來不大可能實現的願望 將來時 would/could +動詞原形
8. 比較if only與only if
only if表示"只有";if only則表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用於陳述語氣。
9.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 後面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形,但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。
needn't have done表示過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。
相關練習題
1.(B)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考點:真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現在時。
注意:
1)在真實條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.
(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時的動詞形式
1.(C)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考點:在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞,通常將if省略,主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說 Weren't I to do。
2.(D)There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考點:needn't have done. 意為"本不必",即已經做了某事,而時實際上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正確,對過去發生的事情進行否定性推斷應為couldn't have done, "不可能已經"。 must not do 不可以(用於一般現在時)。

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