初中英語單數變復數怎麼寫
Ⅰ 初中英語名詞復數
可數名詞有單數(Singular Form)和復數(Plural Form)兩種形式。表示一個人或物用單數形式,表示一個以上的人或物用復數形式。
1.一般在詞尾加-s。s在濁輔音後面讀[z],在清輔音後面讀[s],在[t]後與[t]一起讀[ts]在[d]後與[d]一起讀[dz]。例如:
book — books 書 day — days 天、日
dog — dogs 狗 tree — trees 樹
2.以s,sh,ch,x結尾的詞在詞尾加-es,讀[iz].例如:
glass — glasses 玻璃杯 watch — watches 手錶
box — boxes 盒子 brush — brushes 刷子
3.以o結尾的詞有些加-es,讀[z];有些加-s,讀[s]。例如:
tomato — tomatoes 西紅柿 potato — potatoes 土豆
photo — photos 相片 radio — radios 收音機
zoo — zoos 動物園
4.以f 或fe 結尾的詞,先把f 改為v,再加–es,讀[vz]。例如:
knife — knives 小刀 leaf — leaves 樹葉
life — lives 生命 thief — thieves 小偷
5.以輔音字母加y 結尾的,先把y 改為i,再加-es,讀[z]。例如:
story — stories 故事 city — cities 城市
family — families 家庭 baby — babies 嬰兒
注意:boy — boys 男孩 toy — toys 玩具 key — keys 鑰匙
6.有些名詞有不規則的復數形式。例如:
man — men 男人 woman — women 婦女
tooth — teeth 牙齒 foot — feet 腳
7.有些名詞的單復數形式相同。例如;
deer — deer 鹿 sheep — sheep綿羊
Chinese — Chinese 中國人 Japanese — Japanese 日本人
8.有些學科名詞雖以s 結尾,但通常都做單數名詞看待。例如:
physics 物理 maths 數學 politics 政治 news 新聞
9.有些單數形式的名詞具有復數的含義,要當作復數看待。例如:
people 人們,人民 police 警察 public 公眾
Ⅱ 初中英語謂語動詞用單數還是復數相關語法
你這樣的表述是錯的,能表示一類人只有the+形容詞(謂語用復數)還有the+集體名詞(謂語用復數),trainer不是集體名詞,而是可數的,想表示一類人,只需要用trainers即可(沒有the!)
Ⅲ 初中英語單詞之間的轉化有什麼口訣么
一.冠詞基本用法
【速記口訣】
名詞是禿子,常要戴帽子,
可數名詞單,須用a或an,
輔音前用a, an在母音前,
若為特指時,則須用定冠,
復數不可數,泛指the不見,
碰到代詞時,冠詞均不現。
【妙語詮釋】
冠詞是必考的語法知識之一,也是考查的主要對象。以上口訣包括的意思有:
①名詞在一般情況下不單用,常常要和冠詞連用;
②表示不確指的可數名詞單數前要用不定冠詞a或an,確指時要用定冠詞the;
③如復數名詞表示泛指,名詞前有this,these,my,some等時就不用冠詞。
二.名詞單數變復數法則
【速記口訣】
單數變復數,規則要記住,
一般加s,特殊有幾處:
【妙語詮釋】
①大部分單數可數名詞變為復數要加s,也就是單詞如果以ch,sh,s,x等結尾),則一般加es;
②以o結尾的單詞除了兩人(negro,hero)兩菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其餘一般加s;
③以f或fe結尾的單詞一般是把f,fe變為ve再加s;
④英語中還有些單詞沒有規則,需要特殊記憶,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
三.名詞所有格用法
【速記口訣】
名詞所有格,表物是「誰的」,
若為生命詞,加「』s」即可行,
詞尾有s,僅把逗號擇;
並列名詞後,各自和共有,
前者分別加,後者最後加;
若為無生命詞,of所有格,
前後須倒置,此是硬規則。
【妙語詮釋】
①有生命的名詞所有格一般加s,但如果名詞以s結尾,則只加「』」;
②並列名詞所有格表示各自所有時,分別加「』s」,如果是共有,則只在最後名詞加「』s」;
③如果是無生命的名詞則用of表示所有格,這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語不同,A of B要翻譯為B的A。
英語拼讀規則口訣_查看更多商家
四.接不定式作賓語的動詞
【速記口訣】
三個希望兩答應,兩個要求莫拒絕;
設法學會做決定,不要假裝在選擇。
Ⅳ 初中英語
(一)、及物動詞與不及物動詞
英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語,可把動詞分成及物動詞與和及物動詞。
1.及物動詞: 字典里詞後標有vt. 的就是及物動詞。及物動詞後必須跟有動作的對象(即賓語),可直接跟賓語。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
2.不及物動詞:字典里詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的對象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其後添加上某個介詞,如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。
具體每個動詞後究竟加什麼介詞就得背動詞短語了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 賓語(動作的對象):是名詞或代詞,或相當於名詞的詞或短語(如動名詞)。其它詞不看作動作的對象呢。
4.舉例:「看」
(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(即不能直接加賓語). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副詞,不是名詞,故不作賓語喲)
(3)look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞,作賓語了)
(二)、什麼是反意疑問句
前面是肯定,後面就否定
前面是否定,後面就肯定
eg:
1.It is a find day,isn't it?
2.It isn't a find day,is it?
前面是肯定,後面就否定
前面是否定,後面就肯定
eg:
1.It is a find day,isn't it?
2.It isn't a find day,is it?
(三)初中英語八種時態歸納復習
l 時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容,廣大初中學生在實際運用時,往往對時態總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復習一下這幾種時態。
一、 一般現在時:
l 概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
l 時間狀語:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
l 基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
l 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
l 一般疑問句:①把be動詞放於句首;②用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
二、 一般過去時:
l 概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
l 時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
l 基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
l 否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
l 一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
三、 現在進行時:
l 概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
l 時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
l 基本結構:am/is/are+doing
l 否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
l 一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
四、 過去進行時:
l 概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
l 時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
l 基本結構:was/were+doing
l 否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
l 一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
五、 現在完成時:
l 概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
l 時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
l 基本結構:have/has + done
l 否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
l 一般疑問句:have或has。
六、 過去完成時:
l 概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
l 時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
l 基本結構:had + done.
l 否定形式:had + not + done.
l 一般疑問句:had放於句首。
七、 一般將來時:
l 概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
l 時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
l 基本結構:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
l 否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
l 一般疑問句:①be放於句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、 過去將來時:
l 概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
l 時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
l 基本結構:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
l 否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
l 一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②would/should 提到句首。
l Ⅱ. 幾種常見時態的相互轉換
l 英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見的轉換形式:
一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
n 在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
n 在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:
l Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
l Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
n 在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
l The train is leaving soon.
l The train will leave soon.
l 四、「be going to+動詞原形」與「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構的轉換
n 「be going to+動詞原形」、表示打算、計劃要做的事;將來時「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構在書面語中,當主語為第一人稱時,常用助動詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。請看:
l We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
l We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
l Ⅲ. 中考動詞時態考點分析
一、 根據時間狀語確定時態的原則
l 1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002遼寧)
l A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
l [析] 1. C。since後接時間的起點,for後接時間段,主句動詞用現在完成時,應注意瞬間動詞與延續性動詞的使用。
二、 在復合句根據時態呼應確定時態的原則
l 2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龍江 )
l A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes
l C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come
n [析] 2. C。if既可引導賓語從句,也可引導狀語從句。充當賓語從句的連接詞時,相當於whether,詞義是「是否」。充當狀語從句的連接詞時,詞義是「如果」。從時態看,if引導賓語從句時謂語動詞的時態應根據主句的時態作相應的變化;引導表示將來動作或狀態的條件句時,若主句用一般將來時,則從句通常用一般現在時表示將來。
三、 根據上下文已有時態信息點確定時態的原則
l 3. –When this kind of computer ?
l --Last year. (2002天津)
l A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
l [析] 3. B。此例由下句的時間狀語推斷出一般過去時態,並且要考慮到被動語態。
四、 利用上下文語意確定時態的原則
l 4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn』t see you at the party.
l --Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西)
l A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
l [析] 4. B。此例由didn』t, at the party推斷出應用過去進行時。
五、 時態中的「特殊」對策的原則
l 5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002遼寧)
l A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
l [析] 5. A。 有些動詞其動詞的時態是「違背常理」的。如賓語從句表示的是一個客觀事實或客觀真理時,其時態不受主句限制而用一般現在時表示。
l Ⅳ. 中考實戰題練兵
l Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense:
l 1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. (2002徐州市)
l 2. I think he (be) back in a week. (2002南京市)
l 3. –Who (knock) at the door?
l --I don』t know. Let me go and see. (2002連雲港市)
l 4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) today』s work for tomorrow. (2002連雲港市)
l 5. -- your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox?
l --No. They』re still in his bedroom. (2002南通市)
l 6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. (2002遼寧)
l 7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. (2002上海市)
l 8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they
l (come) to work in China in 2001. (2002曲靖市)
l 9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. (2002南充)
l 10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. (2002陝西)
(四)英語上的分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞。
現在分詞和過去分詞主要差別在於:現在分詞表示"主動和進行",過去分詞表示"被動和完成"(不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動,只表示完成)。分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等。
1、 分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語,可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等。
分詞在句子中作狀語,使用何種分詞,要取決於分詞與句子主語的關系:主謂關系用現在分詞,動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。
(1)現在分詞The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
(2)過去分詞Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞"結構現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時,有時可以在分詞前加while,when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分詞作定語分詞作定語時,單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語一般置於所修飾的中心詞後面。現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關系),過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞後面與名詞或代詞構成復合賓語,作賓語補語的成分。
5、分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用。現在分詞表示主語的性質,而且主語多為物;過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態,主語多為人。
(五)五大基本句型
英文的句子按照主詞、動詞、受詞補語來分類,可以分成五大基本句型。 分別是:
一、S+V(主語+謂語動詞)
1. Snow falls. 下雪
2. The sun rises. 太陽升起
3. The moon rose slowly.
4. He spoke loudly.
二、S+V+C【Subject(主語)+Verb(動詞)+Complement(補語)】
即:主語+連系動詞+表語
1.He is the author. 他是作者 (名詞作補語)
2.Spring is here. 春天到了 (副詞作補語)
3. He is in the room. 他在房間里 (介詞片語作補語)
4.To see is to believe. 眼見為憑 (不定詞作補語)
5.The question is what to say. 問題是要說什麼 (名詞片語作補語)
6. S+感官動詞+SC
The candy tastes sweet. 這糖果嘗起來很甜
The milk smells sour. 這牛奶聞起來酸酸的
It sounds great. 這聽起來不錯
She looks suprised. 她看起來很吃驚
I feel better. 我感
三、S+V+O(Subject主語+verb動詞+object賓語)
1.I want to study Math. 我想要研讀數學 (受詞為不定詞)
2 I love her. 我愛她(受詞為名詞)
3. She knows that he never tells the truth. 她知道他從未說過實話 (受詞為名詞子句)
4. I like fishing. 我喜歡釣魚 (受詞為動名詞)
四、S+V+O+C(Subject主語+Verb動詞+Object賓語+Complement補語)
1. We paid him $100. 我付他100元 = We paid $100 to him.
2. I showed him my books. 我對他展示我的書=I showed my books to him.
五、S+V+O+O(Subject主語+Verb動詞+Object賓語+Object賓語)
這里的不完全及物動詞主要有
感官動詞: see hear watch feel
使役動詞: make get ask let keep
其他如: call believe consider
1. We considered him a wise person. 我認為他是一個聰明的人
2. She made me mad. 她使我生氣.
3. I saw him swim across the river. 我看見他游過河
另外還有一類也可歸做本句型 (介系詞片語作補語 as ..., in ...)
S Vt + as O OC
1. I regard it as impossible. 我認為這是不可能的
2. I regard him as a child. 我視他為小孩
(六)英文數詞的用法與讀法
1. 小數是用數字來表示的,小數點後無論有多少位數也不要在中間插入逗點,小數點讀作 point,小數點後面的數字要一個一個地讀出。如:
3.4 讀作 three point four
0.8 讀作 zero point eight 或 naught point eight
30.34 讀作 thirty point three four。
Birth rate was up 2.5 times in those years.
那些年出生率上升了 2.5 倍。
小數 2.5 在句中作修飾語。
Our grain output will be 3.7 times that of 1960.
我們的糧食產量將是 1960年的 3.7 倍。
小數 3.7 在句中作修飾語。
2. 百分數用percent或per cent表示,即"%"。
The price has been reced by 20 percent (20%) since May.
自五月以來價格降低了百分之二十。
The number of visiting patients is 30%(30 percent) less than the same time last year.
就診的患者人數較去年同期下降了百分之三十。
3. 比率的表示通常都用數字,有時亦可用文字。
The ratios of 1 to 3 and 5 to 15 are the same.
一比三和五比十五的比率是相同的。
You have a fifty to fifty chance to win the game.
你有五成的機會贏得比賽。
4. 日期及年份的表示法,如:
May 22(May the twenty-second或the twenty-second of May),也可寫作 May 22nd
July 15(July the fifteenth或the fifteenth of July),也可寫作 July 15th
August 1(August the first或the first of August),也可寫作 August 1st
1949 讀作 nineteen forty-nine
1804 讀作 eighteen o four
1700 讀作 seventeen hundred
2000 讀作 two thousand
685 B.C. 讀作 six eighty-five B.C.(before Christ)
1960's(or 1960s) 讀作 nineteen sixties。
5. 時刻的表示法,如:
7:00 讀作 seven o'clock或seven
9:15 讀作 nine fifteen或a quarter past nine或a quarter after nine
11:26 讀作 eleven twenty-six或twenty-six past eleven或twenty-six after eleven
5:30 讀作 five thirty或half past five或half after five
6. 以24小時為時制的表示法,如:
08:00 讀作 eight o'clock in the morning或eight o'clock a.m.
12:00 讀作 twelve o'clock或midday或noon
14:15 讀作 fourteen fifteen或two fifteen p.m.
24:00 讀作 twelve o'clock at night或midnight
7. 單位的表達法,如:
2×3 feet 讀作 two feet by three feet
2×3×6 inches 讀作 two inches by three inches by six inches。
This parcel weighs 3 pounds 5 ounces.
This parcel is 3 pounds 5 ounces in weight.
這件包裹重三磅五盎司。
I bought a 4 feet by 5 feet rug.
我購買了一塊長五英呎寬四英呎的地毯。
The temperature dropped to -22℃(minus twenty-two degrees Centigrade).
溫度下降到攝氏零下二十二度。
His height is 178 cm.
He is 178 cm tall.
他的身高是一百七十八厘米。
The size of the box is six feet by four by three and two-thirds.
這個箱子的大小是長六英尺寬四英尺高三又三分之二英尺。
8. 一些數學表達式的讀法,其中一些常見的符號如:
"+" 讀作 plus 或 and;
"-" 讀作 minus或from;
"×" 讀作 times或multiplied by;
"÷" 讀作 divided by。
5+8 =13
Five plus eight is thirteen.
五加八等於十三。
15-6 =9
Fifteen minus six is nine.
十五減六等於九。
4×5 =20
Four times five is twenty.
Four multiplied by five is twenty.
Four fives are twenty.
四乘以五等於二十。
8÷2 → 4
Eight divided by two is four.
Two in eight goes four.
八除以二等於四。
9. 電話號碼、房間號、帳號、汽車牌號等按編號的順序一個一個地讀出,遇到 "0" 時讀 oh,相連的兩個相同的基數詞可讀作 double。
My office phone number is 268-8064 extension 321.
我的辦公室電話是二六八八零**分機三二一.
268-8064 extension 321 讀作 two six eight eight O six four extension three two one.
My account number is 38800685.
我的帳號是三八八零零六八五。
38800685 讀作 three eight eight zero zero six eight five or three double eight double oh six eight five
10. 貨幣的讀法,如:
$18.29 讀作 eighteen dollars twenty-nine cents或eighteen twenty-nine
十八美元二十九美分。
$15 讀作 fifteen dollars (even)
表示十五美元(整)。
C$268 讀作 two hundred and sixty-eight Canadian dollars
表示二百六十八加拿大元。
JP¥10,000 讀作 ten thousand Japanese Yen
表示一萬日元。
11. 帝王第~世的讀法,如:
William I 讀作 William the First(威廉一世)
Elizabeth II 讀作 Elizabeth the Second(伊利莎白二世)
12. 其他表達法,如:
World War II 讀作 world war two 或 the second world war(第二次世界大戰)
No.1 讀作 number one(第一)
Lesson III 讀作 lesson three(第三課)
Section I 讀作 section one(第一節)
P.10 讀作 page ten(第十頁)
Ⅳ 初中英語主謂一致
用作主語的名詞片語中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復數形式上的一致,就是語法一致。也就是說,如果名詞中心詞是單數,動詞用單數形式;如果名詞中心詞是復數,動詞用復數形式。例如:
This table is a genuine antique.
Both parties have their own advantages.
Her job has something to do with computers.
She wants to go home.
They are divorcing each other.
Mary was watching herself in the mirror.
The bird built a nest.
Susan comes home every week-end.
(二) 編輯本段 回目錄 主謂一致 - 意義一致原則
有時,主語和謂語動詞的一致關系取決於主語的單、復數意義,而不是語法上的單、復數形式,這樣的一致關系就是意義一致。例如:
Democratic government graally take the place of an all-powerful monarchy.
A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
The United States is a developed country.
It is the remains of a ruined palace.
The archives was lost.
This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
(三) 編輯本段 回目錄 主謂一致 - 就近原則
有時,謂語動詞的單、復數形式決定於最靠近它的詞語。
例如:
Either my grandsons or their father is coming.
No one except his daughters agree with him.
Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.
Neither Richard nor I am going.
編輯本段 回目錄 主謂一致 - 以集合名詞做主語的主謂一致問題
有些集合名詞,ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, union等,在意義上是復數,但在語法形式上是單數,這類名詞作主語的主謂一致問題往往遵循「語法一致」或「意義一致」原則。例如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
A council of elders governs the tribe.
The present government is trying to control inflation.
The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.
(一)通常作復數的集體名詞
包括police,people, cattle, militia, vermin等,這些集體名詞通常用作復數。
例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.
(二)通常作不可數名詞的集體名詞
通常作不可數名詞的集體名詞,包括poultry,foliage,machinery, equipment,furniture,
merchandise等,這類名詞後的動詞用單數形式。
例如:
Poultry is expensive at this time of year.
That green foliage was restful.
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style.
The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
(三)可作單數也可作復數的集體名詞
可作單數也可作復數的集體名詞,包括audience, committee, crew, family, government,jury等。
例如:
The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
The jury is/are about to announce the winners.
The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time.
三、a committee, etc of +復數名詞的主謂一致問題
如果主語是由a committee of /a panel of /a (the) board of +復數名詞構成,隨後的動詞通常用單數。
例如:
A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.
A panel of experts has considered the situation.
The board of managers is responsible for the firm.
四、以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題
英語可數名詞的規則復數形式是在詞尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s結尾的名詞並不是可數名詞。它們用法多樣,造成了實際使用上的困難,以下詳述了以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題。
(一)以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
(二)以-s結尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
(三)以-s結尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
(四)以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
(五)其它以-s結尾的名詞的主謂一致問題
(一)以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題,如:arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語時,謂語動詞通常用作單數。
例如:
Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.
The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.
Measles usually occurs in children.
Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.
(二)以-s結尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
以-s結尾的游戲名稱作主語時,謂語動詞通常用作單數。
例如:
Darts is basically a easy game.
Marbles is not confined to children.
Skittles is not fashionable nowadays.
Draughts is not very difficult to learn.
但當Darts,Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱時,謂語動詞通常用作復數。
例如:
Three darts are thrown at each turn.
All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.
(三)以-s結尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
某些以-s結尾的地理名稱,如果是國名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,因其是單一政治實體,所以謂語動詞用作單數。
例如:
The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.
In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語,謂語動詞用作復數。
例如:
The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.
The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.
The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.
(四)以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
某些以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語時,如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語動詞通常用作單數。
例如:
Physics is a fundamental subject in science.
The third world economics is promising.
Acoustics studies the science of sound.
Mathematics is an interesting subject.
Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
但如果這類名詞表示學科以外的其它含義,可作復數用。
例如:
Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.
The acoustics of the new concert hall are perfect.
The economics of the project are still at issue.
(五)其它以-s結尾的名詞的主謂一致問題
A.以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語
英語中有一些通常以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞,如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trousers等,這類名詞做主語,如果不帶「一把」、「一副」等單位詞,謂語動詞通常用復數。
例如:
Mary's glasses are new.
John's trousers are black.
如果帶有單位詞, 則由單位詞決定動詞的單、復數形式。
例如:
One pair of pincers isn't enough.
Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.
B.其他以-s結尾的名詞
英語中還有一些以- s結尾的名詞,如archives,arms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages這類名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復數。
例如:
The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security.
The contents of the book are most amusing.
High wages often result in high prices.
My thanks are sincere.
五、如果句子的主語是並列結構,其主謂一致問題通常遵循以下原則:
(一)由and/both...and連接的並列主語的主謂一致問題
(二)由or/nor/either...or連接的並列主語的主謂一致問題
(三)主語 + as much as,etc的主謂一致問題
(一)由and/both...and連接的並列主語的主謂一致問題
由and/both...and連接的並列結構作主語,可根據主語的意義決定謂語動詞的單、復數形式。
例如:
Pancakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast.
The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.
Fish and chips are getting very expensive.
A truck and a car were in the ditch.
Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishing in Canada.
當and連接的並列名詞片語帶有each,every,或者many a 等限定詞時,謂語動詞通常用單數。
例如:
Each man and each woman there is asked to help.
Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed every hour of the day, proces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.
Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film.
(二)由or/nor/either...or連接的並列主語的主謂一致問題
由or,nor,either...or, neither...nor,not only...but also連接的並列結構作主語,隨後的動詞形式通常按照「就近原則」處理。
例如:
Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money left.
Neither sleet nor snow stops him from driving his new Mercedes-Benz.
Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.
Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to be at theater.
Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were confident of victory.
Not only one, but all of us are hoping to be there.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen.
(三)主語 + as much as,etc的主謂一致問題
當主語後面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引導的從屬結構,或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except等引導的片語時, 其後的動詞形式取決主語的形式。
例如:
The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo was lost.
The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyoming this summer.
Some of the employees as much as the manager were responsible for the failure.
My husband,more than anyone else in the family, is longing to go there again.
Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident.
No one except two girls was late for school.
六、以表示數量概念的名詞片語作主語的主謂一致問題
數量概念分兩類:一類是確定數量,如 two years, five seconds,three kilos,等,另一類是非確定數量,如all of..., some of..., none of...。如果用這類表示數量概念的名詞片語作主語,會產生主謂一致問題。
(一)以表示確定數量的名詞片語作主語的主謂一致問題
(二)以表示非確定數量的名詞片語作主語的主謂一致問題
(一)以表示確定數量的名詞片語作主語
當主語為表示確定數量的名詞片語時,如果數量概念被看做一個整體,動詞用單數,如果被看做組成該數量的個體,動詞用復數。
例如:
The treasurer considered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask.
"Two months is too short a time," General manager warned, "we must hurry up."
Three weeks is needed to complete the task.
There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.
Three pints is not enough to get him drunk.
A total of 50,000 new bicycles was registered in the year.
如果作主語的名詞片語是由「分數/百分數+ of」片語構成,其動詞形式 取決於of片語中名詞的類別。
例如:
Two-thirds of the people present is against the plan.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.
Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.
Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.
兩數相減或相除,謂語動詞用單數;兩數相加或相乘,謂語動詞可用單數,也可用復數。
例如:
Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three.
Forty-two divided by six is seven.
Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
Six times eight is/are forty-eight.
如果主語由"one in/one out of + 復數名詞" 構成,在正式語體中,動詞用單數。
例如:
One in ten students has passed the examination.
One out of twelve bottles was left intact.
(二)以表示非確定數量的名詞片語作主語的主謂一致問題
如果主語由 "a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of +名詞"或由「a kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of+名詞」 構成,謂語動詞通常用單數。
例如:
A panel of us has decided to hire a boat and travel through Holland by canal.
A pile of apple logs was set beside the hearth.
A portion of reports is deceiving.
This kind of cars is rather expensive.
This type of women is dangerous.
That type of machines is up-to-date.
如果主語是由「many a +名詞" 或「more than one +名詞"構成,隨後的動詞遵循「語法一致」原則,用單數。
例如:
Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.
Many a man has his own responsibility.
More than one student has failed the exam.
More than one ship was lost this year.
如果主語是all of, some of,none of, half of, most of,lots of,loads of ,plenty of,等表示非確定數量的名詞片語,謂語動詞的單、復數形式根據 of片語中名詞類別而定。
例如:
Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.
All of the cargo was lost.
Some of the books were badly torn.
None of my friends ever come to see me.
Half of the building was destroied ring the war.
Half of the students are eager to leave now.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
Loads of apples have been distributed among the children.
Plenty of water was prepared for irrigation.
Ⅵ 英語句子變復數 人稱變化嗎
公式:be+動詞的過去分詞
應用范圍:表示被動的情況,一般是及物動詞有被動語態,切記不及物動詞與一些固定片語是沒有被動語態的。例如:happen, take place
英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。英語中有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。
主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。巧記為:主動、主動、主去動。
例如:Many people speak English.
謂語:speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動作的對象。巧記為:被動、被動、主被動。例如:English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。
主動態和被動態指的是動詞形式,是詞法概念;而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結構,從而是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子,而被動句則是由被動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子。
例如:He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句)
歌訣:誰做的動作不知道,說出誰做的沒有必要;
主動語態變被動語態的方法
(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be+過去分詞)
(根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數,以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之後作賓語,將主格改為賓格。例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made
Ⅶ 初中英語七年級考點
1.動詞be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be後not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
2.this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處) That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠處)
(3)放在一起的兩樣東西,先說this, 後說that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
(4)向別人介紹某人時說This is„, 不說That is„。如: This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。
(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如:
This is a bike. That』s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時,介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如: —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎? —Yes, this is. Who』s that? 是的,我是,你是誰? 注意:雖然漢語中使用「我」和「你」,但英語中打電話時絕不可以說:I am„, Are you„?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時, 要用it代替this或that。如:
①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎? —Yes, it is. 是的,它是。
②—What』s that? 那是什麼? —It』s a kite. 是只風箏。
3.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復數形式,指時間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復數形式,指時間、距離較遠或前面已經提到過的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily』s bed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎? 在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時,通常用they代替these或those以避免重復。如:
④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?
Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。
4.名詞+』s所有格
單數名詞後直接加 「 』s 」:
Jim』s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff』s mother傑夫的媽媽 以s結尾的復數名詞,只加「』」
Teachers』 Day教師節 the twins』 books雙胞胎的書 不以s結尾的不規則的名詞復數,加「 』s 」 Children』s Day 兒童節 men』s shoes男式鞋 表示兩者共同擁有時,只在最後一個名詞後加』s
Lucy and Lily』s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個媽媽)
表示兩者各自擁有時,要在每個名詞後加』s
Lucy』s and Kate』s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)
5.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表達「某處(某時)有某人(某物)。」其基本結構為「There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時)」其中there是引導詞,沒有詞義;主語是be後面的名詞, be是謂語動詞,在一般現在時中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結構: There be放句首,主語跟在後。地、時放句末,強調置前頭。如:
There is a book on the desk.
有時為了強調地點,也可把介詞短語放在句首。如: On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢?請先看看下面這首歌訣:
Be動詞,有三個,am,is還有are。「There be」真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其後的名詞是單數還是復數。若是單數或不可數名詞用is,否則就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子). ③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果「be」後的主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞,那麼be的形式要遵循「遠親不如近鄰」的原則。也就是說,「be」的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的。若那個名詞是單數或不可數名詞要用is,是復數就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
6.like一詞的用法
like用作及物動詞,譯為「喜歡」。
(1)後接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如: I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個小孩。 (2)後接動名詞(v. -ing),表示「喜歡做某事」,著重於習慣、愛好。如:
Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。
(3)後接動詞不定式(to do ),表示「偶爾地喜歡做某事
著重於某次具體的行為。如:
I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。
7.句子單數變復數,注意以下五要素
(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應的復數主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。 如:She is a girl. →They are girls. (2)am,is要變為are。如:
I』m a student. →We are students. (3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如: He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通單數名詞要變為復數形式。如: It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代詞this,that要變為these,those。如: This is a box. →These are boxes.
8.英語日期的表示法
英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,並且前面無需用冠詞。
用英語表示日期,其順序為月+日+年,日和年之間需用逗號隔開。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。
9.時間的表達法
(1) 直讀式,即直接讀出時間數字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 過、差式,即幾點差幾分,幾點過幾分。(以30分為分界線)
1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five (3)12小時制
6:00 a.m. 上午6點 8:20 p.m. 下午8點20分 (4)24小時制
13:00 13點鍾 22:15 22點15分 (5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)時間前通常用at. at 5 o』clock at 7:30 p.m.
10. want用法
(1)想干什麼用want to do sth
They want to join the sports club. 他們想加入運動俱樂部。 (2)第三人稱單數作主語,want要作變化 ①He wants to play basketball. ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
(3)變疑問句,否定句要藉助助動詞do或does.
①-Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I
don』t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he doesn』t 11. 形容詞的用法:
形容詞用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特徵。在句中可以作定語、表語,用於限定被修飾語的特徵,如長短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等,。
The little girl is very pretty. 這個小女孩很好看。 --I want that one. 我想要那個。 --Which one? 哪一個?
--The new blue one. 那個藍色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個大的漂亮的嗎?
1 2、人稱代詞:
是用來表示人的代詞,有單數和負數之分,有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語;人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語,是作動詞或介詞的賓語。
主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語 賓格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語 He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一個班級。 Can you see them in the street? 你能看見他們在街上嗎? 13、可數名詞和不可數名詞
英語中名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。凡是可數計數的名詞叫做可數名詞;凡是不可以計數的名詞叫做不可數名詞。
(1)可數名詞分為單數和復數兩種形式。可數名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數詞或some many等修飾。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens (2)不可數名詞沒有復數形式,前面不能用不定冠詞、數詞或many等詞語修飾,但可以用some a little much等詞語來修飾。有時可以與一些量詞短語搭配,這些量詞短語中的名詞一般是可數的,有單數形式,也可以有復數形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water 14、祈使句
祈使句用來表示請求、命令等,句中沒有主語,肯定形式由謂語或者謂語+賓語(+賓語補足語)構成,否定形式則在句前加Don』t.
Stand up, please. 請起立。 Don』t worry. 別擔心。 can的用法:
can是情態動詞,表示「能,會,可以,被允許等」,其後接動詞原形,否定形式為cannot,可縮寫為can』t. She can speak Japanese. 她會講日語。
I can』t remember his name. 我不記得他的名字了。 Can you spell your name? 你會拼寫你的名字嗎? 15、現在進行時態:
概念:表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作,也可以表示目前一段時間內或現階段正在進行的活動。 結構:由be動詞(am, is, are) + 動詞ing構成,其中be
動詞要與主語保持性數一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 瑪麗正在公園里放風箏。 --What are you doing now? 你現在在干什麼? --I』m reading English. 我正在讀英語。
Are they drawing the pictures now? 他們正在畫畫嗎?
動詞現在分詞是動詞原形變化而來的,規則變化如下: 動詞ing形式叫動詞現在分詞,其構成如下: 1) 直接在動詞後加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing 2) 以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加ing make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞且詞尾只有一個輔音字母,應雙寫這個輔音字母,再加ing run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意對現在進行時態的判斷。判斷一個英語句子用什麼時態,主要看句子的時間狀語,一般說來,每種時態都有與之相對應的時間狀語。現在進行時表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作。因此,這個時態最常用的時間狀語是now;但有不少句子並沒有now,只能通過提示語如look、listen等或者通過上下文來確定用現在進行時。 She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打掃房間。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那個女孩在那裡跳舞。
--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎? --Can』t you see I am doing my homework? 你沒看見我正在做作業嗎?
16、have/ has的用法: 1) 謂語動詞have表示「有」,有兩種形式:have和has,前者用於第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復數(they),後者用於第三人稱單數(he, she, it)或單數名詞。 I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一個蘋果,他有兩個香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你們有了一個新的英語老師。
It has two big eyes. 它有一雙大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和傑克有一輛好看的車。
2) have/has句型與there be句型的比較:兩者都表示「有」,但用法不同。前者表示所屬關系,即表示「某人或某物有什麼」,而後者表示存在,表示「某地有什麼」。 They have some new books. 他們有一些新書。
There are some new books on their desks. 他們桌子上有一些新書。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。 There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店裡有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助動詞do/ does,再加not構成,即do not have (don』t have)/ does not have (doesn』t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她沒有姐姐。
We don』t have any classes on Saturday. 我們星期六沒有課。
Ann and I don』t have a big room. 我和安沒有一個大房間。
4) 一般疑問句由「助動詞Do/ Does + 主語 + have + 賓語」構成,回答用Yes, „ do/ does.或者No, „ don』t/ doesn』t.
--Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎? --No, they don』t. 不,他們的房子不大。 --Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎? --Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞 + 助動詞do/ does + have (+狀語)構成。
What do they have? 他們有什麼? What does he have? 他有什麼?
How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話? 17、介詞用法:
1) 具體時間前介詞用at。
. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七點半起床。
She goes to bed at eleven o』clock. 她十一點睡覺。 2) 表示「在早上,在下午,在晚上」的短語中用介詞in,且定冠詞the不能省略;表示「在中午,在夜裡」的短語中介詞用at,不加冠詞。
in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上
at noon在中午,at night在夜裡 3) 表示「在某天」、「在某天的上午、下午等」的短語用介詞on。
What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什麼?
Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有時你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎?
He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日,家長們帶著孩子去公園。
4) 在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞,也不用冠詞。
What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什麼? He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每個星期五都去看望祖母。
She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下個星期一去上海。
18、一般現在時
一般現在時表示經常性或習慣性的動作,或表示現在的
特徵或狀態。 其動詞形式是:動詞原形(只有第三人稱單數作主語時除外,要加-s)其疑問句和否定句需要用助動詞do或does 1) 肯定句用行為動詞原形表示
They get up very early every morning. 他們每天早晨起來很早。
I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一個月去看望祖父母四次。
2) 否定句用don』t + 動詞原形來表示
We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我們周日不去購物。 I don』t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜歡這個顏色。
3) 一般疑問句則是把助動詞do提前至句首,後面動詞用原形。回答時,肯定用 「Yes, 主語+do」;否定句用 「No, 主語+don』t」。
–Do they go to school at seven o』clock? 他們七點去上學嗎?
--Yes, they do.
--Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎? --No, I don』t. 不,我不喜歡。
一般現在時用來表示經常的或習慣性的動作,常與以下的時間狀語連用:often 經常,always 總是,sometimes 有時,usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。 He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他騎車上學。 I visit my grandparents every week. 我每個星期都去看祖父母。
She is always late for class. 她總是上課遲到。
My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有時出去吃飯。
It often rains here. 這兒常常下雨。 主語為第三人稱單數時的一般現在時
一般現在時態,當主語為第三人稱單數時,謂語動詞也要是第三人稱單數,後要加-s或-es。
He likes reading at night. 他喜歡夜裡讀書。
She usually goes to school by bike. 她平時騎車上學。 The little cat drinks milk every day. 小貓每天都喝牛奶。 轉換成否定句要加doesn』t,其後的動詞用原形。 Kelly doesn』t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。
He doesn』t feel well today. 他今天感覺不舒服。
轉換成一般疑問句,句首用Does,其後的動詞用原形。 Does he have lunch at school? 他在學校吃午飯嗎? Does it take long by train? 乘火車要很長時間嗎?
Ⅷ 初中英語,主語(第一二三人稱)是復數是用動詞原形嗎第一二人稱單數動詞怎麼變化
一二單都是加動詞原形的。
在一般現在時中,動詞的變化主要是看人稱。
第一第二人稱的單數和復數+動詞原型
第三人稱單數+動詞的第三人稱單數形式(通常+s/es)
第三人稱復數+動詞原形
Ⅸ 初中英語,food and drink謂語動詞用單數還是復數
and 連接兩個並列主語,要用復數。
Ⅹ 單復數同形的英語單詞一共有哪些
單復同形的單詞:fish(魚),deer(鹿),sheep(綿羊),works(工廠),means(手段),clothes(衣服)、scissors(剪子)、scales(天平)、glasses(眼鏡)、trousers(褲子)、police(警察)、cattle(牛)、livestock(牲畜)、poultry(家禽)。
一、Chinese
英 [ˌtʃaɪˈni:z] 美 [tʃaɪˈniz, -ˈnis]
n.中國人
Thechef,staffandmanagersareallChinese.
廚師、工作人員和經理都是中國人。
二、cattle
表示「牛群」,故用作復數名詞。作主語時,謂語用復數形式。
All his cattle were grazing in the field.
他所有的牛都在地里吃草。
三、police
該詞通常表示「警察部隊」,「警方」這樣的含義,是一個集體名詞。
The police are investigating the witnesses.
警方正在調查目擊者。
四、poultry
是「家禽」的意思,如雞、 鴨、 鵝等。若指這些活體的動物時,要當作復數名詞來用。
1、Where are your poultry? 你養的家禽呢?
不過,若表示家禽的肉,則要當作單數名詞來用。
2、Poultry is harder to come by nowadays than beef.
如今禽肉比牛肉難買到。
五、livestock
表示「農場里飼養的牲畜」,是一個集體名詞,當作復數名詞,用復數謂語。
The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.
暴雨和大水淹死了許多牲口。