桩式桥英语怎么说及英文翻译

A. 公路、桥梁工程专业英语翻译

Research is one of the most important aspects of scientific and engineering practice. A researcher usually works as a member of a team with other scientists and engineers. He or she is often employed in a laboratory that is financed by government or instry. Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and soil stabilization techniques, and also the development and testing of new structural materials.
调查研究是科学技术其中最重要的一个方面。一名研究人员通常作为团队的一员，与其他科学家和工程师共同研究。他或她往往是受雇于某个实验室或研究所，其经费通常由政府或某个行业提供。研究领域涉及土木工程，包括土力学及土壤加固技术等，并涉及到结构新材料的开发和试验。
Civil engineering projects are almost always unique; that is, each has its own problems and design features. Therefore, careful study is given to each project even before design work begins. The study includes a survey both of topography and subsoil features of the proposed site. It also includes a consideration of possible alternatives, such as a concrete gravity dam or an earth-fill embankment dam. The economic factors involved in each of the possible alternatives must also be weighed. Today, a study usually includes a consideration of the environmental impact of the project. Many engineers, usually working as a team that includes surveyors, specialists in soil mechanics, and experts in design and construction, are involved in making these feasibility studies.
土木工程项目几乎都是独一无二的，也就是说，每一个都有其自身存在的问题和设计特点。因此，要认真研究每个特定的项目，甚至在设计工作开始前就开始研究。研究内容包括调查、测量拟定项目现场的地形和地下土质。还要考虑到可能的备选方案，比如是选择混凝土重力坝还是选择填土筑堤大坝。对于每个可选的方案都要衡量其牵涉到的经济因素。当前在研究中还要充分考虑该项目的建设对环境的影响。在做项目的可行性研究时，一个团队通常由许多专业的工程师组成，包括测量工程师，土力学专家，设计和施工专家等等。
Many civil engineers, among them the top people in the field, work in design. As we have seen, civil engineers work on many different kinds of structures, so it is normal practice for an engineer to specialize in just one kind. In designing buildings, engineers often work as consultants to architectural or construction firms. Dams, bridges, water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a systems engineer who is in charge of the entire project. In many cases, engineers from other disciplines are involved. In a dam project, for example, electrical and mechanical engineers work on the design of the powerhouse and its equipment. In other cases, civil engineers are assigned to work on a project in another field; in the space program, for instance, civil engineers were necessary in the design and construction of such structures as launching pads and rocket storage facilities.
许多土木工程师参与设计工作，他们中间不乏行业内的顶尖专家。正如我们所看到的，土木工程师的工作牵涉到很多不同种类的建筑物，所以各行如隔山，每个领域都有其精通的专家，专门从事某一类研究。在建筑物的设计中，这些工程师往往担任某个建筑或安装公司的顾问。大坝，桥梁，供水系统，以及其他大型工程项目通常聘请一些工程师，他们的工作由一个负责整个项目的系统工程师统一协调管理。在很多情况下，其他专业领域的工程师也会参与到项目中。例如，在大坝项目中，电气及机械工程师会参与到发电厂房及动力设备的设计中去。另外土木工程师还会被安排到另一些领域区工作，如太空开发计划，在设计和建造一些结构如火箭发射架和储存设施时，土木工程师就有必要参与其中的设计和建设。
Construction is a complicated process on almost all engineering projects, it involves scheling the work and utilizing the equipment and the materials so that costs are kept as low as possible. Safety factors must also be taken into account, since construction can be very dangerous. Many civil engineers therefore specialize in the construction phase.
对于几乎所有的工程项目来说，施工都是一个极其复杂的过程，它涉及到工期的组织计划，设备和材料的合理使用，目的使建设成本越低越好。还必须考虑到安全因素，由于施工是很危险的。因此许多土木工程师专门深入研究施工阶段。
Much of the work of civil engineers is carried on outdoors, often in rugged and difficult terrain or under dangerous conditions. Surveying is an outdoor occupation, for example, and dams are often built in wild river valleys or gorges. Bridges, tunnels, and skyscrapers under construction can also be dangerous places to work. In addition, the work must also progress under all kinds of weather conditions.
土木工程师的许多工作在户外进行的，他们常常在崎岖不平的复杂地形甚至危险情况下。测量也是一个室外专业，例如，大坝往往是建于激流河谷活峡谷中。桥梁，隧道，以及摩天大厦的施工场所也充满危险。此外，工程必须在不可避免的各种气候条件下进行。
The prospective civil engineer should be aware of the physical demands that will be made on him or her **.
未来的土木工程师们应该清醒意识到这种工作对他们（或她们）的体质要求。

God，终于搞完了！

B. 船舶配件英语

你买《航海英语词典》（双向词典），这里面有通用的备件，但是比较专用的备件，呵呵，你只有看厂家的说明书，一个厂家用一种叫法，不过可能其他厂家也不生产这个东西，比如日本IHI公司生产的TURBIN中有 DISTANCE PIECE 这个备件，我们翻译成间隙块。你到其他厂家，人家也没有这个东西啊。所以没有专用备件的书，只有通用备件的书。

C. 谁知道有哪些国贸英语词汇啊

Just for your imformation:

1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价

2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单

4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单

5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证

6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制

7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱

8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等

9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

11 PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等

12 WT(weight)重量

13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重

14 N.W.(net weight)净重

15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单

16 EA(each)每个，各

17 W (with)具有

18 w/o(without)没有

19 FAC(facsimile)传真

20 IMP(import)进口

21 EXP（export)出口

22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的

23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度

24 M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的

25 M/V（merchant vessel)商船

26 S.S(steamship)船运

27 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨

28 DOC (document)文件、单据

29 INT（international)国际的

30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表

31 INV (invoice)发票

32 PCT (percent)百分比

33 REF （reference)参考、查价

34 EMS （express mail special)特快传递

35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型

36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传

37 RMB（renminbi)人民币

38 S/M （shipping marks)装船标记

39 PR或PRC(price) 价格

40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货

41 S/C（sales contract)销售确认书

42 L/C （letter of credit)信用证

43 B/L （bill of lading)提单

44 FOB （free on board)离岸价

45 CIF （cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价

补充：

CR=credit贷方，债主

DR=debt借贷方

（注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的，你的银行卡，是你将钱放入银行，银行是“借贷方”，所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡，是你从银行或者财政公司借钱，银行或公司是“贷方”，所就叫credit.）

Exp=Expense花费，费用

O/H=overhead常用开支

TC=total cost总费用

FC=fixed cost常设费用

VC=variable cost变动费用

P=profit竟利润

S=sales销售总额

Rev=revenue利润

MC=marginal cost费用差额

GM=gross margin毛利

MR=marginal revenue利润差额

A/R=acount receivable待收款（销售后，记账以后收取。）

A/P=account payable代付费（花费后记账，以后付费。）

PMT=payment支付款

N/I=net income纯收入

AMT=amount数额

DCT=discount打折

ceiling price 最高价，顶价

maximum price 最高价

minimum price 最低价

average price 平均价格

base price 底价

rockbottom price 最低价

bedrock price 最低价

price 价格，定价，开价

priced 已标价的，有定价的

pricing 定价，标价

priced catalogue 定价目录

price of commodities 物价

pricing cost 定价成本

price card 价格目录

pricing method 定价方法

price list 定价政策，价格目录，价格单

pricing policy 定价政策

price format 价格目录，价格表

price tag 价格标签，标价条

price current (p.c.) 市价表

Price is high(low). 价格高（低）。

Price is rising (falling). 价格上升（下降）。

Price is up (down). 价格上涨（下跌）。

Price is looking up. 价格看涨。

Price has skyrocketed.价格猛涨.

Price has shot up. 价格飞涨。

Price has risen perpendicularly. 价格直线上升。

Price has risen in a spiral. 价格螺旋上升。

Price has hiked. 价格急剧抬高。

so on and so on ^

最后声明一下，这答案不是我一个个写出来的，是从我常去的外贸网站复制的。