塑料袋作文英語怎麼說
塑料袋的歷史
一個攝影師在暗房裡的實驗導致了最初的塑料的產生。亞歷山大·帕克斯有許多愛好，攝影是其中之一。19世紀時，人們還不能夠像今天這樣購買現成的照相膠片和化學葯品，必須經常自己製作需要的東西。所以每個攝影師同時也必須是一個化學家。
攝影中使用的材料之一是「膠棉」，它是一種「硝棉」溶液，亦即在酒精和醚中的硝酸鹽纖維素溶液。當時它被用於把光敏的化學葯品粘在玻璃上，來製作類似於今天照相膠片的同等物。
在19世紀50年代，帕克斯查看了處理膠棉的不同方法。一天，他試著把膠棉與樟腦混合。使他驚奇的是，混合後產生了一種可彎曲的硬材料。帕克斯稱該物質為「帕克辛」，那便是最早的塑料。
帕克斯用「帕克辛」製作出了各類物品：梳子、筆、紐扣和珠寶印飾品。然而，帕克斯不大有商業意識，並且還在自己的商業冒險上賠了錢。20世紀時，人們開始挖掘塑料的新用途。幾乎家庭里的所有用品都可以由某種塑料製造出來。
繼續發展帕克斯的成果並從中獲利就留給其他發明家去做了。約翰·韋斯利·海亞特這個來自紐約的印刷工在1868年看到了這個機會，當時一家製造檯球的公司抱怨象牙短缺。海亞特改進了製造工序，並且給了「帕克辛」一個新名稱—「賽璐珞」（假象牙—譯注）。他從檯球製造商那裡得到了一個現成的市場，並且不久後就用塑料製作出各種各樣的產品。
早期的塑料容易著火，這就限制了用它製造產品的范圍。第一個能成功地耐高溫的塑料是「貝克萊特」（即酚酣塑料—譯注）。利奧 ·貝克蘭德在1909年獲得了該項專利。
1909年，美國的貝克蘭首次合成了酚醛塑料。20世紀30年代，尼龍又問世了，被稱為是「由煤炭、空氣和水合成，比蜘蛛絲細，比鋼鐵堅硬，優於絲綢的纖維」。它們的出現為此後各種塑料的發明和生產奠定了基礎。由於第二次世界大戰中石油化學工業的發展，塑料的原料以石油取代了煤炭，塑料製造業也得到飛速的發展。
塑料是一種很輕的物質，用很低的溫度加熱就能使它變軟，隨心所欲地做成各種形狀的東西。塑料製品色彩鮮艷，重量輕，不怕摔，經濟耐用，它的問世不僅給人們的生活帶來了諸多方便，也極大地推動了工業的發展。
然而，塑料的發明還不到100年，如果說當時人們為它們的誕生欣喜若狂，現在卻不得不為處理這些充斥在生活中，給人類生存環境帶來極大威脅的東西而煞費苦心了。
塑料是從石油或煤炭中提取的化學石油產品，一旦生產出來很難自然降解。塑料理在地下200年也不會腐爛降解，大量的塑料廢棄物填埋在地下，會破壞土壤的通透性，使土壤板結，影響植物的生長。如果家畜誤食了混入飼料或殘留在野外的塑料，也會造成因消化道梗阻而死亡。
目前，中國塑料年產量為3O0萬噸，消費量在600萬噸以上。全世界塑料年產量為1億噸，如果按每年15％的塑料廢棄量計算，全世界年塑料廢棄量就是1500萬噸，中國的年塑料廢棄量在100萬噸以上，廢棄塑料在垃圾中的比例佔到40％，這樣大量的廢棄塑料作為垃圾被埋在地下，無疑給本來就缺乏的可耕種土地帶來更大的壓力。
塑料在給人們的生活帶來方便的同時，也給環境帶來了難以收拾的後患，人們把塑料給環境帶來的災難稱為「白色污染」。
目前，很多國家都採取焚燒（熱能源再生）或再加工製造（製品再生）的辦法處理廢棄塑料。這兩種辦法使廢棄塑料得到再生利用，達到了節約資源的目的。但由於廢棄塑料在焚燒或再加工時會產生對人體有害的氣體，污染環境，所以可以說廢棄塑料的處理至今仍是環保工作中令人頭疼的一大難題。
The plastic bag history
A cameraman creation having led to initial plastic in experiment inside the dark room. That Alexander · Pakesi has a lot of hobby , film is one of which. People is not able to buy the ready-made photographic film and chemicals like this like today , self makes be obliged to often the thing needing when 19 centuries. Therefore every cameraman is simultaneous also must be a chemist. One of the material being put into use in film is "a collodion " , it is one kind of "saltpetre cotton " solution , the viz. is in nitrate cellulose solution in alcohol and ether. It was used photosensitive chemicals to be glued on glass at that time , was done equal photographic film today similar to making thing. In 19 centuries fifties,Pakesi has checked the method handling the collodion diversity. A day , he are trying blending the collodion and the camphor. Use his amazed being , blend have proced a kind of but curved hard queen material. Pakesi says that matter is "Pakexin" , that is the earliest plastic. Pakesi uses "Pakexin" to make having made the article of all kinds: The comb , pen , button and jewelry seal adorn a proct. Pakesi has not been of great commerce mental consciousness but, has stood a loss of money and on the venture as early as self. When 20 centuries, people starts the use excavating the new of plastic. By some, kind of plastic makes almost all articles for use inside the family all can out. Continue developing Pakesi's achievement and earn profit out of right away leave for the inventor goes to have composed other. John · Wesley · Haiyate comes from the New York pressman so having seen this chance on 1868 , the company who one made a table tennis at that time complains about elephant's tusk shortage. Haiyate has improved fabrication working procere , has given "Pakexin" (give exegesis or explanation in case that the elephant's tusk translates) a new name "celluloid" moreover. He has got a ready-made marketplace from table tennis manufacturer there, and has used plastic to make not too long after that right away making the all kinds of proct. Model T plastic is easy to be on fire, have been restricting the range using it to make a proct right now. The first being able to be able to bear the high temperature plastic successfully is that "Beikelaite" (is that phenol is to self's heart's content plastic translates notes). Leo · Beikelande has gained that patent on 1909.
In 1909, American Beikelan has composed phenol aldehyde plastic first. 1930's , the nylon have come out, "fibre silk better than being be composed of coal , air and water , thin , harder than iron and steel than cobweb" is called. The various plastic of queen invention sum proces their turn up for this purpose having establish a basis. The plastic raw material has substituted coal with petroleum , manufacturing instry has also got plastic since Second World War is hit by development of petrochemical instry, at full speed development. Plastic is one kind of very light matter , is therefore likely to make it deliquesce with very low temperature warmup, make up into various form thing arbitrarily. The plastic proct color is bright-coloured , weight is not afraid to fall gently, economy is rable, not only its coming out having brought about a lot of development of the instry having gone to the lavatory , driving also tremendously for people's life. The plastic invention is less than but, 100 years , has no alternative handle these being full of the thing bringing extremely large threat to extremely large threat human being living environment in life, but have bestowed great care to but now if people was that their coming into being is jubilantly happy at that time. Plastic is from the chemistry petroleum procts drawing in petroleum or coal, once procing from very difficult natural degradation coming out. The plastic reason also is not good in depraved degradation in ground for 200 years , waste fills large amount of plastic bury Tongtou that can destroy soil nature, makes soil hardened in ground,growth affecting plant's. If the cattle has eaten the plastic sneaking into feed or being left over in the open country by accident, also be able to bring about dying because of digestive tract obstruction.
At present, Chinese plastic annual output is 3 ten thousand tons of O0, amount of consumption above 6 million tons. The whole world plastic annual output is 100 million tons , secretly scheme against if 15%'s plastic abandons amounts according to every year, annual plastic of the whole world abandons amounts being 15 million tons , Chinese year plastic abandons amounts above 1 million tons , proportion in abandoning plastic in the rubbish accounts for to 40%, such great quantity's abandon plastic being buried as the rubbish in ground , bring bigger pressure to bigger pressure the land originally right away, being short of but plowing beyond doubt. Plastic brings about convenient at the same time in the life giving people , has also brought about the future trouble being difficult to punish for environment, people calls the disaster that plastic brings about to the environment "white pollution ". At present, many countries all adopts (the regeneration burning hot sources of energy) or the way processing fabrication (procts regenerates's) again handles to abandon plastic. This two kinds way are made abandon plastic being regenerated make use of, have reached the purpose saving resource. Because abandoning plastic may proce the gas , the environment contaminating bad for the human body when burning or processing again , being able to say the treatment abandoning plastic is environmental protection so far still but in working make peopel one big difficult problems of headache.
㈡ 翻譯關於塑料袋的英語作文
Some countries have drafted various measures to limit the use of plastic shopping bags. Our country has also just issued a policy i.e. "from June 1, 2008, System of paid use of plastic shopping bags which declared providing free plastic shopping bags is not allowed should be implemented in all supermarkets, shopping malls, markets and other retail establishments.
㈢ 關於一次性塑料袋的使用英語作文
一次性塑料袋的問題(The Problems of Plastic Bags)【參考範文】 Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are applied in big supermarkets, ordinary shops, small stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They no longer need to carry cloth bags, leather bags or basket bags with them when go shopping. Obviously it is very convenient for plastic bags to be used in people』s everyday life. They are also very cheap. They are usually offered free of charge. However, plastic bags also bring us side effects. Some people throw away plastic bags causally. This causes the white pollution to our environment , which is very harmful because plastic bags can not disappear by natural decomposition. This is certainly not beneficial to our future. People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the sued plastic bags into the stbin when they want to dispose of them. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods they buy instead of using plastic bags.
㈣ 用英語介紹塑料袋 80字左右 急！！！！！！
Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are applied in big supermarkets, ordinary shops, small stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They no longer need to carry cloth bags, leather bags or basket bags with them when go shopping. Obviously it is very convenient for plastic bags to be used in people』 everyday life. They are also very cheap. They are usually offered free of charge.
However, plastic bags also bring us side effects. Some people throw away plastic bags causally. This causes the white pollution to our environment , which is very harmful because plastic bags can not disappear by natural decomposition. This is certainly not beneficial to our future.
People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the sued plastic bags into the stbin when they want to dispose of them. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods they buy instead of using plastic bags.
㈤ 關於塑料袋的英語作文80字帶翻譯
一些國家為此制定了種種措施限制塑料購物袋的使用。我們國家也剛剛內出台了一項政策，即「從容2008年6月1日起，在所以超市、商場、集貿市場等商品零售場所實行塑料購物袋有償使用制度，一律不得免費提供塑料購物袋。」Some countries have drafted various measures to limit the use of plastic shopping bags. Our country has also just issued a policy i.e. "from June 1, 2008, System of paid use of plastic shopping bags which declared providing free plastic shopping bags is not allowed should be implemented in all supermarkets, shopping malls, markets and other retail establishments.
㈥ 有關對使用塑料袋的建議的英語作文，加翻譯的。急！
Plastic bag, as a main source of pollution, is now widely used in the shopping mall, and can be seen mped everywhere.
塑料袋，主要的污染源，在商場廣泛的使用，到處丟的都是。
Plastic bag hardly decomposes, therefore, it may pollute the environment, and even kills animals.
塑料袋難降解，因此，會污染環境，甚至害死動物。
White pollution may jeopardize the image of China, so the chinese government should ban the use of plastic bags by means of legislation, and instead, encourage the use of degradable sacks.
白色污染會危害中國的形象，所以中國政府應該立法禁止用這種塑料袋，鼓勵使用可降解袋子。
㈦ 英語作文《塑料袋的危害》非常感謝
Plastic bag is the loading of the national with most items, plastic bags is good, but the damage but he is also nots allow to despise.
You should know that plastic bag is made of the chemical elements, so it is not easy to dissolve. I checked the information, the plastic bag buried underground, to dissolve after hundreds of years to complete. Now people use is burning plastic bags, but because of the burning plastic bags can proce poisonous gas, can make a small portion of the land cannot grow, so are burned in the place where no one lives. In the smoke from the burning plastic bags to proce will proce carcinogenic substances, to the detriment of the human body, therefore, when burned, people would wear the mask to avoid inhaling substances.
Plastic bags very difficult to deal with not only, still have very ?
塑料袋是國民用得最多的裝物品的東西，塑料袋雖好，可是他造成的危害也是不容輕視的。
大家應該都知道，塑料袋是用化學元素製作而成的，所以它不容易溶解。我查了一下資料，把塑料袋埋在地下，要經過幾百年才能完成溶解。現在人們用的是焚燒塑料袋的辦法，但是因為焚燒塑料袋會產生有毒氣體，會使一小部分土地不能種植，所以都選在沒有人住的地方焚燒。焚燒塑料袋產生的濃煙里會產生致癌物質，對人的身體極為不利，因此在焚燒時，人們都會戴上口罩，以免吸入物質。
塑料袋不僅極難處理，還有很大的污染。一隻塑料袋如果不及時處理，就這樣扔在地上，那將造成很大的污染。塑料袋首先被風吹到了天空中，再添上飄來飄去，這樣會影響城市的形象，在被吹到花叢中，那就像一個很帥的男生臉上長了痘痘，有了瑕疵，接著又被吹到了臭水溝里，原來這條水溝已經被許許多多的塑料袋污染了，然後就被老了起來，放到了焚燒廠那裡，最後被燒掉了。塑料帶給人們帶來了這么多的麻煩，現在卻不用再擔心了。
從今年的五月一日開始，就開始用一種能反復清洗，溶解很快，很環保的袋子，它將代替塑料袋的時代，減輕污染，所以這種袋子很好，我很贊成用這種袋子。
㈧ 關於塑料袋的英文文章
Plastic and the Food Chain
Plastic Accumulates in Rivers, Oceans, Fish, and Us
作者：Sara E. Lewis
Sep 10, 2007
Plastic is man-made -- not easily broken down or reabsorbed by the environment. Clean-ups, consumer awareness, and alternative materials are needed.
News about plastic compounds in pet foods and toothpaste from China caught headlines in 2007. Afterwards, the USDA and FDA reported that they are investigating and testing a variety of imported food additives. Officials assured the public that, 「The inspections are a precautionary measure to ensure the safety of procts entering at U.S. ports of entry. There is no evidence to suggest procts bound for the human food supply are contaminated.」
But the truth is that recent worries about plastics are the tip of the iceberg. Researchers have been concerned for some time about chemical compounds that make up plastic materials getting into the food supply. Plastic is the word we use to describe the many types of man-made or synthetic materials that become toys, containers, and more.
History of Plastic
Since the 1960s, plastics have become omnipresent. Many useful procts that save time, rece accidental injury, and improve quality of life are made from plastic. At the same time, there is no known organism that breaks down plastic in the environment, so every bit of plastic that has ever been made is very likely to be still with us. Estimates of how long it will take plastics to be reabsorbed by the environment range from 400 years to a much longer unit of geologic time.
History of Concern about Plastic in the Environment
By the 1980s, people worldwide began to notice the mess of plastic that was washing up on beaches and the harm it was doing to birds and animals that became tangled in fishing line and 6-pack rings. Initiatives like the Chesapeake Bay Foundation』s Clean the Bay Day program were organized to clean up debris on the beaches. While many participants saw such events as tidying up exercises, organizers have understood that they are also important initiatives aimed at keeping some plastic out of the food chain. According to the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, 「shoreline litter is not just a public eyesore, it is harmful to wildlife, a source of toxic water pollution, and symptomatic of other, less visible forms of pollution entering local waterways.」
In England, University of Plymouth marine biologist Richard Thompson has combed the beaches since the 1980s and discovered dead birds with so many small pieces of plastic in their stomachs, probably scooped up mistakenely for food, that they likely died from starvation or blockage of the intestines.
Ten years ago, Captain Charles Moore of the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, on a trip across the Pacific Ocean after a sailing race, saw a patch of floating plastic debris in the North Pacific Gyre. This area of slow swirling current is said to be the size of the state of Texas. There are several such gyres where plastic floats around and around and is swept in and out by currents and tides. All the while, the mixed debris of such things as plastic bags, bottles, buckets, and toys is eroding into smaller and smaller pieces.
Both scientists and others have trawled to collect water samples and sort the debris to determine how many of the small particles in oceans and rivers are plastic. One-third and more of the samples contain tiny plastic pieces of the sort that birds and fish often see as their food. These researchers have found tiny particles of plastic embedded in the tissue of dead animals.
Plastics, Eating Fish, and Your Health
Captain Moore said, 「The base of the food chain is being displaced by a non-digestible, non-nutritive component which is actually outweighing and outnumbering the natural food. That is our core issue.」
As the persistence of plastics in the environment becomes better understood, consumers are questioning the safety of eating fish. The Mayo Clinic answers that, 「As good as fish are for your health, be aware of potential downsides. Some types of fish may contain significant amounts of contaminants, such as mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins or other chemical pollutants. Fish acquire these toxins from pollutants in lakes, rivers and oceans.」
More research is needed to determine the ultimate consequence to humans of the accumulation of plastic that can concentrate toxic chemicals. But Neil Seldman of the Institute for Local Self Reliance has said that plastic is a bigger danger than global warming because it is killing the lowest common denominator in the food chain. The problem can only be eased when greater public awareness results in less use of plastic. Manufacturers who acknowledge the problem are looking into ways to create degradable plastics.
What You Can Do to Rece Plastic in the Environment
In the meantime, the most effective way to limit the amount of plastic entering the food chain is beach cleaning. Also, consumers can look for alternative materials and avoid excessive use of single-use plastic bottles, containers, and packaging. Finally, by recycling, we can extend the useful life of plastic procts.
((Permission to republish Plastic and the Food Chain in print or online must be granted by the author in writing. ))
㈨ 塑料袋英語作文
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