施工工種英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

❶ 求一篇施工方面文章及英文翻譯 謝

高層建築
大體上建築施工工藝學方面已經有許多進步, 在超高層的設計和施工上已經取得了驚人的成就。
高層建築早期的發展開始於鋼結構。鋼筋混凝土和薄殼筒系統已經經濟而競爭性地被用於大量的住宅和商業目的的結構。由於新型結構系統的創新和發展，現在從50到100層的高層建築遍布全美國。
更大高度的要求增加了樑柱的尺寸以使建築物剛性更強，以便在風荷載作用下建築物將不會產生超過一個可接受限度的擺動。過度的側移可能導致隔牆，天花板和其他建築細部的重復性損害。此外，過度側傾可能使建築物的居住者因為對擺動的知覺而導致不便。鋼筋混凝土和鋼結構系統，能充分利用整個建築物固有潛在的勁性，因而不需要額外加勁以限制側傾。
例如，在一個鋼結構中，經濟性由建築物房屋面積每平方英尺鋼的全部平均數量來定義。圖一中的曲線A採用層逐漸增加的數量表現傳統框架的平均單位重。曲線B則表現框架受到所有橫向荷載保護下的平均鋼重量。上下邊界之間的間隙則表現傳統樑柱框架為高度付出的額外費用。結構工程師已經發展了可消除這一額外費用的結構系統。
鋼結構體系。因為一些類型的結構改革，鋼高層建築物得到了發展。此改革被用於辦公大樓和公寓的建造。
帶有剛性帶式桁架的框架。為了將一個框架結構的外柱約束於內部的垂直梁架,可能在建築物中部和頂部採用一個剛性帶式桁架的系統。這一系統的最好例證是在密爾瓦基的威斯康辛州第一銀行建築物 (1974)。
框架筒體。只有當建築物突出地面的所有的柱構件能夠彼此連接使整個建築物成為一個空心筒體或一個勁性箱體時，一幢高層建築的整個結構才能最有效。這種特殊的結構體系第一次大概是用於芝加哥的43層樓高的德威特栗木鋼筋混凝土公寓。而這一系統最重要的應用是紐約的110層樓高的世界貿易中心的鋼結構雙塔。
對角柱桁架支撐筒體。建築物的外柱可以被適當的分隔卻仍能通過在樑柱中線處交叉對角構件連接使之作為一個筒體而共同工作。這種簡單而又極其有用的系統最早被用於芝加哥的約翰漢考克中心，其僅僅使用了傳統的40層樓高建築的用鋼量
組合筒體（束筒）。由於對更大更高的建築物的持續需求，框架筒和對角柱桁架支撐筒可能採用組合使用的形式以創造更大的筒，並仍可以保持高功效。芝加哥110層樓高的西爾斯瑞巴克總部有9個筒，由三排建築物組合而成。一些個別筒體終止在建築物不同的高度，證明了無限建築可能性的結構觀念。西爾斯塔高1450英尺（442m），是世界上最高的建築。
薄殼筒體系。筒結構體系的發展提高了高層建築抵抗側向力（風和地震作用）和飄移（建築物的側向運動）的能力。薄殼筒使筒結構體系有了進一步的發展。薄殼筒的進步是利用（高層）建築的外表面（牆和板）作為與框筒共同作用的結構構件，為高層建築抵抗側向荷載提供了一個有效的途徑，而且可獲得不設柱子，節省成本，使用面積與建築面積之比很高的室內空間。
由於薄殼表面的作用，筒體的框架構件數量減少，使得結構更輕，費用更少。所有標准柱和外牆托梁都採用標准型鋼，使得組合構件的使用和花費最小化。四周外牆托梁的深度要求也被減少，而且樓板上的頂梁對有用空間的佔用會達到最小。這種結構系統已經被使用於 54 層樓高的匹茲堡的梅隆銀行中心。
混凝土體系。雖然採用鋼結構建造的高層建築開始很早，但是鋼筋混凝土高層建築的快速發展在辦公大樓和公寓方面對鋼結構體系產生了很大的挑戰。
框架筒體。由上面討論到的，高層建築最早的框架筒體概念應用於43層樓高的德威特栗木公寓。在這一建築物中，外柱以中心距為5.5英尺（168米）的間隔排列，內柱則用於支撐8英寸厚的混凝土平板。
筒中筒。另一個用於辦公大樓的鋼筋混凝土結構體系是將內部框架筒體與傳統的剪力牆工藝相結合。這種體系由間距很小的柱子構成的外框架筒與圍繞中心設備區的剛性剪力牆內筒組成。這種被稱為筒中筒的體系使設計目前世界上最高（714英尺或218米），總費用只相當於傳統35層樓高的剪力牆結構體系的輕型混凝土建築（52層樓高的休斯頓的殼廣場建築）成為可能。
結合混凝土和鋼的體系也得到發展，這方面的一個例子是由Skidmore, Owings 和 Merrill發展的復合體系。它是採用間距很小的混凝土外框架筒包圍鋼框架內筒組成，因此兼有鋼筋混凝土和鋼結構體系的優點。在新奧爾良的一個 52 層樓高的殼廣場建築便是以這一體系為基礎。

Tall Buildings

Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general, spectacular achievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings.

The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing. Reinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes. The high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structural systems.

Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit. Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, ceilings, and other architectural details. In addition, excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because of their perception of such motion. Structural systems of reinforced concrete, as well as steel, take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway.

In a steel structure, for example, the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building. Curve A in Fig. 1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories. Curve B represents the average steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads. The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frame; Structural engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium.

Systems in steel. Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations. The innovations have been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings.

Frames with rigid belt trusses. In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses, a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used. A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building (1974) in Milwaukee.

Framed tube. The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building, for both strength and stiffness, to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column elements can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground. This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43-story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago. The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 110-story World Trade Center building in New York.

Column-diagonal truss tube. The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with. Diagonal members intersecting at the center line of the columns and beams. This simple yet extremely efficient system was used for the first time on the John Hancock Center in Chicago, using as much steel as is normally needed for a traditional story building.

Fig. 1. Graphical relationship between design quantities of steel and building heights for a typical building frame. Curves A and B correspond to the boundary conditions indicated in the two building diagrams. 1 psf = 0. 048kPa.

Bundled tube. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings, the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss tube may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelopes while maintaining high efficiency. The i10-story Sears Roebuck Headquarters Building in Chicago has nine tubes, bundled at tile base of the building in three rows. Some of these indivial tubes terminate at different heights of the building, demonstrating the unlimited architectural possibilities of this latest structural concept. The Sears tower, at a height of 1450 ft (442 m), is the world's tallest building.

Stressed-skin tube system. The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces (wind or earthquake) and the control of drift (lateral building movement) in high-rise building. The stressed-skin tube takes the tube system a step further. The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings, and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area.

Because of the contribution of the stressed-skin facade, the framed members of the tube require less mass, and are thus lighter and less expensive. All the typical columns and spandrel beams are standard rolled shapes, minimizing the use and cost of special built-up members. The depth requirement for the perimeter spandrel beams is also reced, and the need for upset beams above floors, which would encroach on valuable space, is minimized. The structural system has been used on the 54-story One Mellon Bank Center in Pittsburgh.

Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a competitive challenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.

Framed tube. As discussed above, the first framed tube concept for tall buildings was used for the 43-story DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building. In this building, exterior columns were spaced at 5.5-ft (1.68-m) centers, and interior columns were used as needed to support the 8-in.-thick (20-cm) flat-plate concrete slabs.

Tube in tube. Another system in reinforced concrete for office buildings combines the traditional shear wall construction with an exterior framed tube. The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area. The system (Fig.2), known as the tube-in-tube system, made it possible to design the world's present tallest (714 ft or 218m) lightweight concrete Building in Houston)for structure of only 35 s oriel building the unit 52—story One Shell Plaza of a traditional shear wall

Systems compiling both concrete and steel have also been developed，an example of which is the composite system developed by Skidmore，Owings & Merrill in which an exterior closely spaced framed tube in concrete envelops an interior steel framing，thereby combining the advantages of both reinforced concrete and structural

steel systems．The 52—story One Shell Square Building in New Orleans is based on this system．

NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
1．spectacular 壯觀的，驚人的，引人注意的
2．sway 搖動，搖擺，歪，使傾斜
3．residential 居住的，住宅的，作住家用的
4．commercial 商業的，商業上的，商務的
5．innovation 革新，創新，新方法，新事物
6．boundary 分界線，邊界
7．eliminate 排除，消除，除去
8．apartment 公寓住宅，單元住宅
9．column 柱，支柱，圓柱，柱狀物
10．demonstrate 示範，證明，演示，
11．project 凸出，投射，計劃，工程
12．stress 應力，壓力
13．truss 構架，桁架
14．bundle 捆，束，包
15．terminate 使終止，使結尾，結束
16．facade (房屋的)／E面，立面，表面
17．perimeter 周，周圍，周界，周長
18．encroach 侵犯，侵佔，蠶食
19．high•rise building 高層建築
20．reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土
21．spandrel beam 窗下牆的牆托梁
22．shear wall 剪力牆

❷ 建築八大員，用英語怎麼說

建築八大員的英文：Construction eight

Construction讀法 英[kən'strʌkʃn]美[kən'strʌkʃn]

n.建設；結構；建築物；建造；構造；解釋

例句

1、China is striding ahead in her economic construction.
中國正在經濟建設方面大步前進。

2、It is an object of simple construction.
它是一個簡單結構的物體。

短語

1、construction management 施工管理

2、block construction 部件結構

3、construction plan 結構圖

4、construction material 結構材料

5、composite construction 組合結構

(2)施工工種英語怎麼說及英文翻譯擴展閱讀

詞語用法

1、construction的基本意思是「建造,建設」,常用於指抽象的事物，如經濟建設、現代化建設等。用於具體事物時表示某一「建造物,建築物」,還可表示建築物的「結構」,引申用於文學中可表示短語、句子等的「結構」,即「造句法」。

2、construction用於正式文體中還可表示「解釋,意思」,常與介詞on〔upon〕連用。

3、construction在句中有時可用作定語修飾其他名詞。

4、constructional work和constructionwork都指「建築工程」，但前者較常見；

詞彙搭配

1、construction site 工地

2、tubular construction 筒形結構

3、construction procere 施工程序

4、welded construction 焊接結構

5、mixed construction 混合結構

❸ 施工員證 英語怎麼說

Construction workers permit

❹ 急求「弱電工程技工」的正式英文翻譯！

弱電工程技工可以有兩種表達方式：

1、Weak-current Electrical Technician

2、Technician specializing in weak-current engineering

如果是證書或者職位描述，建議用第一種表達方式；如果是個人簡介，建議用第二種表達方式。

希望對你有所幫助。

❺ 請幫忙把下面的工程施工的一些專業詞彙翻譯成英語

1 工程安全保證體系
Safety Assurance System for a project

2 組織保證
organizational assurance

3 工作保證
不知道什麼意思？

4 制度保證
institutional assurance

5 質量管理機構
Quality Management Authorities

6 項目經理
Project Manager

7 安全工程師
Safety Engineer

8 項目副經理
Deputy Manager for Project

9 總工程師
Chef Engineer

10 經營經理
Operation Manager

11 各部門部長
Director of all departments

12 各組組長
Head of all teams / groups

13 工區每一個安全員
each safety supervisor in working area

14 基礎工作
fundamental work

15 防範重點
focus of precaution

16 安全目標
Safety goal

17 抓好安全防禦，開展預想、預測、預防活動
Focus on safety precaution. Carry out preconceive, predict and prevention.

18 抓好安全宣傳教育
Focus on safety publicity and ecation.

19 加強職工崗位培訓，堅持培訓，持證上崗
Strengthen employees' on-job training. Insist on trainging and going on ty with qualifications.

20 加大安全技術設備和實施的投入
Enlarge investment on safety equipment and implementation.

21 嚴格執行民工管理制度
Strictly carry out managerial system on the civilian workers.

22 防高空墜落事故
Prevent accidents of falling from high.

23 防物體打擊事故
Prevent accidents of object striking.

24 防機具設備傷害事故
Prevent accidents of injury by equipment and facilities.

25 防爆破傷害事故
Prevent accidents of injury by exposion.

26 防點擊傷害事故
Prevent accidents of (什麼叫點擊，中文意思）？

27 防行車事故
Prevent accidents caused by bridge cranes.

16 杜絕死亡、重傷及多人事故，年輕傷率在1.2%以內
Eradicate accidents of death, serious hurt and multi-wounders. Control the annual rate of slight wound within 1.2%.

17 安全責任制
safety responsibility system

18 班前安全講話制
systme of addressing about safety before going on ty

19 安全設計技術交底制
technology of safety design 安全設計技術
交底不知道怎麼說

20 交接班制
system of shift change

21 安全掛牌制
system of safety listing

22 安全檢查制
system of safety inspection

23 安全生產獎懲制
system of rewards and penalties for proction

24 定期安全課制
system of regular safety class

❻ 施工階段 用英語怎麼說

施工階段
construction phase
construction stage
施工中
in construction

❼ 人員，施工人員用英語怎麼說最合適

施工人員

[建] builders；[建] constructors更多釋義>>

[網路短語]

施工人員 constructor;builder;construction personnel
施工人員出入通道 Construction personnel access;Access construction personnel;Access for construction workers
外來施工人員 external construction member

❽ 用英語翻譯建築工、清潔工、下水道工、修鞋匠等平凡工種

Builders, cleaners, sewer worker, the shoemaker, the ordinary type of work

❾ 這幾個職位和工種英語怎麼說

administrator/assistant行政專員/助理
manager's assistant/secretary/clerk經理助理/秘書/文員
sales assistant銷售助理
market people/market assistant市場專員/市場助理

manufacture/maintenance/fittings/sales/sevices/activities of advertisement promotion plan/making analysis report forms製造/維護/配件/銷售/服務/廣宣活動策劃/製作分析報表

全都是手寫的，哈哈，應該比較准確，我學的是營銷英語

❿ 施工方 英語怎麼說

construction company