作文中英語獨立主格結構怎麼用
1. 英語獨立主格結構
要弄懂為什麼用過去分詞seated,首先要知道seat作動詞用時是個及物動詞,而且它的賓語是人不是物。如:祈使句Be seated please(請坐)的主語是省去了you。即:you are seated. 或者Seat yourself. 再如:I saw him seated on a sofa. (我看到他坐在沙發上。),也是人作seat的賓語。
我個人覺得用得適當是可以的.注意幾點原則:1.必須使用正確,不能用錯,否則偷雞不成反失米;2.用的要恰當,就是適合語言風格和情節邏輯,不要為了使用而使用;3.此結構屬於高級語法結構,使用要適量,不要用的過多,一篇作文中出現一個就可以了,太多了反而不好.
本人參加了08年的高考英語閱卷工作,在眾多的英語作文中,使用非謂語動詞機構做狀語或者定語的不多,能夠正確使用獨立主格結構且用的恰當的更是鳳毛麟角.能夠使用高級結構的背景是整篇文章語言、結構、內容等方面都精彩,這樣叫做「錦上添花」.
但千萬記得:高考作文的最本質的要求是:使用流暢地道的英語正確傳達題目要求的信息.所以文章的內容最重要!也就是要點必須涵蓋要求的信息點.評卷教師就是根據要點定檔給分的.語言水平是第二個方面.
這樣比喻吧,作文是樹,內容是乾和枝,各種語法結構和詞彙是葉.
就說這么多吧,希望對你有所幫助.
3. 英語中的「獨立主格結構」的用法
獨立主格結構有兩部分組成,前一部份是名詞或者代詞,後一部分是非謂語動詞或其他的一些詞。前後兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語,多用於書面語。 獨立主格結構本身不是句子,在句子中作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。 獨立主格結構的功能 獨立主格結構主要用於描繪性文字中,其作用相當於一個狀語從句,常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如: 1) 表示時間 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會後我們都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她幹完了活,坐下來喝茶。 2) 表示條件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利,他或許能成功。 3) 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有計程車,我們只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。 4) 表示伴隨情況 Almost all metals are good conctors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體,而銀則是最好的導體。(=Almost all metals are good conctors, and silver is the best of all.) 常見的獨立主格結構有如下幾種: 1. 名詞/主格代詞+現在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間主謂關系。 如: The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn」t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他,他不知道說什麼好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話,我們明天去郊遊。 2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關系。 如: The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決,質量已經提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn」t see the words on the blackboard. 由於眼鏡摔壞了,她看不見黑板上的字。 3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系,且強調的是一次具體性的動作。 如: He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 藉助於一些舊零件,他要做一個飛機模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別後,一個回了家,一個去了書店。 4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。 如: An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難,無一人生還。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席,會議不得不取消。 5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。 如: He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束,他們就都回家了。 6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語。 如: The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手裡拿著書去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著,背對著門。 7. There being +名詞(代詞) 如: There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做,我們就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了,我宣布散會。 8. It being +名詞(代詞) 如: It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由於聖誕節的緣故,政府機關都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由於今天是假日,所有商店都關門了。 獨立主格結構的特點: 1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。 2)名詞或代詞與後面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關系。 3)獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。 舉例: The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了,我們開始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成後,我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結束後,每個人都想早點回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館 註:獨立主格結構有時可在其前加上介詞with。 如:Don』t sleep with the windows open. 別開著窗睡覺。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。 She came in with a book in her hand. 她手裡拿著一本書走了進來。 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。 I won』t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病,我無法去度假。 He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房裡工作。 I can』t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了。 使用獨立主格五點注意: 1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時,可用獨立主格結構取代狀語從句,但不再保留連詞。如:After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課後,學生很快離開了課室。 2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下,獨立主格結構中的being(或having been)不能省略。 (1) 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天,我們去了做禮拜。 (2)在There being+名詞的結構中。如:There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車,所以我們不得不步行回家。 3. 通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在「名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語」構成的獨立主格結構中,一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如: Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走進了課室,手裡拿著一本書。比較with的復合結構。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 4. 獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來主編來了,我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復合結構。) 獨立主格結構的用法 獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等,相當於一個狀語從句或並列句。 1. 用作時間狀語:The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成後,我們就回家了。 2. 用作條件狀語:Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話,他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。 3. 用作原因狀語:An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因為明天要發表一個重要的演講,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 4. 用作伴隨狀語:He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,兩手交叉枕在腦後。 5.表示補充說明:We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力,一個人干兩個人的活。 *註:獨立主格結構表示時間、條件或原因時,相當於一個狀語從句,一般放在句首,表示原因時還可放在句末;表伴隨狀況或補充說明時,相當於一個並列句,通常放於句末。 獨立主格結構妙題賞析 請看下面一道題: Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 【分析】此題很容易誤選B,許多同學會認為句中逗號後是一個非限制性的定語從句,whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其後的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看,似乎天衣無縫,但實質上是錯的,原因是空格後根本不是一個句子,因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞,但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為,其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞,但是注意,seat 用作動詞時,它總是及物的,其後要麼接賓語,要麼它就用於被動語態,所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is,則可以選擇B(當然若將 seated 改為sitting,也應選擇B)。所以此題最佳答案選A。 請再看一個類似的例子: (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. this D. that (2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that 第(1)應選B,而不能選C,是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞),若選C,則該從句無謂語;第(2)應選C,因為句中有謂語 were translatedC。 再請看下面一例: (3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同,兩句間多了一個並列連詞and,說明這是一個並列句,故應選B,則不能選C。 請做做以下三題(答案均為B): (1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that (2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners. A. which B. whom C. who D. that (3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that
4. 英語中的獨立結構有哪幾種形式怎麼用
不知道你說的是不是英語當中的獨立主格結構 如果是的話 那麼就應該是下面的情況 下面是我上高中的時候自己總結的筆記
英語中有一種短語結構,在邏輯上他們是主語(n.pron)和謂語(分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、數詞)上的關系,而沒有語法意義上的主語和謂語,這種結構叫做獨立主格結構.這種結構在句子當中經常起狀語的作用,間或作定語.有些可以轉換成狀語從句,表示原因、時間、方式、條件、伴隨等情況.有時前面可以加介詞with構成with符合短語.
構成:n./pron+ doing/ done /to do /adj /adv/prep phrase/n./num.
特點:無謂語動詞,但前面的n.或pron.與後面的各種短語有邏輯上的主謂關系.
應用:多用於書面語,在描繪性文字中有時用到它來使描繪更生動.
常見類型:
1)n./pron.+ 分詞 e.g.Spring coming on,the fields turn green.Mother being ill,she had to stay at home.They set out up the mountain,ropes tied to their backs.
2)名詞、代詞+不定式 e.g.She was left alone,with no one to look after her.
3)名詞、代詞+形容詞 e.g.He entered the room,his nose red with cold.The man looked at the picture,with his mouth open.
4)名詞、代詞+副詞 e.g.He put on his socks,wrong side out.The meeting over,everyone went home.With her mother away from home,she felt lonely.
5)名詞、代詞+介詞短語 e.g.She stood under a tree,hands in her pockets.The girl entered the room,with an apple in her hand.
6)名詞、代詞+名詞 e.g.In the north is Scotland,with its capital Edinburgh.
7)名詞、代詞+數詞 e.g.She has two sons,one six,the other seventeen.
註:無with無須接相應的冠詞和人稱代詞,有with時,需要將相應的冠詞和人稱代詞還原.
e.g.The dog is walking on the bridge,with a piece of meat in its mouth.
The dog is walking on the bridge,with meat in mouth.
位置:
1、表示時間、原因、條件的狀語多放在句首,有時可插在句中,可以用相應的狀語從句來替代.
e.g.The work done,we felt relieved.(Since the work has been done,we felt relieved.)
They being our friends,we should help them.Weather permitting,we will go there.
2、表示方式、伴隨情況的狀語放在句尾,有時可以用並列句代替.
e.g.He was deep in silence,his mind working.(方式)
He went to the front door,his sons following him.(伴隨)
有問題歡迎隨時追問
5. 英語裡面的獨立主格結構是什麼意思
獨立主格結構(Absolute Structure)是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構成的一種獨立結構,用於修飾整個句子。獨立主格結構中的名詞或代詞與其後的分詞等構成邏輯上的主謂關系。它的位置相當靈活,可置於主句前、主句中或主句末,常由逗號將其與主句分開。
獨立主格結構的基本構成形式:名詞(代詞)+現在分詞(過去分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等)。
例如:There being nothing else to do,they have goneaway.由於無事可做,他們離開了。(代詞+現在分詞)
獨立主格結構的用法:主要用於描繪性文字中,其作用相當於一個狀語從句,常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如:
1、 表示時間
His first play a success, he wrote another.
他第一個劇本成功後,又寫了另一個劇本。
2、 表示條件
The teacher to help us, we will succeed.
有老師的幫助,我們就能成功。
3、表示原因
It being Sunday, they had no classes.
由於是星期天,他們不上課。
4、表示伴隨情況
He lay on his back, his face up and his hands crossed under his head.
他臉朝天,頭枕著手躺著。
(5)作文中英語獨立主格結構怎麼用擴展閱讀
需要注意的問題:
1、 獨立主格結構中分句和主句的主語不一致。含有獨立主格結構的句子,前後主語是不一致的,這也是獨立主格結構和非謂語分句作狀語的最重要區別。
2. 在獨立主格結構中,動詞是用現在分詞還是過去分詞: 一般來說如果邏輯主語和動詞之間是主謂關系,用現在分詞。但如果邏輯主語和動詞之間是動賓關系,並且有被動的意思,用過去分詞。
3. 獨立主格結構相當於一個狀語從句。
4. 完成時態的運用,在獨立主格結構中如果強調分詞的時間發生在主句動作時間之前,常用現在分詞的完成時態having done, 根據情況確定是用主動還是被動。
6. 獨立主格結構怎麼用英語中怎麼用 具幾個例子有什麼用
相當於壯語或壯語從句:book in hand,the teacher came in.
mother being ill,she didn't come to the meeting.相當於because her mother was ill,.
his teeth set,his hand clenched before his breast, the boy died .
7. 獨立主格如何在作文中使用
請在此輸入您的回答(一):獨立主格的概念
「獨立主格結構」是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成。這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系,通常稱為「獨立主格結構」。
(二):獨立主格的功能
「獨立主格結構」實質就是帶有自己主語的非限制性狀語從句。眾所周知非限制性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語,從而依附於主句。而有些非限制性從句和無動詞從句帶有自己的主語,在結構上與主句不發生關系,因此成為獨立主格結構。其實,雖然叫做獨立主格結構,並不是真正的獨立,它還是一種從屬分句,在句中有多種作用。如:表原因、表條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時間等,在句中通常起狀語作用。,每一次專業解答都將打造您的權威形象
8. 英語中獨立主格,到底怎麼用,我不會這個 求詳細的介紹和說明
獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等,相當於一個狀語從句或並列句。
1. 獨立主結構形式可用以表時間,理由,條件,伴隨狀態等。
He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.
= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.
Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
School being over, the boys went home.
= When school was over, the boys went home.
The sun having set, we arrived at the station.
= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.
王牌重點:當獨立主格結構的主語表示「一般人」,如:we, one, you時,主語可省略,此用法常用於下列表達方式中:
generally speaking 一般來說
strictly speaking 嚴格地說
talking of ... 談到
speaking of ... 說到
judging from ... 由……來判斷
taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內
considering ... 考慮到……
[示例]
If we judge from his face, he must be ill.
= Judging from his face, he must be ill.
He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.
= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.
2.with 復合結構也是獨立主格結構形式之一。這種結構在句中作狀語(表示原因,方式,伴隨等)和定語,作定語時緊隨被修飾名詞後。
(1) with+ 名詞 + 介詞短語
The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.
The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.
(2) with + 名詞 + adj.
with the door open, he left the classroom.
(3) with + 名詞 + adv.
With the gloves off, she felt cold.
With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.
(4) with + 名詞 + 現在分詞(主動)
with + 名詞 + 過去分詞(被動)
With the guide leading us, we got to the village.
The boy was crying with the vase broken.
(5) with + 名詞 + 不定式
With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.
9. 英語獨立主格結構問題
這兩句不是獨立主格結構哦,這兩句前面的部分只是做狀語。
獨立主格結構要在狀語的前面加上狀語自己的主語,而且這個主語和主句的主語不同,你給出的兩個句子狀語的主語和主句一致了。我可以給你一個例句:
Weather permitting,we can go hiking.
這句話中狀語的主語是weather,而主句的主語是we,而且前面的部分作狀語。
望採納!
10. 英語里獨立主格結構怎麼寫說的通俗點,不要復制的
獨立主格結構(the absolute structure)是由名詞或代詞加上分詞或分詞短語構成的一種獨立結構,用於修飾整個句子,而不是一個詞或片語。獨立主格結構中的名詞或代詞與其後的分詞或分詞短語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構與主句不發生句法上的聯系,獨立主格結構的位置相當靈活,可置於主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是,獨立主格結構與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。例如:
1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜籠罩大地,誰也看不清遠處黑壓壓的一片是什麼東西。)
2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,頭枕著左臂,直挺挺地趴伏著。)
3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那個膽小鬼向另一個房間退去,臉色煞白。)
獨立主格結構多用於書面語,尤其是描述性語言中,在口語和非正式文體中,一般用從句或兩個句子來代替。例如,上述例句可變為:
1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.
2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.
3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.