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關於防疫我們應該怎麼做英語作文

發布時間: 2021-01-07 04:09:47

⑴ 關於預防SARS.保持健康,我們該做些什麼 英語作文60詞

標題:復制What we should do to prevent us from SARS
正文:
In order to prevent us from SARS,we should take some measures.
Firstly,we can't go to the places full of people to prevent us from the respiratory tract infection and we should wear respirators when going out.Secondly,we must remember to wash our hands before dinner.Thirdly,we should take more exercise to stong our body.Besides,we should keep up a good state of mind.
Only we do it like that can we win the fight against SARS.

希望能幫助你!!

⑵ 疾病的控制和預防英語作文 求簡單一點 最好有中文翻譯

y English teacher.Ms. Gao our English teacher is my favorite person.She is slim and beautiful with curly,long hair. She is in her early thirties. She is always full of energy and her lessons are always well-prepared . All of us like her lessons very much because we can gain much from her lessons. Besides, I admire that she is always friendly and kind so she can make friends easily with us outside the classroom. When we have any difficulties, we all like asking her for help.Ms.Gao is truly a wise teacher. 高老師我的最喜歡的人,她身材苗條、漂亮、卷花頭長發。她30出頭。她總是精力充沛,她的課總是精心准備。我們都喜歡上她的課因為我們可以從她的課收獲很多。此外,我欽佩她總是很友善,因此她總能輕松地在課下和我們交朋友。當我們遇到困難總喜歡象她求教。高老師的確是相當聰明的老師。2. An unforgetable experienceLast week, I came across a stray dog when I was taking a walk in my neighborhood. It was a cold day, and there was nobody around. I stopped and he looked at me helplessly. 「What a poor dog!」 I thought. Then I decided to bring him home. When we got back home, I gave him some food and drinks and played with him, but it seemed that he was a little sad. I knew he was missing his owner. What could I do? I came up with an idea. Then I put up a 『Dog-Found-Notice』 at the gate of our neighborhood with the help of Dad. A few days later, the owner of the dog came to my house. I was very happy to see the little dog go home with his owner, and I feel proud that I was able to give others a helping hand. 上周當我在社區散步時遇到了一隻流浪狗,天氣很冷,周圍沒有人。我停了下來,他無助地望著我。我想「多麼可憐的狗呀!」然後我決定把他帶回家。當我們回到家,我喂給他吃的,給他喝的,並和他一起玩耍。但他似乎有點悲傷。我知道他在想念他的主人。我該怎麼做?我想到了個注意。然後我在父親的幫助下在小區門口貼了個尋狗啟示。幾天後,狗的主人來到我家,我非常高興看到小狗隨主人回了家。給他人幫助我感到很自豪。

⑶ 如何預防疾病英語作文60詞左右代翻譯

健康是什麼?健康就是身體、心裡沒有疾病,發育完全良好!
What is health? Health is to the body, heart disease, fully developed good!
健康,也是整整陪伴我們十幾年得好夥伴,好朋友,我們可以說是形影不離!
Health, is also the whole with us more than ten years is a good partner, good friends, we can say is inseparable.
健康,是我們一直追求,一直嚮往的目標!一個人如果擁有了健康的身體,健康的文化,健康的心理,就是非常非常開心、自豪的事情!如果我們做到了這三點,就是減少了我們人生大道的絆腳石,也就是為我們今後的幸福生活鑄造了一個良好的基礎。
Health, is our pursuit, has been always aspire to the goal! If a person have a healthy body, a healthy culture, psychological health, is very, very happy and proud! If we do this at 3 o 'clock, is to rece our life road, is also for our future happiness life of casting a good foundation.
擁有健康的身體,應該從一點一滴做起!如:不偏食、不厭食、不挑食!並且要做到每天體育鍛煉!還有多喝水,多吃水果。
Have a healthy body, should start from every little bit! Such as: partial eclipse, anorexia, not picky about food! And to do exercise every day! And drink more water, eat more fruit.
擁有健康的文化,應該從自我控制力做起!在學習文化知識的時候,不但應學習教科書上的內容,也應該多閱讀課外讀物!節假日也應該到圖書館去借閱書籍,在閱讀的時候,難免會有許多少年不宜讀、不宜看、不健康的東西,這就需要我們自我約束!吮吸精華,合理地去吸收!這樣,就會使我們保持文化健康。
Have a healthy culture, should start from the self-control! When to learn cultural knowledge, not only should learn the content of the textbook, should also read extracurricular books! Holidays should also went to the library borrowing books, at the time of reading, one will have many young should not be read, not seeing, unhealthy things, this needs us self-discipline! Suck the essence, reasonably to absorb! So, it will enable us to maintain a healthy culture.
擁有健康的心理,要從不屈不撓開始說起!爸爸媽媽曾經告訴過我:「心理健康和文化健康同樣重要!」只要擁有不屈不饒的沖勁才能克服種種困難。我們天天與父母、同學交流!同學給我們提的建議,老師提出我們的缺點,我們應該虛心接受。盡量不和同學們發生矛盾!
Have a healthy psychological, started to persevere! Mom and dad told me: "mental health and cultural health is equally important!" As long as have unrelenting drive to overcome difficulties. We communicate with parents and students every day! Students give us the advice, the teacher put forward our shortcomings, we should accept modestly. As far as possible with the students conflict!
自尊心強,固然是好事,老師批評了我們,我們流淚了,是因為我們知道錯了,下定決心要開始奮鬥了!但你的眼淚不能一次一次的流,還屢教不改!這就變成了鱷魚的眼淚!
High self-esteem, it is good, the teacher criticized us, we shed tears, because we know is wrong, is determined to begin to struggle! But your tears flow can't again, also often teach not to change! It's turned out to be a crocodile tears.
犯了錯誤就應該正確的去面對!不能因為一次錯誤而是自己失去了生機,變得不活潑把自己隱藏在深處不能與別人交流,這就不對了!
Made a mistake should have the right to face! Cannot because of a mistake but his lost vitality, become inert to hide himself in the deep can't communicate with others, this is not right!
是千里馬總要被伯樂發現,對。但是,現如今,伯樂總是有限,千里馬越來越多,所以,伯樂不可能一個一個地發現你!你應該主動地把自己展示給伯樂。這樣,你才會有好的成績。
Is a swift horse is always found by bole, right. But, nowadays, bole is always limited, swift horse is increasing, so the bole one by one, can not find you! You should actively show themselves to bole. In this way, you will have good results.
我們現在是少年時代的學生,應該以學為主,不能去少年不能去的地方,如:網吧、游戲廳等!應保持心裡健康 ,我們一但進去,就險了進去,而不能自拔!
Now, we are young age students, should give priority to in order to learn, can't go to the young can't go to the places, such as Internet cafes, games, etc! Should maintain a healthy heart, but we go in, risks, and cannot extricate oneself!
身體健康,文化健康,心裡健康這幾點相比起來心理健康更難做到一些,但只要努力,再努力就一定會保持這三點!
Health, culture, health, healthy heart this time compared to mental health is harder to do some, but as long as you work hard, try again will keep this at 3 o 'clock!
總而言之,統而言之。身體健康,文化健康,心理健康這三點只要缺一點就不是一名合格的小學生!所以我們要養成良好的行為習慣!始終保持學生的本色,不忘我們是一名小學生!讓健康永遠是我們的好朋友,讓這個夥伴永遠圍繞在我們的身邊、周圍吧!
To sum up. Health, culture, health, mental health these three points as long as the lack of a little, it is not a qualified students! So we should develop good habits! Always keep the instinctive quality of students, do not forget we are a primary school student! Let healthy is our good friend forever, let the partners around the us, forever!
讓健康永遠伴隨我們成長!
Let the health accompanied by us grow forever!

⑷ 關於疾病預防的英語作文

Prevention is better than cure: Out of a country』s health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health ecation and preventative measures. 預防勝於治療,出於對國家的衛生預算,很大一部分:應該從治療轉移到健康教育和預防措施的開支。The rising costs of health care have become an issue for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the state health budget be used for health ecation and disease prevention instead of treatment醫療費用的上漲已經成為世界上許多國家的問題。為了解決這個問題,建議在國家的衛生預算的很大一部分用於健康教育和疾病預防,而不是用於治療First of all, many kinds of diseases are preventable and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could prevent catching a cold if they dress warmly and get good rest when the weather first gets cold in the winter. But many people get sick because they fail to do so and have to spend much more money seeing a doct123 Another case in point is cancer, the leading cause of death in the world. But lung cancer, liver cancer and many other kinds of cancer could all be effectively prevented if people take measures for their health in an early stage. Small things such as smoking less or eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients took measures for early cancer prevention. 首先,許多類疾病是可以預防和防止疾病的治療,通常比它更便宜。例如,人們可以預防感冒,如果他們穿暖,並獲得良好的休息時,首先獲取的天氣,冬天寒冷。但許多人生病是因為他們沒有這樣做,必須花更多的錢看到doct123另一個例子是癌症死亡的世界領先的原因。但是,肺癌,肝癌和許多其他類型的癌症都可以有效預防的,如果人們需要為他們的健康處於早期階段的措施。例如吸煙或吃少更健康的食品小事情會一直成為破產,如果患者服用早期癌症預防措施,數百萬家庭。In addition, health ecation also plays a key role in improving people』s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it.此外,健康教育也可在增進人民健康方面發揮關鍵作用。通過為人們提供更多有關健康的信息,國家可以幫助人們了解疾病的預防措施以及如何實現它的重要性。In conclusion, we could save money in health care and treat patients more successfully if our country uses more money on health prevention and ecation. 最後,我們可以節省醫療保健和治療病人的錢更成功,如果我們的國家以預防保健和教育更多的錢。

⑸ 幫我寫一篇關於預防感冒的英語作文

how
to
prevent
a
cold
many
people
have
got
a
headache,
cough
because
of
cold.speaking
of
a
cold,for
us
is
not
strange.
in
order
to
help
people
to
prevent
colds.here
i
will
tell
you
some
advice
to
prevent
a
cold.
the
first
one
is
that
you
should
often
drink
water.the
hot
water
is
often
good
for
us.and
when
change
garments
according
to
the
season
you
must
to
keep
warm.for
exemple,when
winter
comes,the
weather
is
becoming
colder
and
colder,we
should
pay
attention
to
add
clothing.the
next
,often
open
a
window
is
also
a
good
way
to
prevent
a
cold,it
can
help
air
circulation.fanilly,often
exercise
can
help
us
to
have
a
healthy
body.insist
on
taking
exercise
every
day
is
so
good.
listen
to
these
suggestions,you
will
not
have
a
cold.to
prevent
a
cold,to
make
our
life
more
beautiful
and
more
healthy.
譯文:
如何預防感冒
許多人因為感冒而引起頭痛,咳嗽。感冒對我們來說並不陌生。
為了幫助人們預防感冒,我在這里將告訴你預防感冒的一些建議。第一,你應該經常喝水。熱水往往是對人體很好的。根據不同的季節增減衣物保持身體暖和。例如,當冬天來臨時,天氣變得越來越冷了,要注意添加衣物。接下來,經常打開窗戶也是預防感冒的好方法,它可以幫助空氣流通。最後,經常鍛煉可以幫助我們有一個健康的身體。堅持每天鍛煉身體是那麼好。
聽從這些建議,你就不會感冒。預防感冒,使我們的生活更美好、更健康。

⑹ 如何預防盜竊關於盜竊的英語作文

現在的英語越來越普及,隨著英語的不斷深入,英語作文變得越來越重要,下列是一些英語作文供大家參考。盜竊相關英語作文範文一:About the larcenous,I have something to say.First of all,I think the cause is the economy.Nowadays,the economy developed,and there are huge differences between the poor and the rich.many people work hard everyday,but he still cannot have the equal redound.That causes psychology abnormal.Then,people felt unfair and begrudge.then they start to crime.that 's not a good phenomena,it's a big social problem to wait us solve it.『範文二:校園盜竊英語作文Enhance Awareness to Guard against Campus Thefts1. 校園盜竊案件時有發生2. 物品被盜的原因3. 學生如何加強防盜意識審題概述這是一篇論述校園物品被盜和加強防盜意識的文章。第一段,主要陳述校園盜竊案件發生的情況。第二段,主要分析校園物品被盜的原因。第三段,主要闡述學生怎樣增強防盜意識。【範文】l Enhance Awareness to Guard against Campus Thefts「If you don』t want to wake up and find you have no pants to wear, you』d better put them on in sleep,」 goes a popular joke among students. Obviously, campus thefts have become increasingly annoying as they occur far more often than before. And it seems that the thieves are less choosy these days, with their targets ranging widely from bikes, cell phones, purses, pre-paid IC cards to sunglasses, bags, and even underwear. In short, anything that worth a dime is likely to be stolen.What makes students the easy targets? The reasons are not hard to find. But I believe of all these reasons, the lack of anti-theft alertness is the most important one. For lack of alertness, the students tend to leave the doors and windows wide open ring sleep at noon or at night in summer. For the same reason, they』ll also leave their bikes unlocked outside a store or by a road, or forget to take away their personal stuff before they go out of the classroom to make a phone call. These acts undoubtedly have increased their exposure to the light-fingered monsters.In order to minimize possible losses, the students must stay on guard in the first place, as awareness of the thefts around often makes a big difference. To be more specific, the students should not hide any tempting amount of cash in the dorm. Put it in the bank instead. Besides, do not leave any valuable items unattended. Take them wherever you go. In addition, it』s advisable to develop a neighbourhood watch programme with other students in the dorm and neighbouring dorms.第一段思路點評:陳述校園盜竊案件發生的情況語言點提示:it seems that此句型表示一種可能性第二段思路點評:說明被盜原因語言點提示:(1)What makes students the easy targets?此句引出下文(2)anti-theft alertness防盜意識(3)lack of alertness缺乏警惕(4)light-fingered小偷小摸的、慣行扒竊的以上便是關於 「 英語寫作範文 」的具體內容了, 更多相關內容請關注 英語學習英語寫作翻譯相關推薦:一起來學習英語經典句子英語作文專業短語總結國外最新的英語作文匯總

⑺ 怎樣預防流感英語作文70字帶翻譯

Flu always happens between changes of seasons.Now as winter is
coming soon,it is necessary to find some ways to prevnt influenza.
First,flu
transmits mostly by air and body liquid,so indoors ventilation(
circulation of air) must be maintained and people should form the good
habit that clean the used tissue after wiping the running nose and
coughing.Healthy people need to keep a safe disdance to people who got
flu.
流感總是發生在季節變化之間。現在冬天是
即將到來,有必要找到一些方法來預防流行性感冒。
首先,流感
主要通過空氣和體液傳輸,因此室內通風(
必須保持空氣循環,人們應該形成好處
習慣,擦拭運行的鼻子後清潔使用的組織
咳嗽。健康的人需要保持一個安全的不安的人誰得到
流感。

初中生英語作文,必須原創。高懸賞。。健康對於我們每個人都是很重要的,你認為我們應該怎麼做才能預防疾

You can take away our money,house,car or even clothes and we can survive. But if our health was taken away ,we would surely die.That is why we try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly.Now i have some advice of how to keep healthy for you!
First,taking exercise everyday,because it can help us build a strong body.It is important for our health.Second,try your best to avoid eating food high in fat like cookies and eat lots of vegetables and fresh fruit,this can help too.Third,i always feel better when i am with friends than when i am alone,so i think that it is also important to make friends.Last but not least,smile often always make you healthier. Have you determined to do as what I say? I wish you to do so!

一字一字打出來的,不過有一兩句話是在網上看得 因為寫的確實比較好,希望採納 have a nice day:))

⑼ 關於預防h1n1的英語作文

豬流感有生命危險嗎?豬流感Q&A 中英文

Q&A: Swine flu

What is swine flu?豬流感是什麼

It is a contagious respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses. Pigs are hit by regular outbreaks. There are many different types of swine flu and the current cases involve the H1N1 strain of type A influenza virus.
How do humans catch it?

While people do not normally catch it, humans can contract the virus, usually if they have been in close contact with pigs. It is also possible for the constantly changing infection to spread from person to person, which has happened in the latest outbreak. Experts believe it spreads in the same way as seasonal flu - through coughing and sneezing.

What are the symptoms?豬流感的症狀是什麼?

The symptoms of swine influenza in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza infection and include fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, coughing and sore throat. Some people with swine flu have also reported vomiting and diarrhoea.

What is the difference between swine flu, avian flu and the flu commonly seen in the UK ring the winter?豬流感和禽流感的區別,以及與冬天的流感區別?

Influenza viruses are commonly circulating in the human and animal environment, with different strains causing illness in humans, bird and pigs. Seasonal influenza is caused by viruses that are adapted to spread in humans. Humans have some natural immunity to the strains that are in common circulation, and this immunity can be boosted by immunisation with a vaccine. Avian influenza is caused by influenza viruses adapted for infection in birds. Similarly, swine influenza is caused by influenza viruses adapted for infection in pigs. These illnesses all cause the same respiratory symptoms in sufferers and can be passed between one another.

How dangerous is it?豬流感有多危險?

More than 80 people have died and thousands made ill, in Mexico in particular, although cases have also been reported in the US and New Zealand. However, testing has shown that the antiviral drugs oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) appear to be effective against the human swine influenza H1N1 strain,

Why should we be worried about it?我們為什麼要擔心豬流感?

The World Health Organisation warned the outbreak had "pandemic potential" and countries were advised to step up surveillance and preparation in case the infection spreads rapidly. Flu viruses have the ability to change and mutate, making it difficult for drugs manufacturers to ensure effective vaccines are available. The new version of the H1N1 virus is a mix of different animal and human versions of the disease. Mixing can lead to the development of changed viruses to which humans have little immunity.

What is a pandemic?什麼叫流行病?

If the flu spreads over a wide geographic area and affects a large proportion of the population it goes beyond an epidemic and becomes a pandemic. According to the Health Protection Agency, an influenza pandemic is defined as a new or novel influenza virus that spreads easily between humans. When new influenza viruses are introced into the environment, humans do not have any natural immunity to protect against them. Therefore, there is a risk that that new influenza viruses could develop into a pandemic if the virus passes easily from human-to-human.

Will it spread to the UK?豬流感會傳播到英國么?

It is too early to say whether the cases reported so far will lead to a larger outbreak, the HPA said. No cases have been reported in the UK although experts are monitoring the situation closely. Anyone who has recently returned from affected countries should consult a doctor if they notice flu-like symptoms.

What is being done in the UK to prevent the infection?英國目前怎樣預防?

The HPA said it is working with the UK government to review the current incident and any threat it poses to UK public health. It advised people to follow general infection control practices and good hygiene to rece transmission of all viruses. This includes covering their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, disposing of dirty tissues promptly and carefully, washing hands frequently with soap and water and cleaning surfaces which are regularly touched.

中文簡稱:豬流感
英文:swine influenza
英文簡稱:swine flu
[編輯本段]豬患豬流感的症狀以及防治
診斷要點流行特點各個年齡、性別和品種的豬對本病毒都有易感性。本病的流行有明顯的季節性,天氣多變的秋末、早春和寒冷的冬季易發生。本病傳播迅速,常呈地方性流行或大流行。本病發病率高,死亡率低(4%-10%)。病豬和帶毒豬是豬流感的傳染源,患病痊癒後豬帶毒6~8周。

避免接觸流感樣症狀(發熱,咳嗽,流涕等)或肺炎等呼吸道病人;注意個人衛生,經常使用肥皂和清水洗手,尤其在咳嗽或打噴嚏後;避免接觸生豬或前往有豬的場所;避免前往人群擁擠場所;咳嗽或打噴嚏時用紙巾遮住口鼻,然後將紙巾丟進垃圾桶;如在境外出現流感樣症狀(發熱,咳嗽,流涕等),應立即就醫(就醫時應戴口罩),並向當地公共衛生機構和檢驗檢疫部門說明。
4、人如何受到感染?
人們通常從受感染的豬感染上豬流感,然而,有些病例並沒有和豬,或豬存在過的環境的接觸。在一些程度下,人和人 的接觸會導致傳播,但僅限於密切接觸和封閉的人群。
5、食用豬肉能否感染?
沒有證據說明,豬流感是由於食用妥善處理過的豬肉或豬肉產品造成的。美國疾控中心指出,豬肉加熱至71攝氏度,就能殺死豬流感病毒,人不會因吃豬肉或豬產品感染豬流感。
6、豬流感有哪些症狀?
7、墨西哥豬流感與美國豬流感是否相同?
美國疾控中心證實,在墨西哥導致數十人死亡的豬流感病毒與在美國導致數十人染病的病毒都是A/H1N1型,這一毒株是一種新型變異病毒。
8、此次豬流感疫情有何特點?
世衛組織強調稱,通常情況下,兒童和老人更容易遭到流感病毒的感染,但此次墨西哥發現的豬流感病毒感染者大多為年輕人。
9、治療人類感染豬流感有無特效葯?
美國疾控中心說,目前沒有專門針對人類感染豬流感的特效葯,通常使用的有4種抗流感葯物,但臨床顯示,這種變異病毒對其中2種具有抗葯性。
有兩種類別葯品, 1) adamantanes (adamantanes和remantadine ) ,和2 )流感的神經氨酸酶抑制劑(達菲oseltamivir 和扎那米韋 zanamivir) 。
以前大部分豬流感病例的報告都是完全康復,沒有需要醫療照顧和抗病毒葯物。
一些流感病毒對抗病毒葯物產生抗葯性,限制了治療效果。最近從美國獲得的感染豬流感病毒的人類病例,對達菲和扎那米韋抗性金剛烷胺很敏感,但是對amantadine和remantadine有抵抗性。
信息還沒有充分到可以建議使用抗病毒葯物來治療豬流感病毒的感染。臨床醫生必須根據病人的臨床和生理狀況進行評估,考慮治療可能產生的積極和消極的影響。在豬流感病毒正在爆發的美國和墨西哥,在病毒的易感性手冊上,國家和地方當局建議使用奧塞米韋或扎那米韋進行治療。
10、有無抗豬流感疫苗?
美國疾控中心說,目前只有用於豬的抗豬流感疫苗,還沒有專門用於人類的。就目前情況看,普通的抗流感疫苗對人類抵抗豬流感沒有明顯效果。
11、我該如何保護自己,不被豬流感感染上的患者感染?
保護自己,可採用一般的預防流感的措施:
•避免和出現不適症狀、發燒和咳嗽的人密切接觸。
•經常和徹底地用肥皂和水洗手。
•養成良好的衛生習慣,包括充足的睡眠,進食有營養的食物,並堅持體育鍛煉。
如果家中有病人:
•嘗試為病人提供房子中的一個單獨房間。如果做不到這一點,讓病人和其他人保持至少1米的距離。
•照顧病人時捂住嘴和鼻子。可以購買出售的面具或使用處置或適當處理過的現成材料進行製作。
•每次和病人接觸後用水和肥皂徹底洗手。
•設法改善病人居住地的空氣的流通。通過門、窗利用門窗,利用風。
•保持環境清潔,隨時提供家居清潔劑。
12、如果我覺得患上了豬流感,應該怎麼做?
如果您感到身體不適,有發高燒,咳嗽和/或喉嚨痛:
•盡可能留在家裡,遠離上班,上學或人群。
•休息,並喝足夠的液體。
•在咳嗽和打噴嚏時,用一次性的紙巾掩住嘴和鼻子,並合適地處理用過的紙巾。
•經常用肥皂和水徹底洗手,特別是在咳嗽或打噴嚏時。
•通知家人和朋友自己患病情況,尋求別人幫助,代為進行和其他人如購物類的接觸。
如果您需要醫療照顧:
•聯系你的醫生或保健提供者,然後前往就診,報告你的症狀。解釋為什麼你認為你有豬流感(例如,最近前往一個國 家,在人群中有豬流感爆發)。根據他提供的意見進行治療。
•如果無法與您的醫療保健供應商提前溝通,立刻到保健機構溝通,說明你對患有豬流感的換衣。
•旅行期間注意覆蓋鼻子和嘴巴。
[編輯本段]「豬」流感疫情爆發歷史
1918年西班牙流感(Spanish Flu),H1N1病毒,首發於1917年的澳大利亞,影響了包括歐洲、北冰洋和太平洋地區等世界很多地方。死亡人數據估計5千萬人。
H1豬流感病毒進化時間表1976年美國豬流感,1918年的H1N1病毒的變種。死亡25人。但這次流感給當時的福特政府帶來了公共衛生管理的危機。福特政府目標覆蓋全體美國人疫苗計劃到其中止時,僅僅覆蓋了24%的美國人口。
1976年2月美國新澤西洲迪克斯堡新兵營中發生了一起豬(H1N1)亞型毒株引起的流感爆發事件,約200餘人被感染,一人死亡。當時福特總統欲想連任,親自批准1.35億美元制備豬流感疫苗,用於全民免疫接種,而其他國家均持觀望態度,結果美國推測失誤,疫苗也以失敗而告終,因此引起許多異議和訴訟。福特為競選總統而批准此冒險計劃,養豬場提出抗議,要將豬流感改為新澤西洲流感以免居民談豬色變。本次流感和病原學分析表明,豬型流感病毒是由豬直接傳播人。
過去人感染豬流感病毒的病例很少見,豬流感病毒通常不在人際間傳播。2005年12月至2009年1月,美國只發現過12例人感染豬流感病例,其中11人與豬有過直接接觸。
2007年菲律賓豬流感。死亡率佔到受感染人的10%。
2009年4月,墨西哥爆發大規模的豬流感,美國和墨西哥的絕大多數患者並未接觸過豬,墨西哥政府現階段已排除吃豬肉感染病毒的可能性。這種病毒已被證實經由人-人形式傳播。在人際傳播時,科學家指出,打噴嚏、咳嗽和物理接觸都有可能導致新型豬流感病毒在人群間傳播。
美國著名流感專家、明尼蘇達州大學的邁克爾·奧斯特赫姆2009年4月24日表示,流感病毒的傳播速度驚人,當大家發現病毒感染者出現時,可能已經錯過了控制「這種新病毒擴散」的最佳時機。邁克爾·奧斯特赫姆擔心,最近出入墨西哥城國際機場的旅遊者或許已攜帶著病毒抵達世界各地。
[編輯本段]2009年豬流感疫情動態
疫情圖中華人民共和國衛生部有關負責人2009年4月25日表示,衛生部收到世界衛生組織通報,美國和墨西哥發生人感染A/H1N1豬流感疫情。
據世界衛生組織通報,美國和墨西哥發生人感染A/H1N1豬流感疫情。自2009年3月18日以來,墨西哥流感樣病例呈上升趨勢。截至4月28日,墨西哥先後發生3起疫情,共報告病例三千多例,死亡103例,病死率7%.
據了解,人感染豬流感後的症狀與感冒類似,患者會出現發燒、咳嗽、疲勞、食慾不振等。在預防方面,許銳恆認為現階段沒必要扎堆去接種人流感疫苗,因為預防季節性流感疫苗對預防豬流感並無效果。正確的做法是養成良好的個人衛生習慣,充足睡眠、勤於鍛煉、減少壓力、足夠營養;勤洗手,尤其是接觸過公共物品後要先洗手再觸摸自己的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴;
[編輯本段]豬流感簡介 引起的呼吸系統疾病。豬流感由甲型流感病毒(A型流感病毒)引發,通常爆發於豬之間,傳染性很高但通常不會引發死亡。秋冬季屬高發期,但全年可傳播。豬流感多被辨識為丙型流感病毒(C型流感病毒),或者是甲型流感病毒的亞種之一。該病毒可在豬群中造成流感暴發。通常情況下人類很少感染豬流感病毒。
豬流感有很多個不同的品種,計有:H1N1、H1N2、H3N1、H3N2和H2N3亞型的甲型流感
病理變化豬流行性感冒的病理變化主要在呼吸器官。鼻、咽、喉、氣管和支氣管的粘膜充血、腫脹,表面覆有粘稠的液體,小支氣管和細支氣管內充滿泡沫樣滲出液。胸腔、心包腔蓄積大量混有纖維素的漿液。肺臟的病變常發生於尖葉、心葉、中間葉、膈葉的背部與基底部,與周圍組織有明顯的界限,顏色由紅至紫,塌陷、堅實,韌度似皮革,脾臟腫大,頸部淋巴結、縱膈淋巴結、支氣管淋巴結腫大多汁。
類症鑒別由於豬的流行性感冒不一定總是以典型的形式出現,並且與其它呼吸道疾病又很相似,所以,臨床診斷只能是假定性的。在秋季或初冬,豬群中發生呼吸道疾病就可懷疑為豬流行性感冒。
暴發性地出現上呼吸道綜合征,包括結膜炎、噴嚏和咳嗽以及低死亡率,可以將豬流行性感冒與豬的其它上呼吸道疾病區別開,在鑒別診斷時,應注意豬氣喘病和本病的區別,二者最易混淆。
防治措施本病無有效疫苗和特效療法,重要的是良好的護理及保持豬舍清潔、乾燥、溫暖、無賊風襲擊。供給充足的清潔飲水,康復的頭幾天,飼料要限制供給。在發病中不得騷擾或移動病豬,以減少應激死亡 。
豬流行性感冒特徵為突然發病,迅速蔓延全群,主要症狀為上呼吸道感染,一般多在冬春季節以及氣候驟變時發生,該病也常繼發豬副嗜血桿菌病。
臨床症狀與病理變化
該病的發病率高,潛伏期為2~7天,病程1周左右。病豬發病初期突然發熱,精神不振,食慾減退或廢絕,常橫卧在一起,不願活動,呼吸困難,激烈咳嗽,眼鼻流出黏液。如果在發病期治療不及時,則易並發支氣管炎、肺炎和胸膜炎等,增加豬的病死率。
病豬體溫升高達40℃~41.5℃,精神沉鬱,食慾減退或不食,肌肉疼痛,不願站立,眼和鼻有黏性液體流出,眼結膜充血,個別病豬呼吸困難,喘氣,咳嗽,呈腹式呼吸,有犬坐姿勢,夜裡可聽到病豬哮喘聲,個別病豬關節疼痛,尤其是膘情較好的豬發病較嚴重。
剖檢可見喉、氣管及支氣管充滿含有氣泡的黏液,黏膜充血,腫脹,時而混有血液,肺間質增寬,淋巴結腫大,充血,脾腫大,胃腸黏膜有卡他出血性炎症,胸腹腔、心包腔蓄積含纖維素物質的液體。
流行特點 各個年齡、性別和品種的豬對本病毒都有易感性。本病的流行有明顯的季節性,天氣多變的秋末、早春和寒冷的冬季易發生。本病傳播迅速,常呈地方性流行或大流行。本病發病率高,死亡率低(4%~10%)。病豬和帶毒豬是豬流感的傳染源,患病痊癒後豬帶毒6~8周。
臨床特徵 本病潛伏期很短,幾小時到數天,自然發病時平均為4天。發病初期病豬體溫突然升高至40.3~41.5℃,厭食或食慾廢絕,極度虛弱乃至虛脫,常卧地。呼吸急促、腹式呼吸、陣發性咳嗽。從眼和鼻流出粘液,鼻分泌物有時帶血。病豬擠卧在一起,難以移動,觸摸肌肉僵硬、疼痛,出現膈肌痙攣,呼吸頓挫,一般稱這為打嗝兒。如有繼發感染,則病勢加重,發生纖維素性出血性肺炎或腸炎。母豬在懷孕期感染,產下的仔豬在產後2~5天發病很重,有些在哺乳期及斷奶前後死亡。
病理變化 豬流感的病理變化主要在呼吸器官。鼻、咽、喉、氣管和支氣管的粘膜充血、腫脹,表面覆有粘稠的液體,小支氣管和細支氣管內充滿泡沫樣滲出液。胸腔、心包腔蓄積大量混有纖維素的漿液。肺臟的病變常發生於尖葉、心葉、葉間葉、膈葉的背部與基底部,與周圍組織有明顯的界限,顏色由紅至紫,塌陷、堅實,韌度似皮革,脾臟腫大,頸部淋巴結、縱膈淋巴結、支氣管淋巴結腫大多汁。
截至2009年4月27日墨西哥疑似感染死亡81人診斷
根據發病情況、臨床症狀和病理變化,可初步診斷該豬群為流行性感冒繼發豬副嗜血桿菌病。
防治措施
一、
1.加強飼養管理,提高豬群的營養需求,定時清潔環境衛生,對已患病的豬只及時進行隔離治療。
2.清開靈注射液+鹽酸林可黴素注射液+強效阿莫西林,按每千克體重0.2毫升~0.5毫升,混合肌肉注射,每日一次,連用3天。
3.在飼料中混入抗病毒I號粉(400千克料/袋)+強力黴素300ppm,混合均勻。連續拌料10天;同時飲水中加入電解多維。經採取以上治療措施後,病情很快得到了控制,3天後全群恢復健康。
4.中葯荊防敗毒散防止豬流感有特效。
二、
1. 及時隔離,欄圈、飼具要用2%火鹼溶液消毒、剩料剩水深埋或無公害化處理,在豬的飼糧中加入0.05%的鹽酸嗎啉胍(病毒靈)飼喂1周。
2.用綠豆250克、柴胡、板藍根100克,煎水10公斤飲豬,有較好的預防作用。
治療
對病豬要對症治療,防止繼發感染。可選用:15%鹽酸嗎啉胍(病毒靈)注射液,按豬體重每千克用25毫克,肌肉注射,每日2次,連注2天。30%安乃近注射液,按豬體重每千克用30毫克,肌肉注射,每日2次,連注2天。如全群感染,可用中葯拌料喂服。中葯方:荊芥、金銀花、大青葉、柴胡、葛根、黃苓、木通、板藍根、甘草、乾薑各25~50克(每頭計、體重50千克左右),把葯曬干,粉碎成細面,拌入料中喂服,如無食慾,可煎湯喂服,一般1劑即愈,必要時第2天再服1劑。
豬流行性感冒由豬流感病毒引起,多突然發病,體溫40-41.℃,呼吸困難,咳嗽,眼鼻流出漿性液體,一周內可康復.治療:①百爾定注射液4-6ml肌肉注射;或安乃近注射液4-1Oml肌肉注射,每天一次.②酵母片20-60片、人工鹽10-30g,共研成末混入飼料喂飼,每天一次,連用3天.
豬群發病是由於氣候變化,畜主飼養場圈舍簡陋,飼養管理水平低下,導致豬群發生流行性感冒,同時因病情時間稍長,以致病豬繼發感染豬副嗜血桿菌病。本病應加強飼養管理,定期消毒,對患豬要早發現,早治療,且要按療程用葯。

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