不信奉國教英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

⑴ 《魯濱遜漂流記》作者的英文簡介

Daniel Defoe
Born 1659 / 1661 (?)

Died 24 April 1731 (?)

Occupation Writer, journalist, spy
Genres Adventure
Influenced Johann Wyss, Jonathan Swift

Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 [?] – April 24 [?], 1731)[1] was an English writer, journalist, and spy, who gained enring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest practitioners of the novel and helped popularize the genre in Britain. In some texts he is even referred to as one of the founders, if not the founder, of the English novel. A prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than five hundred books, pamphlets, and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural). He was also a pioneer of economic journalism.

Biography

[edit]Early life
Daniel Foe was probably born in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate, London. (Daniel later added the aristocratic sounding "De" to his name and on occasion claimed descent from the family of De Beau Faux.) Both the date and the place of his birth are uncertain with sources often giving dates of 1659 or 1661. His father, James Foe, though a member of the Butchers' Company, was a tallow chandler. In Daniel's early life he experienced first-hand some of the most unusual occurrences in English history: In 1664, when Defoe was probably about four years old, a Dutch fleet sailed up the River Thames and attacked London. In 1665 70,000 were killed by the plague. On top of all these catastrophes, the Great Fire of London (1666) hit Defoe's neighborhood hard, leaving only his and two other homes standing in the area.[2] All of this happened before Defoe was around seven years old, and by the age of about twelve, Defoe's mother had died.[3] Both of his parents were Presbyterian dissenters, and he was ecated in a Dissenting Academy at Stoke Newington run by Charles Morton (later vice-president of Harvard University).

Although Defoe was a Christian himself he decided not to become a dissenting minister, and entered the world of business as a general merchant, dealing at different times in hosiery, general woolen goods, and wine. Though his ambitions were great and he bought both a country estate and a ship (as well as civet cats to make perfume), he was rarely free of debt. In 1684 Defoe married a woman by the name of Mary Tuffley, receiving a dowry of £3,700. With his recurring debts, their marriage was most likely a difficult one. They had eight children, six of whom survived. In 1685, he joined the ill-fated Monmouth Rebellion, but gained a pardon by which he escaped the assizes of Judge George Jeffreys. In 1692, Defoe was arrested for payments of £700 (and his civets were seized), though his total debts may have amounted to £17,000. His laments were loud, and he always defended unfortunate debtors, but there is evidence that his financial dealings were not always honest.

Following his release, he probably traveled in Europe and Scotland, and it may have been at this time that he traded in wine to Cadiz, Porto, and Lisbon. By 1695 he was back in England, using the name "Defoe", and serving as a "commissioner of the glass ty", responsible for collecting the tax on bottles. In 1696, he was operating a tile and brick factory in Tilbury, Essex and thought to be living in nearby Chadwell St Mary.

⑵ 學生會中的「部長」這個職位用英語怎麼說

「部長」的英文：Minister

Minister 讀法 英 [ˈmɪnɪstə(r)] 美 [ˈmɪnɪstɚ卜攔]

n.部長;大臣;牧師;公使

vi.輔助，服侍;執行牧師職務

短語：

minister of ecation教育部長

minister of state國務大臣

commerce minister商業部長

home minister內政部長

assistant minister部長助理

minister counselor公使

例句：

Itimpinges oneveryonefrom theMinisterto thefarmer.

它影響著每一個人型空胡，從部長到農民。

(2)不信奉國教英語怎麼說及英文翻譯擴展閱讀

minister的用法：

1、minister的基本意虧物思是指政府各部門的首腦,即「部長,大臣」,也可指駐外使節中低於大使的「公使」,或泛指「駐外使節」。

2、minister還可指基督教的「牧師」,尤指長老會和某些不信奉國教的牧師。

3、minister, priest, vicar這三個詞都可表示「牧師」。其區別在於:基督教的牧師用minister; 而羅馬天主教的牧師用priest; 英國國教的牧師用vicar。例如:

（1）The minister begged the worshippers to strive against evil.

牧師要求信徒們與邪惡斗爭。

（2）The priest wore a coarse woollen garment next to his skin.

牧師最裡面穿了一件粗糙的毛衣。

（3）Marriage by a vicar is lawful in England without another ceremony.

在英國,由牧師證婚的婚姻即使沒有別的儀式也是合法的。