英語閱讀理解怎麼翻譯句子
If you believe the delay is e to sth other than weather or air traffic problems ,
如果您覺得延誤是由於天氣或空中交通問題之外的問題造成的，
then mention your suspicion and ask the airline agent to book you on the next available flight ,
那麼請提出您的疑問並要求您的航空代理幫您訂最早的下一班航班，
either on the same air -line or a competing one .
可以是同一家航空公司，也可以是同行航空公司（那家航空公司的競爭對手）。
If your flight is canceled ,then make a reservation on the next flight to your destination.
若您的航班被取消了，那麼請預訂下一班飛往您的目的地的航班。
Usually,air-line personnel will try to book everyone on their next flight out .
通常，航空公司的職員會嘗試安排所有人訂滿他們的下一班航班。
Often they will put you on a competitor's next flight only if you request it.
通常，若您要求訂同行航空公司的下一班航班，他們才會這么安排。
If on-time arrival is important to you ,when check flights through our reservation system you can rate your choices based on their on-time arrival records.
若准時達到對您來說十分重要，那麼您可以在通過我們的預訂系統查看航班時，根據准時達到紀錄來評定您的選擇。
All of a sudden they start looking for the short cuts .
突然，他們開始尋找捷徑。
People who manage to get over math anxiety have completely normal math ability.
那些成功克服數學焦慮症的人們完全擁有正常的數學能力。
In 1948 he accepted the newly created post of director of Architecture at..
1948 年他曾任...新設的總建築師一職。
got a degree for Architecture
獲得建築學位
㈡ 英語閱讀理解 大一 翻譯 ，
這是我第一次給別人翻譯 希望你幫上你
我是到每句話的句號那裡就給你翻譯的
This part is to test your reading ability，there are five tasks for you to fulfil.這個部分是要考你的閱讀能力，一共有5個項目要你完成。You should read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. 你要認真讀文章，然後回答所問的問題。
Task1 項目1
Many Chinese students who have already learnt English more than ten yeas are still unable to speak English properly and fluently when they encounter a foreigner.很多中國學生已經學英語有10多年了，但是當他們碰上一個外國人的時候還是不能說得很流利。They have been able to master the basic language structure and many other things grammatically, but a conversation in English will make them feel uneasy.他們可以支配語言的基本結構和其他很多語法的東西，但是一個英文的對話會讓他們感到不是很簡單。（就是說會讓他們感到有點困難）
They are afraid other people laugh at their mistakes or they think those to whom they are speaking might not understand them. 他們害怕其他人笑話他們的錯誤或是他們認為那些講英文的不明白他們在講什麼。It is not uncommon that many students,who are bad speakers of English,write beautiful and fiuent English.很普遍的是很多學生都說英語不是很好，但是可以寫出很流利，漂亮的英文（文章）。This prove perfectly that they do have the ability to organize their ideas in English.這充分的證明了他們能夠用英文安排他們的想法。 The problem is that they do not have enough practice and confidence.問題是他們沒有足夠的練習和自信。Maybe they are afraid of speaking English openly. 也許，他們害怕公開的說英語。
The best way out,as a result,would be a bit more confidnce and practice.最好的解決方法就是要有多一點的自信和練習。No one would laugh at you even though you make some mistakes for they understand English is a forign language to you.沒有人會笑話你就算你出了什麼錯，他們會理解英文對你來說是一門外語。Don'tcare too much about the small mistakes you may make in your conversation because you can correct them easily if you practice enough.不要太在乎你在交談中犯的小錯誤因為如果你有足夠的練習，你能很容易的改正他們。 But you do have to take great care to make people understand what you are trying to say.但是你得多注意能夠讓別人明白你想要說什麼。If you keep practiicing english all the time,you will surely find that talking with a native speaker is not at all diffcult.如果你能一直保持練習英文，你保證會知道跟一個說英文的人講話不是那麼難的事。
文章翻譯完了
下面是問題和答案的翻譯
1,The problem that most Chinese students have in learning English is that they are unable to __D__ .
1.這個大多數中國學生在學習英文中的問題是他們不能夠_D_.
A,master the basic structure(支配語言的基本結構)
B,write beautiful English (寫一篇漂亮的文章)
c,learn difficult grammar(學習較難的文法)
D,talk to a foreigner(跟一個外國人講話)
2,Many Chinese learners of English are weak at speaking because_C_.
2.很多中國學生學英語的時候再說的這方面很弱是因為_C_.
A,they haven't studied long enough (他們沒有學得夠久)
B,they can't organize ideas in English (他們不能很好的用英文安排想法)
C,they don't have enough confidence and practice(他們沒有足夠的自信和練習)
D,they don't feel like talking to an English speaker(他們不想跟一個講英文的人講話）
3,The best way to solve this prolem,according to this passage,is by___A___ .
3.最好的解決這個問題的方法，根據這篇文章來說是通過_A_.
A,practicing more(加強練習）
B,listening more（加強聽力）
C,learning more grammar（多學一些文法）
D,making more friends（多交一些朋友）
4,The passage implies that___B__ .
4.這個文章意味著_B_.
A,Chinese students usually fear to have a conversation with a foreigner (中國學生常常害怕和一個外國人交談)
B,foreigners are patient when a Chinese make mistakes in conversation (當一個中國人在交談中犯了錯誤,外國人很有耐性)!其實就是說外國人都能理解!
C,Chinese students should speak more to improve their spoken English (中國學生應該多說去提高他們說英文的能力)
D,foreigners are very good and polite listeners(外國人都非常好,是很有禮貌的傾聽者)
5,In practicing speaking,Chinese students should___C___ .
5.再練習說的部分,中國學生應該_C_.
A,pay no attention to the mistakes they make (不用管他們犯的錯)
B,take care of their mistakes and try to correct all of them (注意他們的錯誤然後試著去糾正他們)
C,focus more on making themselves understood (多注重讓他們自己明白)
D,care more about the sentence structure and grammar(多注意句子的結構和文法)
祝你考個好成績！
㈢ 幫忙翻譯一個英語閱讀理解
【純手工翻譯】一個一個字，敲的，歡迎追問，滿意記得採納喲，嘻嘻
Fifteen is such an awful(糟糕的)age, I should know. I really wish I were eighteen. If you are an alt, you can be your own boss. People like my parents and my teachers are always telling me what to do. You know what I mean. "It's time for bed, Sandy." Or "Sandy, you've watched too much TV for one night." "Sandy, stand up straight." "Sandy, you must improve your handwriting." Sandy this, Sandy that. No one tells alts when they go to bed or not to watch TV. Besides, alts get to wear what they like... Now it's going to be great to be an alt. Don't you agree?
15歲時一個如此糟糕的年齡，我應該知道。我真的希望我18歲。如果你是一個成年人，你可以為自己做主。像我的父母和老師那樣的人們總是在告訴我要做什麼。你知道我的意思是什麼。「桑迪，你該睡覺了。」或者「桑迪，你今天晚上看電視已經很長時間了。」「桑迪，站直了。」「桑迪，你必須改善你的書寫。」桑迪這個，桑迪那麼。沒有人告訴成年人他們什麼時候睡覺，或者告訴他們不要看電視了。此外，成年人可以穿他們喜歡的衣服。現在長大成人是一件很美好的事情。難道你不同意嗎？
I'm Sandy's mother. Having a fifteen-year-old daughter isn't always easy. Right now, we've got a problem. Our neighhour, Mrs White, wants Sandy to look after her pet dog for one week. Sandy really wants to do it, but I'm worried. She's too young and inexperienced. Well, I will never be able to relax knowing she is all alone with a dog. I've tried to explain my feelings to her, but she won't listen. She keeps telling me that the Whites live very near, so she can ask for help. She insists that Mrs White won't ask her to look after her pet dog if she doesn't think Sandy is old enough. She says I'm "babying" her and I hate to see her mad at me. What should I do?
我是桑迪的媽媽。有一個15歲的孩子不是一件容易的事情。現在我們就有一個問題。我們的鄰居懷特太太，想要桑迪照顧她家的寵物狗一個星期。桑迪真的想要照顧，但是我擔心。她太小了而且缺乏經驗。我無法放鬆自己去想像他一個人和一直狗的場景。我已經努力跟她解釋我的感受，但是她不聽。她一直都在告訴我懷特女士住的很近，所以她能夠向她尋求幫助。她堅持說懷特太太如果認為她年齡不夠的話，是不會讓她照顧她的寵物狗的。她說，我總是把她當小孩子，我討厭看到她對我發脾氣。我應該怎麼辦？
㈣ 高中英語閱讀理解中一個句子的翻譯
The company Terrafugia,based in Woburn,Massachusetts,says it plans to deliver its car-plane,the Transition,to customers by the end of 2011.
「It is the next『vehicle,』」said Terrafugia president Richard Gersh ."Anybody can buy a Ferrai,but as we say,Ferraris don not fly."
譯文：
美國TERRAFUGIA 公司，位於馬薩諸塞州的 沃本（美國馬薩諸塞州東部城市），聲稱公司計劃
在2011年底把其生產的一種能夠飛行的汽車「Transition」 （躍遷物）交付給顧客。
「Transition「 是下一種汽車，」TERRAFUGIA 公司的總裁理查德 格什(Richard Gersh)說，「
任何人都可以購買法拉利（世界上最聞名的賽車和運動跑車車的生產廠家， 總部在義大利的摩德納）
但是，正如我們所說的那樣，法拉利這種車不會飛。」
㈤ 求十篇初中英語閱讀理解（不少於一百字）帶翻譯，答案。
原文
Sam had a dog.Its name was Tod.It was very helpful,but it ate too much..So he didn't like it.He wanted to kill Tod. He tied Tod in a bag and put it in the small boat.He rowed the boat to the middle of a big river. Just as he threw the poor animal into the river,the boat began to sink. Both began Sam and Tod fell into the river.
Tod was able to swim,but Sam couldn't.The dog bit the rope and broke it. It tried its best to swim to save Sam. The man was saved,so he was very thankful to the dog .He didn't want to kill the dog any more .From then on, he gave the dog as much food as it wanted.
譯文
薩姆有一隻狗。他的名字叫Tod。它很有用，但是它食量很大。所以薩姆不喜歡他。薩姆想殺。薩姆把Tod綁在一個袋子里，把它帶上船。他把船劃到一條大河的中央。就在他把這可憐的動物扔下河的時候，船開始下沉，薩姆和Tod都掉進河裡面了。
Tod會游泳，但是薩姆不會。狗把繩子咬斷。它經過試驗這是游泳去救薩姆就好的方法。薩姆獲救了，所以薩姆很感激Tod。他一點也不想殺它了。從那以後，小狗想要多少糧食薩姆給多少。
原文
It is well known that man is much cleverer than any animal. But which is the cleverest among the animals? Some scientists think it should be Alex, an African gray parrot. He is unlike any other animal. He can really talk with people! When he says "come here" , he really wants someone to come up to him.
"Alex is as clever a child of 2 or 3 years old," says Dr. Pepperberg."He does not just repeat the sound he has been taught. He understands the words!" Alex can tell about 50 different things, name 7 colours and count from 1 to 6.
Is the parrot actually thinking in the way man does? Nobody can say.But the question is very interesting.
譯文
它是知名的人比所有動物聰明。 但在動物之中是最聰明的？ 有些科學家認為它應該是亞歷克斯，非洲灰色鸚鵡。 他是不同於其他動物。 他可以與人真正地談話! 當他說「來這里"時，他真正地要某人走近他。
"亞歷克斯是作為聰明孩子2或3年"，Pepperberg博士認為。"他僅不重覆他被教了的聲音。 他了解詞! "亞歷克斯能告訴大約50件不同事，命名7種顏色和計數從1到6。
鸚鵡實際上認為就像人的？ 沒人能說。但問題是非常有趣。
原文
Jack London was a famous American writer.His most famous book is The Call of the Wild. The story is about the adventure of a large dog in the frozen north.
Jack London was born on January12,1876，in the USA. His family was very poor and Jack had to leave to school to make money. He worked hard in many different jobs. Later Jack returned to school ,but he didn't stay long. He wrote,"Life and pocket book were too short.." In 1897,he went to Alaska to find gold. Instead he found ideas there for his storybooks. He went home and started to write. His writings were successful, and he became rich and famous in his twenties.
Jack London was not a happy man, however. He killed himself in 1916. At that time he was only 40 years old.
譯文
傑克・倫敦是一位著名美國作家。他的最著名的書是野性的呼喚。 故事是關於一條大狗在北極的冒險。
傑克・倫敦在1876年一月12號，在美國出生。他的家庭是非常貧寒，並且傑克不得不離開學校掙錢。 他在許多不同的工作中地艱苦工作。 最後傑克回到了學校，但他沒有長期停留。 1897年，他寫了"生活，是一本袖珍書並且太短"。 他去阿拉斯加挖金。反而那裡讓他為他的故事書發現了想法。 他回家了並且開始寫。 他的篇章是成功的，並且他變得富有和著名在他的二十左右。
然而傑克・倫敦並不是一個愉快的人。在1916年他自殺了。那時他只有40歲。
㈥ 考研英語閱讀，2008年，text2，第四句，makes heavy reading怎麼翻譯
makes heavy reading 動賓結構
出版商讀這篇報告時一定會內心沉重，所以很難讀下去，他們的這種讀法就是「heavy reading」，意思是報告讓他們心裡很難受。
㈦ 翻譯急求！英語閱讀理解
（意譯，非逐字逐句翻譯）
一個同齡夥伴是一個和你相同年紀的人。同齡夥伴僅僅回是和答你在一起，就能影響你的生活，不管你是否意識到。
同齡夥伴能對彼此產生好的影響。也許在你的科學課上有一個學生教你一種簡單的方法記住太陽系裡的各個星球。也許你對於一本喜歡的書感到興奮，然後每個人都在讀這本書。
然而，有時候一個同齡夥伴會以另一種方式影響其他人，比如，一個在校的孩子可能努力讓另一個孩子跟他一起逃課；你的足球夥伴可能勸說你孤立另外一個球員，不給她傳球，或者一個鄰居的孩子想讓你跟他一起到商店偷東西。
有些孩子屈服於同伴的勸說，因為他們想被別人喜歡，想融入他們，或者因為他們擔心如果他不和他們為伍，他們會取笑捉弄他。有些孩子會跟他們為伍是因為他們對於別人所做的事情好奇。「每個人都在做這件事情」這種想法會影響有些人而改變她/他自己的思想而忘記了他們本來的是非觀念——僅僅因為其他每個人都在做錯誤的事！任何年紀的人在同齡人的影響下都是這樣的。
從同齡人的壓力下走出來不容易，但是這是可以做到的。
㈧ 在英語閱讀中，有一些很長的句子，如有的有20多個單詞，我們應該如何翻譯或理解呢
從網上幫你找的，挺長的，不過感覺很全面，看看吧~~其中的例子挺多，可以自己試試，希望對你有幫助
英語長句子的翻譯
一、英語長句的分析
一般來說, 造成長句的原因有三方面: (1) 修飾語過多;(2) 並列成分多; (3) 語言結構層次多。在分析長句時可以採用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語, 從整體上把握句子的結構。
(2) 找出句中所有的謂語結構、非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句的引導詞。
(3) 分析從句和短語的功能, 例如, 是否為主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句等,若是狀語, 它是表示時間、原因、結果、還是表示條件等等)。
(4) 分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關系, 例如, 定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個等。
(5) 注意插入語等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定片語或固定搭配。
下面我們結合一些實例來進行分析:
例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
分析: (1) 該句的主語為behaviorists, 謂語為suggest, 賓語為一個從句, 因此整個句子為Behaviorist suggest that-clause 結構。
(2) 該句共有五個謂語結構, 它們的謂語動詞分別為suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 這五個謂語結構之間的關系為: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 結構為主句; who is raised in an environment為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為child; where there are many stimuli為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為stimuli; 在suggest的賓語從句中, 主語為child, 謂語為experience, 賓語為greater intellectual development.
在作了如上的分析之後, 我們就會對該句具有了一個較為透徹的理解, 然後根據我們上面所講述的各種翻譯方法, 就可以把該句翻譯成漢語為:
行為主義者認為, 如果兒童的成長環境里有許多刺激因素, 這些因素又有利於其適當反應能力的發展, 那麼, 兒童的智力就會發展到較高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考題)
分析: (1) 該句的骨幹結構為it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一個比較結構, 而且是在兩個不定式之間進行比較。
(2) 該句中共有三個謂語結構, 它們之間的關系為: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 為主體結構, 但it是形式主語, 真正的主語為第二個謂語結構: to sit comfortably at home, 並與第三個謂語結構to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比較。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作狀語, 表示條件。另外, 還有兩個介詞短語作插入語: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二個介詞短語作伴隨狀語, 修飾to sit comfortably at home.
綜合上述翻譯方法，這個句子我們可以翻譯為：
譬如, 對於一個四口之家來說, 舒舒服服地在家中看電視, 就能看到幾乎數不清的娛樂節目, 這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、長句的翻譯
英語習慣於用長的句子表達比較復雜的概念, 而漢語則不同,常常使用若干短句, 作層次分明的敘述。因此, 在進行英譯漢時, 要特別注意英語和漢語之間的差異, 將英語的長句分解, 翻譯成漢語的短句。在英語長句的翻譯過程中, 我們一般採取下列的方法。
(1) 順序法。當英語長句的內容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時, 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。例如:
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考題)
分析: 該句子由一個主句, 三個作伴隨狀語的現在分詞以及位於句首的時間狀語從句組成, 共有五層意思: A. 既使在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉時; B.電仍在為我們工作; C. 幫我們開動電冰箱; D. 加熱水; E. 或是室內空調機繼續運轉。上述五層意思的邏輯關系以及表達的順序與漢語完全一致, 因此, 我們可以通過順序法, 把該句翻譯成:
即使在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉時, 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內空調機繼續運轉。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their 「expectation of life」, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考題)
分析: 該句的骨幹結構為「It is realized that…」, it為形式主語, that引導著主語從句以及並列的it is even possible to …結構, 其中, 不定式作主語, the time …是「expectation of life」的同位語, 進一步解釋其含義, 而time後面的句子是它的定語從句。五個謂語結構, 表達了四個層次的意義: A. 可是現在人們意識到; B. 其中有些礦物質的蘊藏量是有限的; C. 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計出這些礦物質「可望存在多少年」; D. 將這些已知礦源和儲量將消耗殆盡的時間。根據同位語從句的翻譯方法, 把第四層意義的表達作適當的調整, 整個句子就翻譯為:
可是現在人們意識到, 其中有些礦物質的蘊藏量是有限的, 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計出這些礦物質「可望存在多少年」, 也就是說, 經過若干年後, 這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲量將消耗殆盡。
下面我們再列舉幾個實例:
例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique indivials and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世紀以前, 小說中的婦女像都是一個模式。她們沒有任何特點, 因而無法成為具有個性的人; 他們還要屈從於由男性主宰的文化傳統強加給他們的種種束縛。
例4. This method of using 「controls」 can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as 「Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?」 and 「Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?」
這種使用參照物的方法可以應用於許多種情況, 也能用來找到很不相同的各種問題的答案, 從「鐵生銹, 是否必須有一定的濕度才行?」到「哪種豆類一季的產量最高?」
例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.
我們對歷史的愛好起源於我們最初僅對一些歷史上的宏偉場面和激動人心的事件感到孩童般的興趣; 其後, 這種愛好變得成熟起來, 我們開始對歷史這出「戲劇」的多樣性和復雜性, 對歷史上的輝煌成就和悲壯失敗也感興趣; 對歷史的愛好, 最終以我們對人類生命的一種深沉的神秘感而告結束。 對死去的, 無論是偉大與平凡, 所有在這個地球上走過而已逝的人，都有能取得偉大奇跡或製造可怕事件的潛力。
例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
如果做父母的對這種青少年的反應有所准備, 而且認為這是一個顯示出孩子正在成長, 正在發展珍貴的觀察力和獨立的判斷力的標志, 他們就不會感到如此傷心, 所以也就不會因對此有憤恨和反對的情緒而把孩子推到對立面去。
(2) 逆序法。英語有些長句的表達次序與漢語表達習慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時必須從原文後面開始翻譯。例如:
例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
分析: 這個句子由一個主句, 兩個原因狀語和一個定語從句, 「鋁直到19世紀才被人發現」是主句, 也是全句的中心內容, 全句共有四個謂語結構, 共有五層意思: A. 鋁直到19世紀才被人發現; B. 由於在自然界找不到游離狀態的鋁; C. 由於它總是跟其他元素結合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧結合; E. 鋁跟氧有很強的親和力。按照漢語的表達習慣通常因在前, 果在後, 這樣, 我們可以逆著原文的順序把該句翻譯成:
鋁總是跟其他元素結合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結合; 因為鋁跟氧有很強的親和力, 由於這個原因, 在自然界找不到游離狀態的鋁。所以, 鋁直到19世紀才被人發現。
例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
分析: 該句由一個主句, 一個條件狀語從句和一個賓語從句組成, 「……變得越來越重要」是主句, 也是全句的中心內容, 全句共有三個謂語結構, 包含三層含義: A. ……變的越來越重要; B. 如果要使學生充分利用他們的機會; C. 得為他們提供大量更為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導。為了使譯文符合漢語的表達習慣, 我們也採用逆序法, 翻譯成:
因此, 如果要使學生充分利用他們(上大學)的機會, 就得為他們提供大量關於課程的更為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。
下面我們再舉幾個實例:
例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
一旦了解英語的基本結構和句型, 再往下學似乎就越來越難了, 這其中的原因, 也許教師比學生更容易理解。
例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
對於以往幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段, 而技術的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動, 因此首先體驗到技術進步之害的是窮人。
例5.A great number of graate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
50年代後期的美國出現了一個任何人都不可能視而不見的現象, 窮知識分子以「跨掉的一代」這種頗為浪漫的姿態出現而成為美國典型的窮人, 正是這個時候大批大學生被趕進了知識分子的貧民窟。
例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
許多人寧願犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領工人的社會地位, 這在西方倒是人之常情。
例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
假如沒有那些以昆蟲為食的動物保護我們, 昆蟲將吞噬我們所有的莊稼, 害死我們的牛羊家畜, 使我們不能生存於世。
(3)分句法。有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關系並不十分密切, 翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習慣, 把長句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時需要適當增加詞語。例如:
例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four.
上句在英語中是一個相對簡單的句子, 但是如果我們按照原文的句子結構死譯, 就可能被翻譯成:
沒有閱讀能力的美國青年人的數目令人難以相信約為1/4。
這樣, 就使得譯文極為不通順, 不符合漢語的表達習慣, 因此, 我們應該把它譯為:
大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直令人難以置信。
例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考題)
分析: 在此長句中, 有一個插入語「it is often said」, 三個並列的謂語結構, 還有一個定語從句, 這三個並列的謂語結構盡管在結構上同屬於同一個句子,但都有獨立的意義, 因此在翻譯時, 可以採用分句法, 按照漢語的習慣把整個句子分解成幾個獨立的分句, 結果為:
人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時事, 掌握科學和政治的最新動態。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節目。
下面我們再舉一個例子:
例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考題)
他們所必須做的只是按一下開關。開關一開, 就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇, 以及其他各種各樣的文藝節目。至於政治問題的辯論、最近的激動人心的足球賽更是不在話下。
例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
雖然在某處已經開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會發展成高度復雜、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的數目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個天然組成部分。
(4) 綜合法。上面我們講述了英語長句的逆序法、順序法和分句法, 事實上,在翻譯一個英語長句時, 並不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法, 而是要求我們把各種方法綜合使用, 這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現。尤其是在一些情況下, 一些英語長句單純採用上述任何一種方法都不方便, 這就需要我們的仔細分析, 或按照時間的先後, 或按照邏輯順序, 順逆結合, 主次分明地對全句進行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實的漢語句子。例如:
例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
分析: 該句共有三層含義: A: 人們不敢出門; B: 盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好准備以應付緊急情況; C: 警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無能為力。在這三層含義中, B表示讓步, C表示原因, 而A則表示結果, 按照漢語習慣順序, 我們作如下的安排:
盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好准備以應付緊急情況, 但人們不敢出門, 因為警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無能為力。
下面我們再舉幾個例子:
例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.
對於現代書籍, 特別是教科書來說, 要是作者希望自己書中的內容能與新概念、新觀察到的事實和新發現同步發展的話, 那麼就應該每隔較短的時間, 將書中的內容重新修改。
例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen's A Doll's House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的劇作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉離家出走, 因為她憎惡她的丈夫像對待孩子一樣來對待她。作家魯迅從中得到啟示, 從而告誡人們娜拉得需要錢來養活自己, 她要生存就必須有經濟上的權利。
例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.
到目前為止, 經歷了18和19兩個世紀, 這種新的傾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生產活動、商業往來、政府部門以及娛樂場所都集中在城市的中心地區。