鋼筋鑄鐵英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

⑴ 英文圖紙中iron一般翻譯成什麼材料

中文名稱：鐵英文名稱：iron定義：元素周期表中原子序數為26、第Ⅷ副族、原子量55.847的金屬元素，元素符號Fe。應用學科：材料科學技術（一級學科）；金屬材料（二級學科）；鋼鐵材料（二級學科）；鋼鐵材料基礎及組織和性能（二級學科）

⑵ 求熱處理術語的英文翻譯

indication 缺陷

test specimen 試樣

bar 棒材

stock 原料

billet 方鋼，鋼方坯

bloom 鋼坯,鋼錠

section 型材

steel ingot 鋼錠

blank 坯料，半成品

cast steel 鑄鋼

nolar cast iron 球墨鑄鐵

ctile cast iron 球墨鑄鐵

bronze 青銅

brass 黃銅

copper 合金

stainless steel不銹鋼

decarburization 脫碳

scale 氧化皮

anneal 退火

process anneal 進行退火

quenching 淬火

normalizing 正火

Charpy impact text 夏比沖擊試驗

fatigue 疲勞

tensile testing 拉伸試驗

solution 固溶處理

aging 時效處理

Vickers hardness維氏硬度

Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度

Brinell hardness 布氏硬度

hardness tester硬度計

descale 除污，除氧化皮等

ferrite 鐵素體

austenite 奧氏體

martensite馬氏體

cementite 滲碳體

iron carbide 滲碳體

solid solution 固溶體

sorbite 索氏體

nite 貝氏體

pearlite 珠光體

nolar fine pearlite/ troostite屈氏體

black oxide coating 發黑

grain 晶粒

chromium 鉻

cadmium 鎘

tungsten 鎢

molybdenum 鉬

manganese 錳

vanadium 釩

molybdenum 鉬

silicon 硅

sulfer/sulphur 硫

phosphor/ phosphorus 磷

nitrided 氮化的

case hardening 表面硬化，表面淬硬

air cooling 空冷

furnace cooling 爐冷

oil cooling 油冷

electrocladding /plating 電鍍

brittleness 脆性

strength 強度

rigidity 剛性,剛度

creep 蠕變

deflection 撓度

elongation 延伸率

yield strength 屈服強度

elastoplasticity 彈塑性

metallographic structure 金相組織

metallographic test 金相試驗

carbon content 含碳量

inction hardening 感應淬火

impedance matching 感應淬火

hardening and tempering 調質

crack 裂紋

shrinkage 縮孔，疏鬆

forging 鍛（件）

casting 鑄（件）

rolling 軋（件）

drawing 拉（件）

shot blasting 噴丸（處理）

grit blasting 噴鋼砂（處理）

sand blasting 噴砂（處理）

carburizing 滲碳

nitriding 滲氮

ageing/aging 時效

grain size 晶粒度

pore 氣孔

sonim 夾砂

cinder inclusion 夾渣lattice晶格

abrasion/abrasive/rub/wear/wearing resistance (property) 耐磨性

spectrum analysis光譜分析

heat/thermal treatment 熱處理

inclusion 夾雜物

segregation 偏析

picking 酸洗，酸浸

resial stress 殘余應力

remaining stress 殘余應力

relaxation of resial stress 消除殘余應力

stress relief 應力釋放

⑶ 求英語達人幫忙翻譯一篇機械類英語文章，急！謝謝

Gear Materials (Reading Material)
齒輪材料（閱讀材料）

Gears are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, both metallic as well as nonmetallic.
齒輪由多種種類的材料製造，包括金屬材料和非金屬材料。

As is the case with all materials used in design, the material chosen for a particular gear should be the cheapest available that will ensure satisfactory performance.
在設計中可以使用多種材料的情況下，對於特定齒輪，應當做到選用滿足使用要求下的最便宜的材料。

Before a choice is made, the designer must decide which of several criteria is most important to the problem at hand.
在作出選擇前，設計師必須決定在眾多設計准則中哪個是當前最重要的。

If high strength is the prime consideration, a steel should usually be chosen rather than cast iron.
如果高強度是第一要考慮的因素，通常就選擇鋼材而不選擇鑄鐵。

If wear resistance is the most important consideration, a can be made, for problems involving noise rection, nonmetallic. Materials perform better than metallic ones.
如果耐磨性是最重要的因素，可以選用非金屬材料要比金屬材料更好，同時也可以解決降低雜訊的問題。

However, as is true in most design problems, the final choice of a material is usually a compromise.
然而，在大部分實際設計問題中，對材料的最終決定往往是一個折衷的方案。

In other words, the material chosen will conform reasonably well to all the requirements mentioned previously, although it will not necessarily be the best in any one area.
換句話說，材料的選擇要考慮到合理的達到所有的預定要求，盡管這樣就不能在其中任何一方面達到最好。

To conclude this discussion we will consider the characteristics of various metallic and nonmetallic gear materials according to their general classifications.
為了總結這次討論，我們將按照通常的分類來考慮多種金屬和非金屬齒輪材料所具有的特性。

Cast Irons
鑄鐵

Cast iron is one of the most commonly used gear materials.
鑄鐵是最常用的齒輪材料之一。

Its low cost, ease of casting, good machinability, high wear resistance, and good noise abatement property make it a logical choice.
它具有低成本，鑄造性好，機械加工性能好，高耐磨性，以及高減噪性的特點，這些特點使鑄鐵成為一個合適的選擇對象。

The primary disadvantage of cast iron as a gear material is its low tensile strength, which makes the gear tooth weak in bending and necessitates rather large teeth.
鑄鐵主要的缺點是，作為一種齒輪材料，鑄鐵的抗拉強度很低，這使得輪齒的抗彎強度很弱而且不能造出很大的輪齒。

Another type of cast iron is nolar iron, which is made of cast iron to which a material such as magnesium or cerium has been added.
另一種類型的鑄鐵是球墨鑄鐵，是在普通鑄鐵中加入了鎂或者鈰製成的。

The result of this alloying is a material having a much higher tensile strength while retaining the good wear and machining characteristics of ordinary cast iron.
這種合金的特點是既具有高的抗拉強度，又保持了普通鑄鐵的高耐磨性和優秀的機械加工性能。

Very often the combination of cast iron gear and a steel pinion will give a well balanced design with regard to cost, strength, and wear.
通常，鑄鐵大齒輪和鋼制小齒輪的組合能夠在成本、強度和耐磨性之間達到較好的平衡。

問題補充：Steel gear are usually made of pain carbon steels or alloy steels.
鋼制齒輪通常由碳鋼或者合金鋼製造。

They have the advantage, over cast iron, of higher strength without une increase in cost.
它們具有比鑄鐵更高的強度，同時又沒有是成本過高的增加。

However, they usually require heat treatment to proce a surface hard enough to give satisfactory resistance to wear.
然而，它們通常需要經過熱處理，以生成表面的硬化層來達到足夠的耐磨性。

Unfortunately, the heat treatment process usually proces distortion of the gear, with the result that gear load is not uniformly distributed across the gear tooth face.
不幸的是，熱處理過程通常會使齒輪發生扭曲和形變，這樣齒輪上的載荷就不能均勻的分布到輪齒的表面。

Since alloy steels are subject to less distortion e to heat treatment than carbon steels, they are often chosen in preference to the carbon steels.
合金鋼具有變形量小的特點，因此比碳鋼更適合熱處理，它們通常比碳鋼使用的更多。

Although it is not the purpose here to discuss the various heat treatment methods and their effect on the properties of materials so treated, the designer should be aware of

possible problems arising from the use of heat treated materials.

盡管這里討論的目的不是熱處理的方法和這些方法在材料上產生的不同影響，設計師仍然應當認識到對不用熱處理材料的選擇可能帶來的各種問題。