英語導游詞作文開頭怎麼寫
On weekend, the students are having a good school trip. They are going to visit the seascape and going to have some activity. In the morning, the student are taking the bus go there. They are getting off the bus after. Many students are running for the sea and taking photos. They are many boys and girls wearing swim suit after go swimming on the sea. Then, thestudents are having a picnic and playing volleyball on the beach. They are very happy! Final, they are taking the bus back to school. 【翻譯】 周末里，學生們將有一個愉快的學校郊遊．他們打算去參觀海景並舉行一些活動. ． 早上，學生們正在坐公共汽車到達海邊．他們下車後,許多學生拿者照相機去海邊照相．有許多男孩和女孩穿上泳衣後到大海里游泳．到了中午，學生們在海灘上舉行了野餐，還有的在海灘上打排球．他們開心極了！最後，他們又乘公共汽車返回了學校．
康輝神遊假期
⑵ 英語作文西安導游詞
如果北京是大樹樹冠，那西安就是大樹的樹根。 西安是中國十三個王朝建都的帶旦地方， 有著非常悠久的歷史。接下來是我為大家整肢春理的關於 英語 作文 西安 導游詞 ，方便大家閱讀與鑒賞!
英語作文西安導游詞1
hello everyone! My surname is su. You can call me "little Su Su".
Welcome to Xi'an. It is an ancient civilized city with a long history. In ancient times, more than ten dynasties including Zhou, Qin, Sui and Tang established their capitals here. Its prosperity has been more than 1100 years. It can be said that Xi'an is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization.
There are 72 mausoleums of ancient emperors around Xi'an. There are more than 700 ancient buildings (big wild goose pagoda, small wild goose pagoda, terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang, bell tower, ancient city wall, etc.), as well as Famen Temple in Baoji, Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, Huaqing pool, etc. At the same time, it is also the shooting place of many large-scale TV and movies, such as the front-end hot spots of "that year the moon was full" and "White Deer Plain".
The beauty of Xi'an is more than that. I hope you can experience it yourself.
When it comes to Xi'an food, it's mouth watering. As a native of Shaanxi and a responsible tour guide, I'd like to introce you to the special food of Xi'an, Shaanxi. 1、 Mutton bubble bun, saw a bowl of thick and authentic mutton soup out, floating on a layer of transparent mutton oil. A basket of pancakes and a few sugar garlic become authentic Shaanxi flavor. 2、 Rougamo, in Xi'an, almost every staple food is made of wheat flour. Rougamo, a thick pancake, is cut into two halves evenly, and stewed pork is the most simple and delicious food. Oil noodles, thorn stem noodles, hollow noodles, Qishan whistle noodles, millet porridge all kinds of. Shaanxi people are looking for the true taste in simplicity.
Oh, let'蠢飢擾s all get off when we get to the wild geese. Please get off one by one in order. Don't be crowded. When you get off the bus, take the garbage bags with you. Don't litter. Pay attention to protecting the environment and be a civilized outsider with social morality. Thank you!
The beauty of Xi'an is endless. I hope you can enjoy it!
英語作文西安導游詞2
Dear tourists
There are hundreds of ancient city walls in China, among which the ancient city walls of Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an are the largest. However, the ancient city walls of Beijing and Nanjing have been demolished or seriously damaged. The ancient city wall of Xi'an, which was built in 1370 ad, is still intact. When Japan came to Xi'an for a visit to China, they did not look at the pit of the terracotta warriors, the "eighth wonder of the world", but boarded the west gate tower, which was built more than 600 years ago, to appreciate the majestic appearance of the ancient city wall. Now, please come with me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.
The origin of the city wall
Dear tourists, we have enjoyed the colorful and simple ancient city wall in the morning or sunset of the car shop these days. Now we come to the foot of the city wall, please walk on the wall tour.
You must want to know what the real meaning of the wall is. The word "city wall" was originally derived from the word "city". According to Shuowen, "Cheng" is the interchangeable word of "Sheng", and "Sheng" is to accept the people, so the original meaning of the word "Cheng" is to encircle the people and form a country, which leads to the meaning of city wall. The "city" of the Great Wall, known as the backbone of the Chinese nation, also means the city wall. But later, with the development of society, the word "city" contains the explanation of today's city.
The word "city" first appeared in the inscriptions of the Zhou Dynasty, which vividly reflected the military use of ancient city walls. The military function of the city wall is to protect the private ownership, and in ideology, the size of the city wall is the strict embodiment of the hierarchical patriarchal system. Obviously, the ruler built the city wall to protect himself and declare the national power. The Xi'an City Wall we see now is one of the most famous city wall buildings in Chinese history. It took eight years from the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370 A.D.) to the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378 A.D.). It was built on the basis of the imperial city of Sui and Tang Dynasties. After repair, it basically maintained the complete appearance of feudal city wall architecture, reflecting the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese city building technology.
Scale, structure and facilities of city wall
Dear tourists, how big is the Xi'an city wall? What is its structure? According to the calculation, the perimeter of Xi'an city wall is 11.9 kilometers, including 2590 meters of East city wall, 2631.2 meters of west city wall, 3441.6 meters of south city wall and 3241 meters of north city wall. Such a scale is rare at home and abroad.
You can see a small city with a guard gate outside the four gates of the city wall, which is called the urn city. The so-called urn means that once the enemy enters, he will be attacked from all sides on the wall of the urn, just like a turtle in the urn, unable to escape. Outsid
⑶ 英語作文北京故宮導游詞作文60
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am pleased to serve as your guide today.
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne. In 1987, the United Nations Ecational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term 「 eastern purple cloud is drifting」 became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color ring the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.
抱歉沒有結束語
⑷ 導游詞英文作文
導游語言藝術是一門綜合性藝術,恰當、巧妙地運用導游語言,可以使導游員的工作 錦上添花 ,使其導游講解充滿魅力。下面是我整理的導游詞英文作文，歡迎閱讀。
篇1：導游詞英文作文
Ladies and gentlemen, now let’s appreciate the great works of ancient Chinese. What we can see now is the first temple in the western hill---Qianxi Temple, which was built in the early Tang Dynasty. The word Qianxi means hidden stream in Chinese. During the construction of the temple, the workers found a hidden stream at the place of the cave, hence the name.
After seeing the Qianxi Temple, the cave in front us are the Bingyang Caves. The caves consist of the three large caves, the North, the Middle and the South Caves. They were all built under the imperial court of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The project was not finished in the Northern Wei Dynasty except the central one because of a palace rebelling. There are 11 big statues in the middle cave. Sakyamuni is of dignified and serene appearance, while his disciple and Bodhisattva are of slender figure and elegant look, which are the typical style of the late Northern Wei Dynasty. The floor is engraved with lotus patterns and on the rooftop is a relieve of flourishing lotus flower. The South Cave was completed in the late Sui Dynasty, and the North Cave in the early Tang Dynasty, each with a style of their own days.
In the West Hill of Longmen, there are several “the most” caves to feast your eyes. Just now, we visited the Ten-thousand Buddha Cave with 15000 Buddhist images, which has the most Buddha images, and the Lotus Cave with 2cm-high Buddha images, which are the tiniest Buddha images.
And now, we’ve come to another “most”, the Fengxian Temple, the symbol or the soul of the world-known great Longmen-grottoes, built in the Tang Dynasty, and it is the largest grotto in Longmen Temple with a width of 36 metres (about 118 feet) and a length of 41 metres (about 136 feet). There are nine major figures of various facial appearances and temperaments in the temple that were built in accordance with the Buddhist rite and their relationships by the artists. The most impressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross-legged on the eight-square lotus throne. It is 17.14 metres (about 56.23 feet) in total height with the head four metres (about 13 feet) in height and the ears 1.9 metres (about 6.2 feet) in length. Vairocana means illuminating all things in the sutra. The Buddha has a well-filled figure, a sacred and kindly expression and an elegant smile. At the sides of Vairocana there are two statues of Vairocana Buddha's disciples, Kasyapa and Ananda, (Heavenly King and Great Men of Strength) wearing prudent and devout expressions. The various appearances and delicate designs are the representations of Empire Tang's powerful material and spiritual strength as well as the high crystallization of people's wisdoms.
Ladies and gentlemen, here is the “Prescription Cave”, known as Yaofang Dong in Chinese, because 140 prescriptions were engraved at the doorway or inside the cave. It was started in the Northern Qi Dynasty and completed in the early Tang Dynasty with ration of 200 years. The prescriptions preserved in the cave boast the earliest of all the prescription carvings of ancient times.
Then we come to the Guyang Cave. It is the earliest cave in Longmen Grottoes. It has a history of over 1500 years, and was developed on the base of a natural cave.
There are three tiers of niches on the northern and southern wall of the cave, in which are hundreds of statues, and most of the statues are engraved with the names of the artists, the dates and the reasons for carving them. One thing we have to point out is that nineteen of the most famous Twenty Calligraphies are found in Guyang Cave. Twenty Calligraphies represent the steles of the Wei's style, which are the essentials of stele calligraphies in Longmen Grottoes.
Ok, Dear friends, the Longmen Grottoes trip is coming to the end. I want to thank all of you from the bottom of my heart. It is my hope that you’ve enjoyed the trip as much as I have. Thank you!
篇2：導游詞英文作文
Distinguished Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning!
On behalf of our travel agency to you a warm welcome! Welcome to the beautiful city of The Mountain Tai, the State Tourism and Cultural City of the Tai’an!
This is Mr., our driver, who has many years of driving experience, so you may rest assured but sitting well in his car. My Chinese name is #%￥, you can call me Miss *。 I come from The Unit Holiday Travel Agency. Then the next time, I come to you on service, so my job is to smooth your way, care for your welfare, try my best to answer your question, and be your guide.
My telephone number is ********, if you have any special interesting, please tell your tour leader or me, we will try our best to make your stay in Tai’an a pleasant one. We highly appreciate your understanding and co-operation.
Ok. Next time I must tell you that: the Mountain Tai is tall and steep, very steep in some places. So you must pay special attention to safety, to do “walk not viewing, viewing not walk”, especially advantageous location, but also to “simply walk down, not looking up view”.
Ok! Now, I want to chat about the Mountain Tai with you. The mountain Tai is located in the central of ShanDong Province, East of The Yellow Sea, West of The Yellow River. The mountain Tai, ancient DongYue, also know as DaiZong、DaiShan. Since ancient time, also know as“the Five Sacred Mountains Domination”. It formed 27 to 28 billon years ago, the total area of 426 square kilometers, 1545 meters sea level Peak Yuhuang Ding. With the surrounding low mountains and hills, its relative height over thirteen hundred meters, which is giving a pull to sky momentum. Based on the large and concentrated, giving a “rock solid” “heavy as Mountain Tai” natural feeling, so people warm to praise her.
For the climate, fertile land, they become a thriving ancient human heart and the birthplace of ancient culture. For thousands of years, they have been The East’s political, economic and cultural center.
According to legend, in ancient times, 72 emperors had come here to worship Heaven and Earth. Many writers also left inscriptions and steles here, and it gains the reputation as “a Natural Museum of a Art”
In China, many emperors including the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuang, the Emperor WuDi of Han Dynasty, Emperor XuanZong of Tang Dynasty, and Emperor KangXi、QianLong of Qing Dynasty and so on, held grand sacrificial ceremonies on its summit. It’s so-called “fengshan”. the “feng”, is built the round alter at the very top of the mountain to Heaven; the “shan”, is built the square alter under the mountains to Earth. If generation Emperor can high offer sacrifices to heaven and earth on the Mountain Tai, they will be to the world as peace and harmony symbol of peace and prosperity, the emperor himself seems to have become “the son of the Heaven”.
Therefore, the image of emperors became the spokesman for TaiShan, and left a lot of cultural relics in the number of mountains of the Mountain Domination Position.
Mt.Tai was also named the world cultural and heritage by United Nations Ecational, Scientific and Cultural Organization( UNESCO) in December 1987, with the ancient building complex comprising its main contents. In 2006, the ancient buildings on Mt. Tai successfully entered the list of the Sixth Batch of National Key Protection Units of Historical Relics approved by the State Council, China’s cabinet. The ancient buildings were constructed along a nine-kilometer winding path. The important parts of the buildings are the Guandi Temple, Queen Mother’s Pool, Red Gate Palace, South Heaven Gate, Three Officers Temple, and Temple of Universal Illumination.
Emperors over the course of two thousand years came to worship on Mountain Taishan. The Temple to the God of Mt. Taishan(daimiao), at the base of Mount Taishan and the Azure Cloud Temple(bixiaci) at its peak are the two best-known sites. The Azure Cloud Temple is the best-preserved ancient structure on Mountain Tai. The well-preserved state of the ancient building complex is attributed to the scientific and systematic protection and management by related authorities.
篇3：導游詞英文作文
Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning!
First, I welcome you on behalf of **** travel agents to come to the beautiful Lijiang . It’s my great honor to be your guide. Today I will take you to the ancient town of Lijiang.
As the saying goes: "Predestiny to meet each other" It is precisely this fate have brought us together, the next few days we will go hand in hand Wandering, under the sunshina, I believe we will be very happy with! Meanwhile, here are a people in Lijiang sent wishes for our to have a happy journey.
各位女士和先生們：
早上好，首先，我代表**旅行社歡迎你們來到美麗的麗江，我很榮幸成為你們的導游，今天我將帶領你們游覽麗江古鎮。有一個俗話：“有緣千里來相會”，這恰恰是命運讓我們聚齊在這里，在接下來的幾天時間里我們將一起在陽光下漫遊，游覽，我相信我們一定會玩的很開心，同時，麗江當地人也深深的祝福我們有一個愉快的旅程。
Then please allow me to do a self-introction, I ask panjing, we can ask me Pan Introction, small pan, or the small jing, OK! The next few days we eat, housing, transportation, travel, purchase, I arranged by the entertainment. As a tourist guides, for that service is the role I should, I will use my sincere in exchange for everyone happy. If you have any special interests, please do not hesitate to let us know, as long as it is reasonable and possible thing I will do my best efforts, I hope that we can service satisfaction.
接下來請允許我進行下自我介紹，我叫潘靜，你們可以叫我潘導，也可以叫我小潘或者小靜。好的!接下來的幾天我們的吃、住、交通、旅遊、購物、都已經在旅行社的詳細安排下了。作為一個全陪，在這種服務中我應該擔起主要任務，我將會用我的真誠去交換每個旅客的開心。如果你有任何特殊要求，請毫不猶豫的向我們提出，只要要求是合理並且可行的，我將竭盡我所能。我希望我們可以服務飛周到，讓你們滿意。
We will get there in a few minutes. So now I will give you a brief introction to Lijiang. It is located in Lijing Prefecture in the Northwest of Yunnan province. The population of Lijiang Prefecture is over 1 million involving 21 nationalities, for example, the Naxi, Yi, Lisu, Pumi,etc. And later you will see the houses of Naxi people in the ancient town.
還有幾分鍾我們才能到麗江。所以現在我會給你一個麗江簡介。它位於利津縣在雲南省西北部。麗江的人口超過1000000，涉及21個民族自治州，例如，納西族，彝族，傈僳族，普米，等以後你會看到房子的納西族人民在古鎮。
Lijiang Prefecture is the major tourist area of Yunnan Province. It contains beautiful natural resources, unique minority amorous feelings, age-old minority cultures, and rich tourist resources. The scenic spots are mainly scattered in Lijiang County and Ninglang County. We can conclude them into:” two mountains, one town, one lake, one river, one culture and one folk custom.”. Two mountains refer to Yulong Snow Mountains and Laojun Mountains, one town is Dayan Town, one lake refers to Lugu lake, one river is Jinsha river, one culture is Dongba Culture and one folk custom refers to the Moso people’s custom, which we call the “Aixa”. What does that mean? I will leave it to you to discover. So you see Lijiang, with its rich resources in plants and animals, the natural beauties and the amazing minority folk customs, attracting more and more tourists from home and abroad.
麗江縣是雲南省主要旅遊區。它包含了美麗的自然資源，獨特的少數民族風情，古老的民族文化，和豐富的旅遊資源。景區主要分布在麗江縣和寧蒗縣。我們可以得出結論為：“山，一個鎮，一湖，一條河，一種文化和民俗。”兩山指玉龍雪山和老君山，一個城鎮大研鎮，一湖指的是瀘沽湖，一個是金沙江，一個文化東巴文化和民俗是摩梭人的習俗，我們稱之為“aixa”。那是什麼意思?我會讓你發現。所以你看麗江，以其資源豐富的植物和動物，自然美景與神奇的少數民族風情，吸引著越來越多的海內外遊客。
Soon we will get the the Ancient town of Lijiang, it has a history of almost a thousand years. The scenes are unique and unconventional. It is one of the best historical, cultural cities at the state level in China. It consists of three parts: Dayan、Baisha、Shuhe. So why is it called Dayan? Because it is in the middle of Lijiang basin, and the Lijiang basin looks like a big inkstone, and in Chinese the pronunciation of that is “yan”.
不久，我們將把麗江古鎮，有近一千年的歷史。該場景是獨特的和非常規的。這是一個最好的歷史文化名城，在國家一級在中國。它由三部分組成：大雁、白沙、束河。那麼它為什麼叫大研?因為這是在中東的麗江盆地和麗江盆地，看起來像一個大硯，並在中文的發音是“燕”。
What’s more,it is also a unique city throughout China.Have you heard about it? Yeah,it is a city which has no walls.It expresses the open-minded character of Naxi people.
更重要的是，它也是一個獨特的城市在中國。你聽說了嗎?是的，這是一個沒有圍牆的城市。它表達了納西族豁達的性格。
Ok, everyone, this is the entrance of the Dayan town. Maybe you have already notice the couple of the water wheels over there.Do you know the function of it ? It is used to transport water and to make use of hydropower to grind grains and crops.Besides it is the Chinese Characters written by Jiang Zeming. And there is an eye-catching pillar, we call it “Dragon Post”, which means the water dragon and indicates the wish to avoid the fire in the town.
好了，大家，這是大研鎮的入口。也許你已經注意到一些水在那裡。你知道它的功能?它是用於輸送水和利用水電磨粒和作物。除了是漢字是由江澤民題字的。有一個醒目的支柱，我們稱它為“龍”，即龍水，表示希望避免火災的鎮。
Let’s get inside and have a look. The Dayan town is famous in China for its old and si-mp-le architectural style and the elegant art for the lay-out of the town. In the town the Yuquan River winds in many streams acrothe town and past all the houses. The roads here are parallel to the streams, and the door of each house is facing a stream. Whatever street and whatever lane you go in ,there is a small stream with small bridges acroit here and there. As a saying indicates : A house beside a stream with a small briage acroit makes a wonderful scene which you can only find here.” That’s why we regard Dayan town to be the “Oriental Venice”.
讓我們進去看看。在大研鎮是中國著名的古老和簡單建築風格和高雅藝術的布局鎮。在鎮玉泉河蜿蜒在許多河流環繞鎮和過去所有的房子。這里的路平行的溪流，和門的房子面對流。不管街和你走在哪條小道，有一條小溪小橋連接在這里和那裡。有一句話表明：一所房子旁流與小大橋構成使美好的場景，你可以在這里找到。”這就是為什麼我們把大研鎮為“東方威尼斯”。
Ok. Everyone take a listen ,Where we can freely, take photos, view scenery, after an hour here set.
大家注意一下，大家可以在這里自由活動下，拍拍照片，觀賞下景色，一個小時之後在這里集合。
At the time, everyone is here,?this afternoon tour so far is over, tomorrow I will continue to lead you to visit the mysterious ancient town in Lijiang. More exciting in the back. 時間到了，大家都在這里吧，今天下午的游覽活動至此就結束了，明天我將繼續帶領你們參觀神秘的麗江古鎮。更多精彩在後面。
篇4：導游詞英文作文
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to Guangdong Province. I am Summer. And I am more than glad to be your guide. Guangdong Province, also called Yue for short, has a long history and is known for the saying,“Don’t hesitate to have meals here.” Located by the South sea in the southeastern part of main-land China, it has quite a few island off its coastline, which was a total length of 3,368 kilometres. Known as a fruit kingdom, Guangdong Porvince is famous for its high-quality bananas, sugar cane, lychees and pineapples. It is also one of the most developed instrial province in South China, which convenient transportation both on land and water. It has several special economic zones such as Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and so on.
⑸ 英語導游詞作文
英語導游詞作文
一篇完整的`導游詞，其結構一般包括習慣用語、概括介紹、重點講解三個部分。那大家會用英語寫一份導游詞嗎？下面是我為大家整理的英語導游詞作文，供大家參考。
英語導游詞作文
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China』s history.
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China』s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China』s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty』s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China』s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history「the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.」
Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
Emperor Qin Shihuang』s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang』s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.
No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang』s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can』t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty』s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang』s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang』s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.
No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years』 careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
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