日本的飲茶俗用英語怎麼介紹
① 用英語介紹日本文化風俗
Kyoto, Tokyo, Imperial Palace and Park Sunpu History: Japan's ancient capital of Kyoto, similar to China's Xi'an, the historical and cultural heritage more, retained a large number of temples, shrines and other religious facilities, have relatively famous Kiyomizu-dera, high-Tak Temple, etc. now as a tourist resource development and utilization of well. In the history of Japan is a relatively backward country, to the 18th century, entered the era of the Meiji Restoration, Japan a radical reform, the backward direction by the powerful, the capital moved to Tokyo from Kyoto, the Emperor's palace is now located in downtown Tokyo, the Second re-bridge, and has been retained to the present. Now the Royal Palace in the capital of Japan before the screen times the strength of families to send characters - General Tokugawa Ieyasu palaces, after Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital from Tokyo to move to the city center is now the largest park in Shizuoka - Sunpu Park location, and later and now developed into the general scope of Shizuoka Prefecture.
Historical and cultural heritage: a lot of Japanese people are very ancient temples of worship, belief in the gods, such as spiritual support, and has a special memorial day to worship, they promised desire to pray the gods bless, let the freedom of religious belief.
譯文:京都、東京皇宮及駿府公園的歷史:京都為日本的古都,類似我國的西安,歷史文化遺產比較多,保留了眾多的寺廟、神社等宗教設施,比較有名的有清水寺、高德寺等,現在作為旅遊資源得到很好的開發利用。歷史上的日本是比較落後的國家,到了18世紀,進入明治維新時代,日本進行大刀闊斧的改革,才由落後走向強大,首都也從京都遷往東京,天皇的皇宮就是現在位於東京市中心的二重橋,並一直保留到現在。現在的皇宮在遷都前是日本幕戶時代的實力派人物——德川家康將軍的宮殿,遷都後德川家康從東京遷往現在靜岡市中心最大的公園——駿府公園所在地,後來及發展成為現在的靜岡縣的大致范圍。
歷史文化遺產:很多日本人十分崇拜古老的寺廟,信奉神靈等精神寄託,有專門的朝拜祭日,他們許下心願,祈求神靈保佑,宗教信仰自由吧。
你還可以介紹一下他的文化生活。。日本的社會福利事業比較好。。
還可以介紹工作態度:總體印象是日本的工作人員相當敬業,工作態度十分認真,國家公務員都非常注重自己的形象。。
還有飲食文化——踏踏米和餐:日本的傳統和餐實行的是分餐制的。
O(∩_∩)O~。。我知道的就這些了。。
② 用英語介紹日本飲食文化的文章,是高手就進
中英文對照的,樓主覺得長可選一段,滿意記得給個小旗哦```
Korea(韓國):
Main Korea Republic food and drink characteristic: High protein , much vegetable , happy event delicate , abstain from greasy food, sense of taste is burned with the cold give first place to. Korean regards rice as staple food down the ages. Cooked food gives first place to stewing to cook and to roast system , is not used for a hot dish mainly. Korean likes to eat noodles , beef , chicken and dog's meat , does not like to eat steamed bread , mutton and ck meat.
韓國飲食的主要特點:高蛋白、多蔬菜、喜清淡、忌油膩,味覺以涼辣為主。韓國人自古以來把米飯當做主食。菜餚以燉煮和烤制為主,基本上不做炒菜。韓國人喜歡吃面條、牛肉、雞肉和狗肉,不喜歡吃饅頭、羊肉和鴨肉。
Japan(日本)
Cooking culture introces Japan
Mention food and drink , be that food , vegetable , fish and flesh are that Japanesque non-staple food meal burns, and the Western Europe Chinese meal popularizes also very much like not only give first place to rice, before Japan can sample to rich various meal food. Japan is a very rich countries of high grade water resource , hygiene facilities improves and perfects also very much , drinks therefore running water is in any Japanese place being able to. Modern Japan culture is furthermore colorful. Girls are in the culture studying time-honoured Japan tradition, if sado , the ikebana simultaneous, also jump disco. The scene bordering but building the browse downtown area , antiquited temple and tower is not strange. Therefore modern Japan culture is antiquited have been tied in wedlock.
日本飲食文化介紹
說到飲食,不僅是以大米為主食、蔬菜、魚與肉為副食的日本式餐點,而且西歐中國餐點一般也很普及,在日本可以品嘗到豐富多樣的餐食。日本是一個優質水資源非常豐富的國家,衛生設施也很完善,所以自來水在日本的任何地方都可以飲用。現代的日本文化更是多彩多姿。女孩子們在學習自古以來的日本傳統文化,如茶道、花道的同時,也跳迪斯科。觀覽市區、古老寺院和高層建築相鄰而建的情景並不稀奇。故而現代的日本文化是結合了古老的、新興的、西洋的和東洋的文化而形成。
That Japanese loves the birthday department who raw fish is used for food , is covering up with sashimi as a result commonly is the most popular Japan in the homeland food. The Japanese cuisine is particular about the plain taste keeping food very much , does not encourage have added a condiment, use delicate give first place to. The color to cooked food has the very good request especially face to face, not only using all kinds of form , arrangement , colour collocation that the very delicate vessel does load food, to food to have very exquisite thinking also. Be taking a look on that is so meticulous that the day style being just like landscape painting-like takes care of , sometimes cannot bear to destroy that share for the first time to Japanese visitor beautiful.
日本人普遍愛食用生魚,因而蓋著生魚片的壽司是日本國內最流行的食物。
日本料理非常講究保持食物的原味,不提倡加入過多調料,以清淡為主。對菜餚的色面尤其有著很高的要求,不但使用各式各樣非常精緻的盛器來裝食物,對食物的形狀、排列、顏色搭配也都有很細膩的考慮。看著那一道道精細得有如風景畫一般的日式料理,初到日本的遊客往往不忍破壞那份美麗。
③ 用英語介紹日本的風景名勝和日本料理...
日本「聖岳」——富士山
Fuji stands tall in the central and southern Honshu (Fujisan) is the highest mountain in Japan, with an elevation of 3,776 meters peaks in the clouds, the mountains or snow snow.
Mt by the Japanese people as "sacred mountain" is the symbol of the Japanese nation. It is about 80 kilometers west of Tokyo, Shizuoka across, Yamanashi counties, with an area of 90.76 square kilometers. And roughly conical shape the entire mountain with their source, the fan is like a vacant savings, the Japanese poet has used the "overhang East Yushan days", "Fuji snow reflects the sun," a poem praising it. Mt surrounded Jianfeng, white mountains and long sushi Yue, Dainichigatake, Izu-yueh, achievements Yue, Mitake Komagatake and other "Fuji 8 summit."
Mount Fuji is a dormant volcano. Rumor is formed by earthquakes in 2500 286 years. Since the year 1781, there are written records, a total of 18 meetings eruption, the last time in 1707, and later became dormant volcanoes. Due to the mouth of the volcano's eruption, in the foothills of Mount Fuji to create the numerous mountain caves there are still some jet phenomenon. Wind Cave Tomioka beautiful full unity on the wall like icicle stalactites to be found, all year round, as a rare spectacle. Peak size of a volcanic fire Pass, about 800 meters in diameter and 200 meters deep. The weather was fine, in the Peak watching the sunrise and watch clouds Japanese tourists to the rest of the world is indispensable to visit projects.
Mt Fuji is the northern foothills and lakes. From east to west of the mountain lakes, sights, the West Lake, it is necessary to lakes and the amphibious Lake. Yamanaka-ko largest area of 6.75 square kilometers. Lake has many sports facilities, tennis and water-skiing, fishing, camping and other human-powered boats. Nomura patient southeast of the lake, Chung Chi, mirror pool eight ponds, collectively known as "forbearance eight wild sea," Yamanaka-ko and the same. Kawaguchi is the first development of the five lakes, the traffic is here to facilitate tourism, the center has become lakes. Pelican island in the middle of the lake, the lake is only five islands. An island with a special blessing pregnant proction shrine. There are over 1,260 meters across the lake in the Lake Bridge. Kawaguchi, as reflected by the reflection of Mount Fuji, known as the Mt wonders of the world.
West Lake, also known as the west, is the most quiet of a lake, the five lakes. Reportedly, Xihu Lake was connected with the launch, which is divided into two after the eruption of Mt lake, but both are still linked to the lakebed. Taiwan shore Hongye, Aoki original tree sea ice Nakisawa points and feet Wadayama and other scenic areas. Fujitsu sophistication Lake is the smallest among the five lakes lake, but its most unique style, the banks have many tall cliffs and the terrain complicated. Resting most of the water, the depths of 126 meters. Lake ice all year round, is dark blue, the look is so unpredictable and ever-mysterious.
Mount Fuji is a substantial body of water in the highlands of the south, green grass and pastures for cattle and sheep flocks of tourists. Hill south of the West famous waterfall between the white and sounded only waterfalls. The 26-meter gap between white waterfall, a dozen of the small streams into rock faces, like countless Bailian defense heavens, forming a 130-meter wide of the rain, which is quite spectacular. Sounded just like a waterfall shock wave from height columns, as thunderous sound, the vibrations of the initiative. Mt say it is a natural botanical garden, as many as 2,000 species of plants of the mountains.
Susono in Shizuoka Prefecture city of Fuji foothills, either included Fuji safari park, with an area of 740,000 square meters, with 40 1,000 multi-feed wild animals, the Lions reached only 30 multiple. Visitors can drive a car, watch the restocking of animals in the park.
In addition, the area also have illusions travel Fuji Museum, the Museum of insects, and natural sciences department, and the fantasy of the museum, Fuji Museum, the Science Museum large, gardens and bird park, a pet monkeys parks and sports and entertainment venues and so on.
Temple is located at the top of the long sushi shrine -- and Asama shrine Fuji Hakone Izu National Park, the main scenic spots, as well as regular visitors to the land. Peak to the shrine every summer thousands of tourists both domestic and foreign tourists.
日本東京迪斯尼樂園介紹
The first amusement park in Asia, Tokyo Disneyland is the world's largest existing five blocks of a Disney park. Five consecutive years from 1994 to 1999 the number of visitors more than Disneyland in the United States.
There are two main reasons : its successful experience First, "everything is dynamic." Tokyo Disneyland theme park : Victoria Dynasty five times the world market style streetscape, a sense of adventure and legendary adventure theme park and the development of the West's Western Paradise, dreams and fairy tale dream land, the future, science parks and the future of the universe. A total of five major theme park 35 brilliant performances, is the common feature of all the activities are, the game. Strange, new and thrilling, intense scenes and figures tourists will forget reality into another world. So that it will become possible, the Japanese developed their own "electronic sound devices action." In such a device driven, in 2000 the total number of park over the figures and animals each room, reaching into alts to the extent that they are as people.
Second, "do not always build the Disney theme park." From opening to now, Tokyo Disneyland constantly added to the introction of a new playground equipment and services and the way to attract tourists and visitors come off the business strategy afresh. The Paradise original investment of 1,500 billion yen (about one billion U.S. dollars). 18 years, the theme park to build a super audio equipment and 35 playgrounds they have invested 120 billion yen. It is understood that within the next five years to build new projects, the Paradise prepared to invest 65 billion yen. This will enable visitors are always new fun and a new experience, the Disney theme park is maintained so great charm.
名古屋城堡
Nagoya is a symbol of Nagoya Castle, Nagoya, the first tourists arrived at the station. Castle was built in 1612, it was a piece of the park buildings around a small teahouse, a traditional Japanese garden. Castle is the most prominent feature of the two decorated eaves golden dolphins. Castle was damaged ring the Second World War, the 1959 renewal. Now, it is the art museum. More than 2,000 strains of brook spring blooming trees and verdant. Then the Nagoya Castle is the most beautiful.
壽司 Sushi
普茶 Putin tea
卓袱 Zhuo burden
三文魚 Salmon
生魚片 Sashimi
④ 日本茶道 英語
日本茶道精神——茶與禪
日本的茶道文化的形成和發展不象中國茶文化那樣主要受儒道佛三位一體的中國文化綜合影響。日本的茶文化是由中國傳入的。在7世紀之前,日本人沒有喝茶記錄。而在這一文化傳入過程中起主要作用的是佛教的僧侶們。他們去中國學習佛教,同時將寺院的生活文化也帶了回來。其中之一便是飲茶與茶禮。由此,日本茶文化自開初就與佛教結下了不解之緣。在飲茶習俗傳入日本的初期,飲茶活動是以寺院、僧侶為中心展開的。據史料記載,公元805年日本傳教大師最澄從中國帶回茶籽,栽種在比睿山麓,形成了日本最古的「日本茶園」。從那以後,弘法大師空海於806年把從中國帶回來的茶獻給了嵯峨天皇,他還從中國帶回了茶碾、茶籽。至815年4月,嵯峨天皇幸游近江時,在唐代生活了長達30年之久的高僧都永忠親自煎茶獻給天皇,嵯峨天皇對此大為欣賞,由此命令近江等地修建茶園。至榮西為止,茶與禪宗的關系可以說是以禪為主,以茶為輔。茶為坐禪修行時的飲料、禪案的素材、行道之資、救國之助等等。這些都只能說明茶與禪宗生活的密切關系,仍不能證明兩者之間的法嗣關系。
茶道的集大成者是千利休。利休在茶道聖典《南方錄》中說:茶道的技法以檯子技法為中心,其諸事的規則、法度有千上萬種,茶道界的先人們在學習茶道時,主要是熟記、掌握這些規則。並且將此作為學習茶道的目的。
由此可見,日本的茶道藝術的思想背景為佛教,其思想的核心是禪。它是以禪的宗教內容為主體,以使人達到大徹大悟為目的而進行的一種新型宗教形式。
在日本文化中,禪文化佔有很大比重,這是日本文化中最有代表性、有特色的文化現象。禪的思想及禪宗的形式影響到日本文化的大部分角落,如建築、園林、音樂、茶道、書畫、武術等。
在日本,歷代大茶人都要去禪寺修行數年,從禪寺獲得法名,並終生受禪師的指導,但在他們獲得法名之後並不留在禪寺,而是返回茶室過著茶人生活。茶人的生活近似常人的生活,近似藝術家的生活。所以說,茶人雖通過禪宗學習到了禪,與禪宗持有法嗣關系,但茶道有其獨立性,是獨立存在於禪寺之外的一種「在家禪」。如果把禪寺里的宗教活動叫做「寺院禪」的話,那麼茶道與禪宗就是一組平行並行的關系。
久松真一說:「茶道的第一目的為修煉身心,其修煉身心是茶道文化形成的胎盤。無相的了悟為一種現象顯示出來的才是茶道文化。茶道文化真是一種內容豐富的文化形式,自己開始研究茶道以後感到驚訝的是,其文化形式有著強烈的獨特性,即它是一種由無相的了悟,無相的自己表現出來的形式。未滲透著無相自己的茶道是不存在的,反過來說,茶道中必須滲透著無相的自己。即茶道文化是無相的自己的外在表現。茶道又是一種根源性文化,它修煉人的身心,創造無相的人、了悟的人,即創造文化的創造者。所以說,茶道是創造文化創造者的文化。這些創造者創造的文化反過來又創造文化創造者。茶道是這樣一種修煉人的天地,是這樣的一個文化創造的領域。在此意義上來說,茶道是無相自己的形成及無相自己表現的場所。」如上所述,真正意義上的日本茶道的形成,是以珠光為開山,邵鷗為先導,千利休為集大成者而完成的。
在日本,最純正的茶道被稱之為「草庵茶」。草庵茶的茶道是對高貴、財富、權利的徹底批判,以及對低賤、貧窮的新的價值發現與價值創造。
至今,茶道已成為日本人最喜愛的文化形式,也是最常舉行的文化活動。喜愛茶道的人比比皆是。為追求茶道而終身不嫁的女子,為追求茶道而辭去公職的男人屢見不鮮。現在,茶道被認為日本文化的結晶,日本文化的代表。
學術界對日本茶道精神的解釋主要使用三個概念:(一)和敬清寂;(二)一期一會;(三)獨坐觀念。這些概念與禪的思想是相聯系的。
「和敬清寂」被稱為茶道的四諦、四規、四則。是日本茶道思想中最重要的理念。茶道思想的主旨為:主體的「無」,即主體的絕對否定。而這個茶道的主旨是無形的。作為「無」的化身而出現的有形的理念便是和、敬、清、寂。它們是「無」派生出的四種現象。由這四個抽象的事物又分別產生了日本茶道藝術成千上萬種形式,如茶室建築、點茶、道具、茶點心等。
「一期一會」一詞出自江戶末期最大的茶人井伊弼所著茶論《茶湯一會集》。井伊說:追其本源,茶事之會,為一期一會,即使同主、同客可反復多次舉行茶事,也不能再現此時此刻之事。每次茶事之會,實為我一生一度之會。由此,主人要千方百計,盡深情實意,不能有半點疏忽。客人也須以此世再不能相逢之情赴會,熱心領受主人的每一個細小的匠心,以誠相交。
「獨坐觀念」一語也出自井伊弼的《茶湯一會集》。面對茶壺一隻,獨坐茶室,回味此日茶事,靜思此時此日再不會重演,此刻茶人的心裡不禁泛起一陣茫然之情,又用起一股充實感。茶人此時的心境可稱為「主體的無」。
由此可見,茶道是一場靜心清魂的佛事。茶人不愧為在家的僧人。茶室可比作寺院的佛堂。所以,日本茶道思想是茶與禪的融會貫通。茶中有禪理,禪理又在品茶中深刻體會到。
Japan spirit of the tea ceremony - Tea and Zen
Japan's tea ceremony and cultural formation and development of Chinese tea culture is not as mainly as Confucianism and Buddhism by one of the combined effects of Chinese culture.Japan's tea culture is imported from China.In the 7th century, before the Japanese did not drink tea records.In the introction to this culture play a major role in the process of the Buddhist monks. They go to China to study Buddhism, the monastery at the same time the cultural life also brought back. One of these is the tea ceremony and tea. As a result, Japanese tea culture to open since the beginning of the Buddhist and forged a bond. Japan imported tea customs in the early days of tea on the activities of monasteries, monks began as the center. According to historical records, in 805 AD Saicho master of the Missionaries of Japan from China back to the tea seed, planted in the foothills of Hiei, Japan's most ancient form of "Japanese Tea Garden." Since then, the master of preaching in 806 years, sea and air from China brought back tea dedicated to the Emperor Saga, he brought back from China, grind the tea, tea seed. To 815 years in April, the Emperor Saga Fortunately, in recent Jiang Yu, Tang Dynasty in the life of a 30-year-old monk had Yongzhong Jianchaling personally dedicated to the emperor, Emperor Saga greatly appreciate this, which commands close to Jiang and other places to build tea .To the West Wing, the relationship between tea and Zen meditation can be regarded as mainly as a supplement to tea. Buddhist meditation time for tea drinks, Zen case material, the capital of the street, and so on to help save the nation's.All this can only tea and the close relationship between Zen life, still can not prove that the relationship between the two Fasi.
The tea ceremony is a combination of different opinions Sen no Rikyu.Rikyu tea ceremony in St. Code "was recorded in the South," said: Tea techniques to the table as the central techniques, which rules everything, Fa there are millions of species of tea instry in the first people to learn the tea ceremony, mainly memorize and master These rules. And this study as a tea ceremony.
This shows that the Japanese art of tea ceremony for the ideological background of Buddhism, his thinking is the core of Zen. It is based on Buddhist religious content as the main body in order to achieve Taichedawu is carried out for the purpose of a new form of religion.
In Japanese culture, Buddhist culture, a large proportion of this is Japanese culture in the most representative and distinctive cultural phenomenon. Zen Zen and the idea of the impact on Japanese culture in the form of most of the corners, such as architecture, landscape, music, tea ceremony, calligraphy, martial arts, and so on.
In Japan, major history of tea cultivation have to go to the temple for several years, the temple was from Farmington, and guidance for life by a Zen master, but they do not stay in Farmington after the temple, but to return to living a teahouse Tea life. Tea of life similar to the lives of ordinary people, similar to the artist's life. So, although the tea through Zen meditation to learn, and to hold Zen Fasi, but its independence of the tea ceremony is an independent existence outside the temple in a kind of "Zen at home." If the temple's religious activities called "Zen Temple", then the tea ceremony and Zen is a set of parallel parallel.
Shinichi Jiusong said: "The purpose of the tea ceremony of the first practice for the physical and mental, physical and mental practice their culture, tea ceremony is the formation of the placenta. Liao Wu-free phase of a phenomenon is demonstrated by the tea ceremony culture. Tea culture is a rich culture in the form of He started to look after the tea ceremony was surprised that his form has a strong cultural uniqueness, that is, it is a phase of the Liao Wu-free, with no performance out of their own in the form. Infiltration is not a free tea ceremony with their own is not There is, on the other hand, the tea ceremony must be permeated with no phase of its own. Tea culture that is no phase of its external performance. Tea is the root of a culture, it's physical and mental practice, with the creation of free people , Liao Wu, that is to create a culture of the creators. Therefore, the tea ceremony is to create a culture of the creators of culture. Those created by the creators of culture, in turn, create a culture of the creators. Tea is such a practice human world, this is the case To create a culture of the area. In this sense, the tea ceremony is free with his own form and not with the performance of their establishments. "As noted above, in the true sense of the formation of Japanese tea ceremony, Pearl is for the mountains, Shaoou As the guide, Sen no Rikyu for a combination of different opinions and were completed.
In Japan, most of the pure tea ceremony known as "Hermitage tea." Hermitage tea tea ceremony is noble, wealth, the right to complete critical, as well as inferior, and poverty and found that the value of the new value creation.
So far, the Japanese tea ceremony has become a favorite form of culture, but also the most commonly held cultural events. People love tea ceremony can be found everywhere. For the tea ceremony and life-long pursuit of non-married women, the tea ceremony and the first resign his post in pursuit of the common man. Now, the tea ceremony is considered the crystallization of Japanese culture, Japanese culture.
The academic spirit of the tea ceremony in Japan to explain the use of the three main concepts: (a) and Qing Ji Jing; (b) a one will be; (c) the concept of sitting alone. Zen concepts and ideas are linked.
"King and Qing Ji," the tea ceremony, known as Sidi, Regulations IV, Japanese tea ceremony is the most important ideological concept.The thrust of the thinking of the tea ceremony are: the main "no", that is the absolute negation of the main. The main thrust of the tea ceremony is invisible. As a "no" and the emergence of the physical embodiment of the idea and is, respect, money, death.They are the "no" derived from the four phenomenon. From the four abstract things and have had a Japanese tea ceremony were hundreds of thousands of art forms, such as the construction teahouse, tea, props, tea, snacks and so on.
"I will be a" from the late Edo's largest tea Ii Bute tea on the book "will be a tea set." Ii: the recovery of their origin, tea will do it for a one will be, even with the Lord, the same can be repeated many times to hold off tea, can not reproce the matter at this time.Every time the tea will do, is to be the one time in my life.As a result, the owner must do everything possible to make real deep meaning, there can be no negligence. Guests also have to meet the world can no longer feeling attend the meeting, eager to receive the master of every small ingenuity to cross-cheng.
"Sitting alone the concept of" Ii also from Bute "will be a tea set." In the face of a teapot, tea house sitting alone, this memorable day tea, meditate on this at this time would not be repeated again, this time the tea was a lot of attention can not help feeling at a loss, starting with a Chongshi Gan. Tea at this time of the state of mind can be referred to as "non-main."
This shows that the tea ceremony is a soul-ching of Buddhist meditation. Tea at home is worthy of a monk. Teahouse for the comparable monastery's temple. Therefore, Japan is thinking of the tea ceremony and Zen tea together. Zen tea in the grounds, and PolyU in the Zen Tea in a profound experience.
⑤ 急!!誰能給我一段關於日本茶道的英語短文
Japan spirit of the tea ceremony - Tea and Zen
Japan's tea ceremony and cultural formation and development of Chinese tea culture is not as mainly as Confucianism and Buddhism by one of the combined effects of Chinese culture.Japan's tea culture is imported from China.In the 7th century, before the Japanese did not drink tea records.In the introction to this culture play a major role in the process of the Buddhist monks. They go to China to study Buddhism, the monastery at the same time the cultural life also brought back. One of these is the tea ceremony and tea. As a result, Japanese tea culture to open since the beginning of the Buddhist and forged a bond. Japan imported tea customs in the early days of tea on the activities of monasteries, monks began as the center. According to historical records, in 805 AD Saicho master of the Missionaries of Japan from China back to the tea seed, planted in the foothills of Hiei, Japan's most ancient form of "Japanese Tea Garden." Since then, the master of preaching in 806 years, sea and air from China brought back tea dedicated to the Emperor Saga, he brought back from China, grind the tea, tea seed. To 815 years in April, the Emperor Saga Fortunately, in recent Jiang Yu, Tang Dynasty in the life of a 30-year-old monk had Yongzhong Jianchaling personally dedicated to the emperor, Emperor Saga greatly appreciate this, which commands close to Jiang and other places to build tea .To the West Wing, the relationship between tea and Zen meditation can be regarded as mainly as a supplement to tea. Buddhist meditation time for tea drinks, Zen case material, the capital of the street, and so on to help save the nation's.All this can only tea and the close relationship between Zen life, still can not prove that the relationship between the two Fasi.
The tea ceremony is a combination of different opinions Sen no Rikyu.Rikyu tea ceremony in St. Code "was recorded in the South," said: Tea techniques to the table as the central techniques, which rules everything, Fa there are millions of species of tea instry in the first people to learn the tea ceremony, mainly memorize and master These rules. And this study as a tea ceremony.
This shows that the Japanese art of tea ceremony for the ideological background of Buddhism, his thinking is the core of Zen. It is based on Buddhist religious content as the main body in order to achieve Taichedawu is carried out for the purpose of a new form of religion.
In Japanese culture, Buddhist culture, a large proportion of this is Japanese culture in the most representative and distinctive cultural phenomenon. Zen Zen and the idea of the impact on Japanese culture in the form of most of the corners, such as architecture, landscape, music, tea ceremony, calligraphy, martial arts, and so on.
In Japan, major history of tea cultivation have to go to the temple for several years, the temple was from Farmington, and guidance for life by a Zen master, but they do not stay in Farmington after the temple, but to return to living a teahouse Tea life. Tea of life similar to the lives of ordinary people, similar to the artist's life. So, although the tea through Zen meditation to learn, and to hold Zen Fasi, but its independence of the tea ceremony is an independent existence outside the temple in a kind of "Zen at home." If the temple's religious activities called "Zen Temple", then the tea ceremony and Zen is a set of parallel parallel.
Shinichi Jiusong said: "The purpose of the tea ceremony of the first practice for the physical and mental, physical and mental practice their culture, tea ceremony is the formation of the placenta. Liao Wu-free phase of a phenomenon is demonstrated by the tea ceremony culture. Tea culture is a rich culture in the form of He started to look after the tea ceremony was surprised that his form has a strong cultural uniqueness, that is, it is a phase of the Liao Wu-free, with no performance out of their own in the form. Infiltration is not a free tea ceremony with their own is not There is, on the other hand, the tea ceremony must be permeated with no phase of its own. Tea culture that is no phase of its external performance. Tea is the root of a culture, it's physical and mental practice, with the creation of free people , Liao Wu, that is to create a culture of the creators. Therefore, the tea ceremony is to create a culture of the creators of culture. Those created by the creators of culture, in turn, create a culture of the creators. Tea is such a practice human world, this is the case To create a culture of the area. In this sense, the tea ceremony is free with his own form and not with the performance of their establishments. "As noted above, in the true sense of the formation of Japanese tea ceremony, Pearl is for the mountains, Shaoou As the guide, Sen no Rikyu for a combination of different opinions and were completed.
In Japan, most of the pure tea ceremony known as "Hermitage tea." Hermitage tea tea ceremony is noble, wealth, the right to complete critical, as well as inferior, and poverty and found that the value of the new value creation.
So far, the Japanese tea ceremony has become a favorite form of culture, but also the most commonly held cultural events. People love tea ceremony can be found everywhere. For the tea ceremony and life-long pursuit of non-married women, the tea ceremony and the first resign his post in pursuit of the common man. Now, the tea ceremony is considered the crystallization of Japanese culture, Japanese culture.
The academic spirit of the tea ceremony in Japan to explain the use of the three main concepts: (a) and Qing Ji Jing; (b) a one will be; (c) the concept of sitting alone. Zen concepts and ideas are linked.
"King and Qing Ji," the tea ceremony, known as Sidi, Regulations IV, Japanese tea ceremony is the most important ideological concept.The thrust of the thinking of the tea ceremony are: the main "no", that is the absolute negation of the main. The main thrust of the tea ceremony is invisible. As a "no" and the emergence of the physical embodiment of the idea and is, respect, money, death.They are the "no" derived from the four phenomenon. From the four abstract things and have had a Japanese tea ceremony were hundreds of thousands of art forms, such as the construction teahouse, tea, props, tea, snacks and so on.
"I will be a" from the late Edo's largest tea Ii Bute tea on the book "will be a tea set." Ii: the recovery of their origin, tea will do it for a one will be, even with the Lord, the same can be repeated many times to hold off tea, can not reproce the matter at this time.Every time the tea will do, is to be the one time in my life.As a result, the owner must do everything possible to make real deep meaning, there can be no negligence. Guests also have to meet the world can no longer feeling attend the meeting, eager to receive the master of every small ingenuity to cross-cheng.
"Sitting alone the concept of" Ii also from Bute "will be a tea set." In the face of a teapot, tea house sitting alone, this memorable day tea, meditate on this at this time would not be repeated again, this time the tea was a lot of attention can not help feeling at a loss, starting with a Chongshi Gan. Tea at this time of the state of mind can be referred to as "non-main."
This shows that the tea ceremony is a soul-ching of Buddhist meditation. Tea at home is worthy of a monk. Teahouse for the comparable monastery's temple. Therefore, Japan is thinking of the tea ceremony and Zen tea together. Zen tea in the grounds, and PolyU in the Zen Tea in a profound experience.
日本茶道精神——茶與禪
日本的茶道文化的形成和發展不象中國茶文化那樣主要受儒道佛三位一體的中國文化綜合影響。日本的茶文化是由中國傳入的。在7世紀之前,日本人沒有喝茶記錄。而在這一文化傳入過程中起主要作用的是佛教的僧侶們。他們去中國學習佛教,同時將寺院的生活文化也帶了回來。其中之一便是飲茶與茶禮。由此,日本茶文化自開初就與佛教結下了不解之緣。在飲茶習俗傳入日本的初期,飲茶活動是以寺院、僧侶為中心展開的。據史料記載,公元805年日本傳教大師最澄從中國帶回茶籽,栽種在比睿山麓,形成了日本最古的「日本茶園」。從那以後,弘法大師空海於806年把從中國帶回來的茶獻給了嵯峨天皇,他還從中國帶回了茶碾、茶籽。至815年4月,嵯峨天皇幸游近江時,在唐代生活了長達30年之久的高僧都永忠親自煎茶獻給天皇,嵯峨天皇對此大為欣賞,由此命令近江等地修建茶園。至榮西為止,茶與禪宗的關系可以說是以禪為主,以茶為輔。茶為坐禪修行時的飲料、禪案的素材、行道之資、救國之助等等。這些都只能說明茶與禪宗生活的密切關系,仍不能證明兩者之間的法嗣關系。
茶道的集大成者是千利休。利休在茶道聖典《南方錄》中說:茶道的技法以檯子技法為中心,其諸事的規則、法度有千上萬種,茶道界的先人們在學習茶道時,主要是熟記、掌握這些規則。並且將此作為學習茶道的目的。
由此可見,日本的茶道藝術的思想背景為佛教,其思想的核心是禪。它是以禪的宗教內容為主體,以使人達到大徹大悟為目的而進行的一種新型宗教形式。
在日本文化中,禪文化佔有很大比重,這是日本文化中最有代表性、有特色的文化現象。禪的思想及禪宗的形式影響到日本文化的大部分角落,如建築、園林、音樂、茶道、書畫、武術等。
在日本,歷代大茶人都要去禪寺修行數年,從禪寺獲得法名,並終生受禪師的指導,但在他們獲得法名之後並不留在禪寺,而是返回茶室過著茶人生活。茶人的生活近似常人的生活,近似藝術家的生活。所以說,茶人雖通過禪宗學習到了禪,與禪宗持有法嗣關系,但茶道有其獨立性,是獨立存在於禪寺之外的一種「在家禪」。如果把禪寺里的宗教活動叫做「寺院禪」的話,那麼茶道與禪宗就是一組平行並行的關系。
久松真一說:「茶道的第一目的為修煉身心,其修煉身心是茶道文化形成的胎盤。無相的了悟為一種現象顯示出來的才是茶道文化。茶道文化真是一種內容豐富的文化形式,自己開始研究茶道以後感到驚訝的是,其文化形式有著強烈的獨特性,即它是一種由無相的了悟,無相的自己表現出來的形式。未滲透著無相自己的茶道是不存在的,反過來說,茶道中必須滲透著無相的自己。即茶道文化是無相的自己的外在表現。茶道又是一種根源性文化,它修煉人的身心,創造無相的人、了悟的人,即創造文化的創造者。所以說,茶道是創造文化創造者的文化。這些創造者創造的文化反過來又創造文化創造者。茶道是這樣一種修煉人的天地,是這樣的一個文化創造的領域。在此意義上來說,茶道是無相自己的形成及無相自己表現的場所。」如上所述,真正意義上的日本茶道的形成,是以珠光為開山,邵鷗為先導,千利休為集大成者而完成的。
在日本,最純正的茶道被稱之為「草庵茶」。草庵茶的茶道是對高貴、財富、權利的徹底批判,以及對低賤、貧窮的新的價值發現與價值創造。
至今,茶道已成為日本人最喜愛的文化形式,也是最常舉行的文化活動。喜愛茶道的人比比皆是。為追求茶道而終身不嫁的女子,為追求茶道而辭去公職的男人屢見不鮮。現在,茶道被認為日本文化的結晶,日本文化的代表。
學術界對日本茶道精神的解釋主要使用三個概念:(一)和敬清寂;(二)一期一會;(三)獨坐觀念。這些概念與禪的思想是相聯系的。
「和敬清寂」被稱為茶道的四諦、四規、四則。是日本茶道思想中最重要的理念。茶道思想的主旨為:主體的「無」,即主體的絕對否定。而這個茶道的主旨是無形的。作為「無」的化身而出現的有形的理念便是和、敬、清、寂。它們是「無」派生出的四種現象。由這四個抽象的事物又分別產生了日本茶道藝術成千上萬種形式,如茶室建築、點茶、道具、茶點心等。
「一期一會」一詞出自江戶末期最大的茶人井伊弼所著茶論《茶湯一會集》。井伊說:追其本源,茶事之會,為一期一會,即使同主、同客可反復多次舉行茶事,也不能再現此時此刻之事。每次茶事之會,實為我一生一度之會。由此,主人要千方百計,盡深情實意,不能有半點疏忽。客人也須以此世再不能相逢之情赴會,熱心領受主人的每一個細小的匠心,以誠相交。
「獨坐觀念」一語也出自井伊弼的《茶湯一會集》。面對茶壺一隻,獨坐茶室,回味此日茶事,靜思此時此日再不會重演,此刻茶人的心裡不禁泛起一陣茫然之情,又用起一股充實感。茶人此時的心境可稱為「主體的無」。
由此可見,茶道是一場靜心清魂的佛事。茶人不愧為在家的僧人。茶室可比作寺院的佛堂。所以,日本茶道思想是茶與禪的融會貫通。茶中有禪理,禪理又在品茶中深刻體會到。
⑥ 求用英語介紹日本有特色的飲食及反映的日本飲食文化特點
介紹壽司的,參考WIKI
比較簡單的
Sushi (壽司, Sushi) is a kind of food. Sushi comes from Japan, and has a long history. It's a popular dish in America, the UK, and many other countries.
Sushi is made with rice. All types of sushi have some kind of rice. The rice is mixed with vinegar. There are other things in it like vegetables and raw fish called "neta". Some sushi is wrapped in seaweed (sometimes called "nori"), some is not. Some kinds of fish are safe to eat raw, and do not make you ill.
There are different kinds of sushi. Nigiri sushi is made with fish or vegetables that are put on top of sushi rice. Maki sushi is made with fish or vegetables rolled up inside rice.
Sushi can be eaten with hands or chopsticks. Soy sauce, wasabi, gari (sweet, pickled ginger), and other toppings are often put on sushi.
In Japan, sushi is sometimes sold in 「conveyor-belt shops」, where plates of sushi are put on a moving belt which passes by the customers. People freely take the sushi they want as it passes. The color of the plate shows the price of the sushi. At some shops, any plate is 100 yen.
⑦ 英文介紹日本的風土人情習俗等
Kyoto, Tokyo, Imperial Palace and Park Sunpu History: Japan's ancient capital of Kyoto, similar to China's Xi'an, the historical and cultural heritage more, retained a large number of temples, shrines and other religious facilities, have relatively famous Kiyomizu-dera, high-Tak Temple, etc. now as a tourist resource development and utilization of well. In the history of Japan is a relatively backward country, to the 18th century, entered the era of the Meiji Restoration, Japan a radical reform, the backward direction by the powerful, the capital moved to Tokyo from Kyoto, the Emperor's palace is now located in downtown Tokyo, the Second re-bridge, and has been retained to the present. Now the Royal Palace in the capital of Japan before the screen times the strength of families to send characters - General Tokugawa Ieyasu palaces, after Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital from Tokyo to move to the city center is now the largest park in Shizuoka - Sunpu Park location, and later and now developed into the general scope of Shizuoka Prefecture.
Historical and cultural heritage: a lot of Japanese people are very ancient temples of worship, belief in the gods, such as spiritual support, and has a special memorial day to worship, they promised desire to pray the gods bless, let the freedom of religious belief.
譯文:京都、東京皇宮及駿府公園的歷史:京都為日本的古都,類似我國的西安,歷史文化遺產比較多,保留了眾多的寺廟、神社等宗教設施,比較有名的有清水寺、高德寺等,現在作為旅遊資源得到很好的開發利用。歷史上的日本是比較落後的國家,到了18世紀,進入明治維新時代,日本進行大刀闊斧的改革,才由落後走向強大,首都也從京都遷往東京,天皇的皇宮就是現在位於東京市中心的二重橋,並一直保留到現在。現在的皇宮在遷都前是日本幕戶時代的實力派人物——德川家康將軍的宮殿,遷都後德川家康從東京遷往現在靜岡市中心最大的公園——駿府公園所在地,後來及發展成為現在的靜岡縣的大致范圍。
歷史文化遺產:很多日本人十分崇拜古老的寺廟,信奉神靈等精神寄託,有專門的朝拜祭日,他們許下心願,祈求神靈保佑,宗教信仰自由吧。
你還可以介紹一下他的文化生活。。日本的社會福利事業比較好。。
還可以介紹工作態度:總體印象是日本的工作人員相當敬業,工作態度十分認真,國家公務員都非常注重自己的形象。。
還有飲食文化——踏踏米和餐:日本的傳統和餐實行的是分餐制的。
⑧ 日本飲茶 習俗
日本的飲茶習俗是在前漢時期日本的彌生時代,由中國傳過來的。
日本人喝茶,以綠茶為主。可是到了夏天,人們喜歡一種叫麥茶的冷飲茶。
據說,1587年,日本桃山文化時代,完成了全國統一的豐臣秀吉,同時也完成了日本的茶道,並創立了歷史上著名的北野大茶道會。當時與會者如獻不出茶葉,亦可用炒焦的米、麥來代替。於是,誕生了麥茶、玄米茶等用糧食炒制的茶類。
麥茶、玄米茶就是將大麥和穀粒(稻子)帶殼炒焦,適當加入一些綠茶或其他茶葉。然後用水煮5分鍾左右,顏色近似啤酒色為最佳。可以熱喝,但冷飲更美味適口。人們有時還會加進一點食鹽。家家戶戶的冰箱,夏天沒有不給麥茶涼瓶留一席之地的。年輕人即使在寒冬臘月也偏愛冰鎮麥茶。
盛夏三伏,太陽如火,樹靜蟬鳴,大汗淋漓,外出歸來打開冰箱,倒一杯涼麥茶。金黃的茶色誘人,杯子外邊立刻浮起一層哈氣水珠兒……一氣喝下,焦麥那特殊的香味兒裹著清涼沁至心腑,真是一番解暑的好情趣。
麥茶與其他谷類混合,有一種鳩麥,我們叫薏仁米。中醫學有利尿、消炎、潤肌、消除皮膚疣等功效之說。
大麥和玄米,也就是中葯里的麥芽和穀粒兩味。可治消化不良,食慾不振。有消滯開胃的功效。中葯里確可常見粳米、糯米、麥粒原封不動入葯治病的。
可見日本的麥茶並非只是消暑解渴,還具一定的保健功能。
無論大小商場到夏天都設麥茶專櫃。屋頂上掛起一隻只風鈴兒,被風吹出丁丁當當的涼爽聲兒。麥茶的種類繁多,有透過塑料袋可見一粒粒焦麥,需上火煮的,有與綠茶混合一起的。有袋泡麥茶:杯用的、瓶用的、冷水用的、熱水用的,琳琅滿目。
隨著人們對健美的追求,制茶的文章也做得五花八門。如一直暢銷的易拉罐「十六茶」,更有一絕。以麥茶為主,又加了黑豆、綠茶、決明子、靈芝、柿葉、芝麻、紅花等其他原料,16個種類中竟然有海帶。喝起來既能感到焦麥的清香,也似乎有那麼一點點微妙的「雜香」味道