英國怎麼用英語介紹
英國百年婚禮習俗
有舊有新有借有藍--百年婚禮習俗
「有舊、有新、有借、有藍」的婚禮習俗已經有好幾百年的歷史了。許多新娘在她們舉行婚禮的當天都曾被問到是否已經備好了那些「有舊、有新、有借、有藍」的服飾，以穿戴它們緩緩走過教堂內的通道。穿戴這每一件服飾的傳統據說各有其獨特的涵義，但都能夠給新婚夫婦帶來吉祥和財富。你曾想過這種說法到底是什麼意思嗎？是如何起源的？每件服飾各有何涵義？
最初的說法源自維多利亞時代，原文是：「有舊，有新，有借，有藍；在一隻鞋裡放一枚六便士的銀幣。」
有舊新娘可以穿著或佩戴一樣舊衣物來象徵她和她娘家及過去生活之間的歷史紐帶。許多新娘佩戴一件家傳的珠寶飾品作為「有舊」的選擇。有些新娘穿著她們母親或祖母穿過的結婚禮服。實際上，舊的東西同時也可以是借來的東西。
有新穿戴一樣新衣物是要象徵新娘在新生活和婚姻中擁有成功和希望。如果新娘置辦的是新的結婚禮服，那它就可以是她的「有新」，但是任何別的新服飾也是可以的。「有新」常常是最容易做到的。
有借借來的服飾應該是從一位已幸福地結了婚的朋友那裡借來的。據說他們的幸福會惠及於你，給你的婚姻帶來長久的美滿。有些新娘會去借來一種衣著用品、一件首飾、一塊手帕或者一個飾以珠子的手袋。
有藍穿戴一件藍色服飾源自《聖經》時代，當時藍色結婚禮服代表著純潔、忠誠和愛情。隨著時間的推移，這一傳統已從穿藍色結婚禮服，演變成後來的在新娘的結婚禮服下擺處縫上一圈藍色的鑲邊，再演變到現代的普遍做法——新娘用藍色的吊襪帶。
六便士銀幣在新娘的左腳鞋子里放一枚六便士銀幣據說是財富的象徵。它不僅代表財產上的富有，還代表婚姻生活的幸福與快樂。由於今天許多新娘恐怕連一枚六便士是什麼樣子都不知道，傳統習俗的這一部分在現代婚禮中已經不常被遵守。但是，如果新娘想要在她的婚禮中包括這一項目，她可以從許多出售如吊襪帶和請柬等婚禮用品的公司里買到六便士銀幣。
有些較為傳統的新娘或許會花很多心思選擇每一件服飾。傳統的做法是：同一家族的女性佩戴同一件首飾。
而有些新娘不太為傳統所束縛，但在別人的請求下也會遵循這一傳統。如果她們不想面面俱到，她們可以就攜帶一個小小的珠子手袋，裡面裝有兩塊手帕——她們可以買一塊新的白色手帕，然後從家人那裡借一塊藍色手帕，這樣她們就「有新」——白色手帕，還「有舊、有借、有藍」——藍色手帕。手帕在婚禮中正好可以派上用唱—擦拭喜悅的淚水！
The wedding tradition of「something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue」 has been around for hundreds of years. Many brides have been asked on their respective wedding days if they have gathered something old, new, borrowed and blue to carry with them as they walk down the aisle. The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item is said to bring luck and fortune to the newly married couple. Have you ever stopped to think what the saying really means？ What is its origin and what does each item represent？The original saying dates back to the Victoria times and states,「Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue and a silver sixpence in your shoe.」 Something old...A bride may wear or carry something old to represent her continued ties to her family and her old life. Many brides wear a piece of family jewelry as their old item. Some brides wear the wedding dress worn by their mother or grandmother. In many cases, something old may also be something borrowed. Something new...Wearing something new is supposed to represent success and hope in the bride』s new life and in her marriage. If the bride purchased her wedding dress new, it may represent her new item, but any item that is new may be used. Something「new」 is usually the easiest category1 to fill. Something borrowed...The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married. It is suggested that their happiness will rub off on2 you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage. Some brides borrow an item of clothing, a piece of jewelry, a handkerchief or perhaps a beaded purse. Something blue...Wearing something blue dates back to biblical3 times when a blue wedding dress was worn to represent purity, fidelity4 and love. Over time this has changed from wearing a blue dress to wearing just a blue band around the bottom of the bride』s wedding dress to modern times
『貳』 高分求用英文介紹英國文化的文章
1,英國式幽默的介紹
Humor
It is difficult to make generalizations about humor ring the Renaissance because the kinds of things that provoked laughter varied by country, language, and social class. In all parts of Europe, however, laughter was considered an important—even essential—part of life. Scholars often quoted the words of the ancient Greek philosopher ARISTOTLE, who described man as a being capable of laughter. Scholars of drama, medicine, and rhetoric* discussed the nature of humor and laughter. In the fields of drama and fiction, the Renaissance proced some of the greatest comic writers ever.
Humor on the Stage. Comedy played a major role in both formal and informal performances throughout the Renaissance. Renaissance festivals often featured comic performances that made a mockery of the established social order. The most important of these festivals was Carnival, a period of revelry before the sober days of Lent (the 40 weekdays leading up to Easter). Carnival festivities in all parts of Europe included comic plays. French celebrations involved "fools' plays," known as sotties, while Polish events included crude comedies in a realistic style. Songs with mocking or obscene lyrics also formed a part of some Carnival events.
Some early plays featured political humor. The French king Louis XII encouraged political comedies because they helped him to learn what was going on in the state. Other comedies based their humor on stock characters and themes, such as a cheating wife deceiving her dim-witted husband. Although most of these early farces* were penned by unnamed authors, a few well-known poets wrote in this style in France and England. In Italy, a kind of farce called COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE developed in the 1500s. Commedia dell'arte also involved standard character types caught in typical situations. This style of drama featured physical action and broad comedy, with plots ranging from the fairly realistic to the wildly fantastic. Humanist* comedies provided a more intellectual alternative to farce. Humanists of the Renaissance imitated the comedies of the ancient Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence. This classical* style of comedy arose in Italy and spread across Europe. The Italian statesman and author Niccolò MACHIAVELLI proced an obscene comedy called The Mandrake Root that is widely viewed as a masterpiece. Another brilliant work in this style is Ralph Roister Doister, by the English playwright Nicolas Udall.
In addition to staged performances, humor had a regular place at royal and noble courts in the person of the fool, or jester. Dressed in a costume that featured a cap with bells on it, the fool was the one person at the court allowed to ridicule everyone and everything. Fools appeared often as characters in literary works, such as the plays of William SHAKESPEARE. However, the fool's function was not always strictly comical. In many works, he served more to instruct than to amuse.
Humor on the Page. Like the drama of the period, literature of the 1400s and 1500s was largely comic. Renaissance humanists frequently gathered humorous material from classical Greek and Roman literature. They particularly enjoyed collecting short Latin works called facetiae, which could be jokes, serious stories, riddles, or moral fables. Humanists usually did not explain why they chose particular stories for their joke collections. Some, including the Italian poet PETRARCH, drew heavily on the ideas of the ancient Roman writer CICERO about what was funny.
Humanists also enjoyed creating their own humor—especially for the purpose of satire*. The Dutch scholar Desiderius ERASMUS was particularly good at using humor in his satire. One of his funniest works, "The Abbot* and the Learned Lady," ends with the laughter of the witty, ecated lady who has outsmarted the rude, ignorant churchman. German and French humanists of the 1500s proced some extremely funny works of satire by writing mock letters in deliberately bad Latin.
Other Renaissance writers turned to verse for their comedy. One of the Italian comic writers' favorite forms was the mock epic*, a takeoff on a highly respected literary form. The famous poem Orlando Furioso (Mad Roland), by the Italian poet Ludovico ARIOSTO, contains elements of the mock epic style. Another well-known mock epic is The Chess Game by Jan Kochanowski, Poland's most famous Renaissance poet. Poets in England or France do not appear to have used this style, but they did mock the conventions* of other poetic forms. For example, Petrarch had set certain standards for love poetry that involved praising the beloved in extravagant terms. Later writers made fun of Petrarch's style, as in Shakespeare's well-known sonnet "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun."
Humor appeared in both long and short fiction works ring the Renaissance. Miguel de CERVANTES of Spain and François RABELAIS of France incorporated humor in novels that are still widely read today. Most French comic authors wrote shorter stories, often inspired by Italian sources. For example, MARGARET OF NAVARRE based several comic stories in her Heptameron on the famous Decameron (1353) by Italian author Giovanni BOCCACCIO. Some French stories, such as the collection How to Succeed, by Béroalde de Verville (written around 1612), were highly obscene.
In England one popular form of humor was the "jest," a very short story with a punch line (much like a modern joke). Writers collected these comic stories into jestbooks, which were similar to the Italian collections of facetiae. Jestbooks also became popular in Germany in the late 1500s, and some examples appeared in Spain and Italy.
Humor in the Visual Arts. The comic elements found in Renaissance literature also appeared in the art of the period. Art often used humor to deliver moral or religious messages. During the Protestant Reformation*, Protestant leaders put out illustrated pamphlets that portrayed their enemies as animals or showed the devil playing a Catholic monk like a musical instrument. However, not all humorous art had a moral message. In the late 1520s artist Giulio Romano painted a room at a palace in Mantua with lifelike figures of giants who appear to be pulling down the walls and pillars of the room. This witty style of illusion, known as trompe l'oeil (fool the eye), was very popular at the time.
In the early 1500s, artists began painting in a style known as grotesque, based on ancient Roman wall paintings. Grotesques often portray humans and animals in a fantastic manner, with leaves, flowers, and curly lines where arms and legs should be. The famous Italian artist MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI created several works in this style. Many grotesques still exist on the walls of museums and Italian palaces. Humor also found its way into Renaissance sculpture. The Boboli Gardens of Florence, Italy, built in the 1500s, contain such comic statues as a fat dwarf sitting on a turtle.
2,英國街頭文化
Hip hop is a cultural movement that developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among Black Americans and Latino Americans. It was DJ Afrika Bambaataa that outlined the five pillars of hip-hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge。Other elements include beatboxing, hip hop fashion, and slang. Since first emerging in the Bronx, the lifestyle of hip hop culture has spread around the world。 When hip hop music began to emerge, it was based around disc jockeys who created rhythmic beats by looping breaks (small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern) on two turntables. This was later accompanied by "rapping" (a rhythmic style of chanting) and beatboxing, a vocal technique mainly used to imitate percussive elements of the music and various technical effects of hip hop DJs. An original form of dancing and particular styles of dress arose among followers of this new music. These elements experienced considerable refinement and development over the course of the history of the culture.
Musicologists often identify the following characteristics as typical of the pop music genre:
a focus on the indivial song or singles, rather than on extended works or albums
an aim of appealing to a general audience, rather than to a particular sub-culture or ideology
an emphasis on craftsmanship rather than formal "artistic" qualities
an emphasis on recording, proction, and technology, over live performance
a tendency to reflect existing trends rather than progressive developments
The main medium of pop music is the song, often between two and a half and three and a half minutes in length, generally marked by a consistent and noticeable rhythmic element, a mainstream style and a simple traditional structure. Common variants include the verse-chorus form and the thirty-two-bar form, with a focus on melodies and catchy hooks, and a chorus that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and harmonically with the verse.The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment.The lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions.
Pop music is a music genre that developed from the mid-1950s as a softer alternative to rock 'n' roll and later to rock music. It has a focus on commercial recording, often orientated towards a youth market, usually through the medium of relatively short and simple love songs. While these basic elements of the genre have remained fairly constant, pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, particularly borrowing from the development of rock music, and utilizing key technological innovations to proce new variations on existing themes.
3,英國古典文化
哥特式
Gothicismus, Gothism, or Gothicism (Swedish: Göticism) is the name given to what is considered to have been a cultural movement in Sweden. The founders of the movement were Nicolaus Ragvaldi, the brothers Johannes Magnus, Olaus Magnus and Olof Rudbeck d.ä.. They all held the belief that the Goths had originally lived in Sweden. This belief continued to hold power in the 17th century, when Sweden was a great power following the Thirty Years' War, but lost most of its sway in the 18th. It was revitalized by national romanticism in the early 19th century, this time with the vikings as heroic figures.
The name is derived from Jordanes's account of the Gothic urheimat in Scandinavia (Scandza), and the Gothicists in Sweden believed that the Goths had originated from Sweden. Some scholars in Denmark also attempted to identify the Goths with the Jutes, however, these ideas did not lead to the same widespread cultural movement in the Danish society as it did in the Swedish. In contrast with the Swedes, the Danes of this era did not forward claims to political legitimacy based on assertions that their country was the original homeland of the Goths and that the conquest of the Roman Empire was proof of their own country's military valor and power through history
The Gothicismus movement took pride in the Gothic tradition that the Ostrogoths and their king Theodoric the Great who assumed power in the Roman Empire had Scandinavian ancestry. This pride was expressed as early as the medieval chronicles, where chroniclers wrote about the Goths as the ancestors of the Scandinavians, and it permeated the writings of the Swedish writer Johannes Magnus (Historia de omnibus gothorum seonumque regibus) and his brother Olaus Magnus (Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus). Both works had a large impact on contemporary scholarship in Sweden.
During the 17th century, Danes and Swedes competed for the collection and publication of Iceland manuscripts, Norse sagas, and the two Eddas. In Sweden, the Icelandic manuscripts became part of an origin myth and were seen as proof that the greatness and heroism of the old Geats had been passed down through the generations to the current population. This pride culminated in the publication of Olaus Rudbeck's Atland eller Manheim (1679–1702), where he claimed that Sweden was identical to Atlantis.
維多利亞風格
Victorian fashion comprises the various fashions and trends in British culture that emerged and grew in prominence throughout the Victorian era and the reign of Victoria, a period which would last from June 1837 to January 1901. Covering nearly two thirds of the 19th century, the 63 year reign would see numerous changes in fashion. These changes would include, but not be limited to, changes in clothing, architecture, literature, and the decorative and visual arts.
Varieties of Victorian architecture：
Styles conceived in the Victorian era
British Arts and Crafts movement
Instrial architecture
Painted Ladies
Queen Anne (Stick-Eastlake)
Second Empire
Jacobethan (the precursor to the Queen Anne style)
Neo-Grec
Renaissance Revival
Romanesque Revival (includes Richardsonian Romanesque)
[edit] Other movements popularized in the period
While not uniquely Victorian, and part of revivals that began before the era, these styles are strongly associated with the Victorian era e to the large number of examples that were erected in that period
Gothic Revival
Italianate
Neoclassicism
爵位分類：
Peers are of five ranks, in descending order of hierarchy:
Duke comes from the Latin x, leader. Created in 1337.
Marquess comes from the French marquis, which is a derivative of marche or march. This is a reference to the English borders ("marches") with Wales and Scotland, a relationship more evident in the feminine form: Marchioness. Created in 1385.
Earl comes from the Old English or Anglo-Saxon eorl, a military leader. The meaning may have been affected by the Old Norse jarl, meaning free-born warrior or nobleman, ring the Danelaw, thus giving rise to the modern sense. Since there was no feminine Old English or Old Norse equivalent for the term, "Countess" is used (an Earl is analogous to the Continental count), from the Latin comes. Created circa 800-1000.
Viscount comes from the Latin vicecomes, vice-count. Created in 1440.
Baron comes from the Old Germanic baro, freeman. Created in 1066.
In Scotland, the fifth rank is called a Lord of Parliament, as Barons are holders of feudal dignities, not peers. Baronets, while holders of hereditary titles, are not peers. Knights, Dames, and holders of other non-hereditary British honors are also not peers.
For peers, the various titles are in the form of (Rank) (Name of Title) or (Rank) of (Name of Title). The name of the title can either be a place name or a surname. The precise usage depends on the rank of the peerage and on certain other general considerations. Dukes always use of. Marquesses and Earls whose titles are based on place names normally use of, while those whose titles are based on surnames normally do not. Viscounts, Barons and Lords of Parliament do not use of. However, there are several exceptions to the rule. For instance, Scottish vicecomital titles theoretically include of, though in practice it is usually dropped. (Thus, the "Viscount of Falkland" is commonly known as the "Viscount Falkland".)
4,英國概述
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The Channel Island liwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK.The UK has fourteen overseas territories, all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
The UK is a developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity。 It was the world's first instrialised country and the world's foremost power ring the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a major power with strong economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence. It is a nuclear power and has the fourth highest defence spending in the world. It is a Member State of the European Union, holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO, and the World Trade Organization.
你說的每一項都寫得挺少的
寫不下了，也不知道夠不，留一下郵箱，我可以繼續補充
『叄』 用英語介紹下英國
首先是新華網的中文介紹，其次是CIA的介紹（我比較常用的參考庫）
英 國 概 況
國名： 大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國 ( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
國旗：呈橫長方形，長與寬之比為2∶1。為「米」字旗，由深藍底色和紅、白色「米」字組成。旗中帶白邊的紅色正十字代表英格蘭守護神聖喬治，白色交叉十字代表蘇格蘭守護神聖安德魯，紅色交叉十字代表愛爾蘭守護神聖帕特里克。此旗產生於1801年，是由原英格蘭的白地紅色正十旗、蘇格蘭的藍地白色交叉十字旗和愛爾蘭的白地紅色交叉十字旗重疊而成。
國徽：即英王徽。中心圖案為一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角為紅地上三隻金獅，象徵英格蘭；右上角為金地上半站立的紅獅，象徵蘇格蘭；左下角為藍地上金黃色豎琴，象徵愛爾蘭。盾徽兩側各由一隻頭戴王冠、代表英格蘭的獅子和一隻代表蘇格蘭的獨角獸支扶著。盾徽周圍用法文寫著一句格言，意為「惡有惡報」；下端懸掛著嘉德勛章，飾帶上寫著「天有上帝，我有權利」。盾徽上端為鑲有珠寶的金銀色頭盔、帝國王冠和頭戴王冠的獅子。
國歌：《上帝保佑女王》 "god save the queen"（如在位的是男性君主，國歌改為"god save the king"）
國花：玫瑰花
國鳥：紅胸鴿
國石：鑽石
科學節：1831年開始，一年舉辦一次
科學周：1994年開始，在每年的3月舉辦
國家政要：女王伊麗莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II)，1952年2月6日即位，1953年6月2日加冕；上院議長兼大法官歐文勛爵(Lord Irvine of Lairg)，1997年5月任上院議長；下院議長邁克爾·馬丁（Michael Martin）；首相托尼·布萊爾(tony blair) ,1997年5月任職，2001年6月連任。
自然地理：24．41萬平方公里（包括內陸水域），英格蘭地區13. 04萬平方公里，蘇格蘭7. 88萬平方公里，威爾士2. 08萬平方公里，北愛爾蘭1. 41萬平方公里。位於歐洲西部的島國。由大不列顛島（包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士）、愛爾蘭島東北部和周圍一些小島組成。隔北海、多佛爾海峽、英吉利海峽與歐洲大陸相望。它的陸界與愛爾蘭共和國接壤。海岸線總長11450公里。全境分為四部分：英格蘭東南部平原、中西部山區、蘇格蘭山區、北愛爾蘭高原和山區。主要河流有塞文河（354公里）和泰晤士河（346公里）。北愛爾蘭的訥湖（396平方公里）面積居全國之首。屬海洋性溫帶闊葉林氣候，終年溫和濕潤。通常最高氣溫不超過32℃，最低氣溫不低於－10℃，平均氣溫1月4～7℃，7月13～17℃。多雨霧，秋冬尤甚。年平均降水量約1000毫米。北部和西部山區的年降水量超過1600毫米，中部和東部則少於800毫米。每年三月至六月最為乾燥，九月至來年一月最為濕潤。
人口：5883萬（2000年7月），其中英格蘭人4930萬，蘇格蘭人510萬，威爾士人290萬，北愛爾蘭人170萬。官方和通用語均為英語。威爾士北部還使用威爾士語，蘇格蘭西北高地及北愛爾蘭通用蓋爾語。居民多信奉基督教新教，主要分英格蘭教會（也稱英國國教聖公會，其成員約佔英成人的60％）和蘇格蘭教會（也稱長老會，有成年教徒66萬）。另有天主教會和印度教、猶太教及伊斯蘭教等較大的宗教社團。
首都：倫敦(london)；人口：728．5萬（1999年）。最熱月份為7月，一般氣溫在13℃－22℃；最冷月份為1月，一般氣溫在2℃－6℃。
行政區劃：分英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭四部分。英格蘭劃分為43個郡，蘇格蘭下設29個區和3個特別管轄區，北愛爾蘭下設26個區，威爾士下設22個區。蘇格蘭、威爾士議會及其行政機構全面負責地方事務，外交、國防、總體經濟和貨幣政策、就業政策以及社會保障等仍由中央政府控制。倫敦稱「大倫敦」(Greater London)，下設獨立的32個城區(London boroughs) 和1個「金融城」(City of London)。各區議會負責各區主要事務，但與大倫敦市長及議會協同處理涉及整個倫敦的事務。此外，英國還有12個屬地。
倫 敦 塔 橋
簡史：公元前地中海伊比利亞人，比克人，凱爾特人，先後來到不列顛。1－5世紀英格蘭東南部為羅馬帝國統治。羅馬人撤走後，歐洲北部的盎格魯人、薩克遜人、朱特人相繼入侵並定居。7世紀開始形成封建制度，許多小國並成七個王國，爭雄達200年之久，稱「盎格魯—撒克遜時代」。829年威塞克斯國王愛格伯特統一了英格蘭。8世紀末遭丹麥人侵襲，1016年至1042年為丹麥海盜帝國的一部分。其後經英王短期統治，1066年諾曼底公爵渡海征服英格蘭。1215年約翰王被迫簽署大憲章，王權遭抑制。1338年至1453 年英法進行「百年戰爭」，英國先勝後敗。1588年擊敗西班牙「無敵艦隊」，樹立海上霸權。1640年爆發資產階級革命。1649年5月19日宣布為共和國。1660年王朝復辟，1668年發生「光榮革命」，確定了君主立憲制。1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭合並，1801年又與愛爾蘭合並。18世紀後半葉至19世紀上半葉，成為世界上第一個完成工業革命的國家。19世紀是大英帝國的全盛時期，1914年佔有的殖民地比本土大111倍，是第一殖民大國，自稱「日不落帝國」。第一次世界大戰後開始衰敗。英國於1920年設立北愛蘭郡，並於1921年至1922年允許愛爾蘭南部脫離其統治，成立獨立國家。1931年頒布威斯敏斯特法案，被迫承認其自治領在內政、外交上獨立自主，大英帝國殖民體系從此動搖。第二次世界大戰中經濟實力大為削弱，政治地位下降。隨著1947年印度和巴基斯坦的相繼獨立，到60年代，英帝國殖民體系瓦解。1973年1月加入歐共體。
倫 敦 大 本 鍾
政治：英國的憲法不同於絕大多數國家的憲法，並不是一個獨立的文件，它是由成文法、習慣法、慣例組成。主要有大憲章（1215年）、人身保護法（1679年）、權利法案（1689年）、議會法（1911、1949年）以及歷次修改的選舉法、市自治法、郡議會法等。蘇格蘭另有自己獨立的法律體系。政體為君主立憲制。國王是國家元首、最高司法長官、武裝部隊總司令和英國聖公會的「最高領袖」，形式上有權任免首相、各部大臣、高級法官、軍官、各屬地的總督、外交官、主教及英國聖公會的高級神職人員等，並有召集、停止和解散議會，批准法律，宣戰媾和等權力，但實權在內閣。議會是最高司法和立法機構，由國王、上院和下院組成。上院（貴族院）包括王室後裔、世襲貴族、新封貴族、上訴法院法官和教會大主教及主教組成。1999年11月，上院改革法案通過，除102名留任外，600多名世襲貴族失去上院議員資格，非政治任命的上院議員將由專門的皇家委員會推薦。下院也叫平民院，議員由普選產生，採取最多票當選的小選區選舉制度，任期5年。但政府可決定提前大選。政府實行內閣制，由女王任命在議會選舉中獲多數席位的政黨領袖出任首相並組閣，向議會負責。
政黨：（1）工黨（Labour Party）：執政黨。1900年成立，原名勞工代表委員會，1906年改用現名。該黨曾於1945－1951年，1964－1970年，1974－1979年上台執政。1997年大選獲勝，2001年6月大選後蟬聯執政。工黨近年來更多傾向於中產階級的利益，與工會關系有所疏遠。布萊爾當選工黨領袖後，政治上提出「新工黨、新英國」的口號，取消黨章中有關公有制的第四條款，經濟上主張減少政府幹預，嚴格控制公共開支，保持宏觀經濟穩定增長，建立現代福利制度。對外主張積極參與國際合作，對歐洲一體化持積極態度，主張加入歐元，主張同美國保持特殊關系。現有黨員近40萬名，是英國第一大黨。（2）保守黨（Conservative Party): 主要反對黨。前身為1679年成立的托利黨，1833年改稱現名。該黨從1979至1997年4次連續執政，成為20世紀在英國佔主導地位的政黨。在1997年5月和2001年6月兩次大選中慘敗於工黨。保守黨的支持者一般來自企業界和富裕階層，主張自由市場經濟。通過嚴格控制貨幣供應量和減少公共開支等措施來壓低通貨膨脹。主張限制工會權利，加強「法律」和「秩序」。 近年來，提出實行「富有同情心的保守主義」，關注教育、醫療、貧困等社會問題。強調維護英國主權，反對「聯邦歐洲」，反對加入歐元，主張建立「大西洋共同體」以加強英美特殊關系。強調北約仍是英國安全與防務的基石。現有黨員30多萬名。（3）自由民主黨(The Liberal Democrat Party)：1988年3月由原自由黨和社會民主黨內支持同自由黨合並的多數派組成。主張繼續維持與工黨的合作關系，推動工黨在地方選舉及下院選舉中實行比例代表制，在公共服務、社會公正、環境保護等問題上採取比工黨更「進步」的政策。現有黨員約10萬名，是英國第三大黨。此外，英國其他政黨還有：蘇格蘭民族黨 (Scottish National Party)、威爾士民族黨 (Plaid Cymru) 以及北愛爾蘭一些政黨如：北愛爾蘭統一黨(Ulster Unionist Party)、民主統一黨 (Democratic Unionist Party) 、社會民主工黨 (Social Democratic and Labour Party)、新芬黨 (Sinn Fein) 等。
大 英 博 物 館 的 圓 形 閱 覽 室
司法：有三種不同的法律體系：英格蘭和威爾士實行普通法系，蘇格蘭實行民法法系，北愛爾蘭實行與英格蘭相似的法律制度。司法機構分民事法庭和刑事法庭兩個系統。在英格蘭和威爾士，民事審理機構按級分為郡法院、高等法院、上訴法院民事庭、上院。刑事審理機構按級分為地方法院、刑事法院、上訴法院刑事庭、上院。英國最高司法機關為上院，它是民、刑案件的最終上訴機關。1986年成立皇家檢察院，隸屬於國家政府機關，負責受理所有的由英格蘭和威爾士警察機關提交的刑事訴訟案。總檢察長和副總檢察長是英政府的主要法律顧問並在某些國內和國際案件中代錶王室。
經濟： 英國是發達的資本主義國家。其國內生產總值在西方國家中居前列。英國製造業在國民經濟中的比重有所下降，仍佔領導地位；服務業和能源所佔的比重不斷增大，其中商業、金融業和保險業發展較快。
倫敦東部碼頭區新建的金融中心
2000年，英經濟規模居世界第四，並連續第二年成為世界最大的海外投資國。私有企業是英國經濟的主體，占國內生產總值的60％以上。服務業占國內生產總值的三分之二，而製造業僅佔五分之一。能源資源最豐富的國家，也是世界主要生產石油和天然氣的國家。主要能源有煤、石油、天然氣、核能和水力等。1999年，原油及天然液化氣日產量達290萬桶（約38. 41萬噸），位居世界第九。至1999年底，原油總產量創歷史紀錄，達23 .31億噸，天然氣總產量為149000億立方米。英國是世界上第一個滿足本國2600萬電、氣用戶的國家。1999年底，總電量達7 . 01億千瓦，其中核電站供應1. 30億千瓦。英國採煤業完全私有化。森林覆蓋面積270萬公頃，佔英本土面積約10％：其中英格蘭約8％，蘇格蘭約17％，威爾士約14％，北愛約6％。主要工業有：采礦、冶金、化工、機械、電子、電子儀器、汽車、航空、食品、飲料、煙草、輕紡、造紙、印刷、出版、建築等。英國重視對新能源及可再生能源的研究開發。英開發核能有幾十年的歷史，目前供發電的核電站有14座。製造業約占國內生產總值20％，從業人員逾400萬，占總就業人口14. 4％。服務業包括金融保險業、零售業、旅遊業和商業服務（提供法律及咨詢服務等），近年來發展迅速。旅遊業是英最重要的經濟部門之一。1999年，旅遊業產值達640億英鎊；從旅遊收入上計算，英國是世界第五大旅遊國，收入佔世界旅遊收入的4. 5％。主要旅遊點有倫敦、愛丁堡、加的夫、布賴頓、格林威治、斯特拉福、牛津、劍橋等。英國是世界第五大貿易國，貿易額佔世界貿易的5. 6％。進口產品主要有：食品、燃料、原材料、服裝、鞋業、電子機械設備、汽車等；出口產品主要有：石油及相關產品、化工產品（主要是醫葯）、食品、煙草、飲料（威士忌等）、機械設備等。
行 進 在 摩 爾 大 街 上 的 英 國 皇 家 炮 兵 團
軍事： 建軍時間約在17世紀中期。女王為英軍名義上的最高統帥。最高軍事決策機構是「國防與海外政策委員會」，首相任主席，成員有國防大臣、外交大臣、內政大臣、財政大臣等；必要時國防參謀長和三軍參謀和列席會議。國防部為國防執行機構，既是政府行政部門，又是軍事最高司令部。英國是北約集團的創始國和主要成員國，擁有獨立的核力量，國家戰略的核心是：積極參與世界事務，維護英國的國際地位；依靠和藉助北約集體防務力量來保衛歐洲和英國本土的安全，並擴大英在歐洲的影響；積極加強與英聯邦國家的聯系，保護其廣泛的海外利益。1997年5月工黨政府上台後，調整國防政策；繼續依靠北約集體防務力量作為英國安全的基礎；保持強大的常規部隊；保持核威懾力量；突出強調質量建軍和聯合快速反應部隊的建設，重點提高英軍處理各種危機、應付突發事件的快速反應能力，努力維護英在歐洲及海外傳統勢力范圍的戰略利益。實行志願兵役制，服役期3、6、9、12、15年不等，一般最長為22年。
教育： 實行5－16歲義務教育制度。1998／1999財政年度教育經費占國內生產總值的4．9％。公立學校學生免交學費。私立學校師資條件與教學設備都較好，但收費高，學生多為富家子弟。著名的高等學校有牛津大學、劍橋大學、倫敦政治經濟學院、愛丁堡大學。
路 透 社 的 采 編 人 員 在 工 作
新聞出版：英國報紙的人均銷量比任何發達國家的都多。全國共有約1350種報紙，7000種周刊和雜志：《每日快報》、《每日郵報》、《每日鏡報》、《每日星報》、《太陽報》、《金融時報》、《每日電訊報》、《衛報》、《獨立報》、《泰晤士報》、《世界新聞》、《星期日快報》、《星期日鏡報》、《星期日郵報》、《人民報》、《星期日電訊報》、《觀察家報》和《星期日泰晤士報》。通訊社主要有3家：（1）路透社：1850年成立，集體合營，世界重要通訊社之一，總部設在倫敦。（2）新聞聯合社：1868年創辦，由PA新聞、PA體育、PA檢索和PA數據設計4家公司聯合經營，專門為英國和加拿大的企業提供公關和投資信息。（3）AFX新聞有限公司：由法新社與金融時報聯合經營，向歐洲的金融及企業界提供信息和服務，在歐洲12個國家、美國及日本設立分支機構，總部在倫敦。英國廣播公司（無線電廣播網）（BBCNetwork Radio）於1922年創辦。該公司有5個對內廣播電台，1個對外廣播電台，用43種語言向全世界各國播放節目。英國廣播公司(電視台) （ BBCTelevision）於1936年開始播放電視，有兩個台：BBC1主要播放新聞、宗教、體育、歌劇及少兒和娛樂節目，BBC2主要播放音樂、藝術、喜劇、教育及一些特別節目。另有5個數碼頻道供交費用戶使用。廣播電台局(the Radio Authority)負責批准及管理所有獨立電台的服務，監督節目及廣告質量。獨立電視委員會(Independent Television Commission)負責批准和規管商業電視台服務，擁有ITV（第三頻道）、第四頻道和第五頻道。ITV節目始播於1955年，24小時全天服務，面向全國，三分之一時間播放新聞，其它時間播放體育、喜劇、游戲和電影等。主要靠廣告贊助。第五頻道始播於1997年3月。隨著網際網路的迅猛發展，各主要報刊、電視均有網路版，其中BBC在線是被訪問最多的網站。
伯明翰市維多利亞女王廣場上的市政廳大樓
外交：英國為聯合國安理會常任理事國，是世界五個核大國之一，是歐盟、北約、英聯邦、西歐聯盟等120個國際組織的重要成員國。主張同美國加強關系，重視發展與其他大國的關系，努力改善同中、俄、日等大國的關系。努力維系同英聯邦國家的聯系，保持和擴大在發展中國家的影響。積極參與全球事務，保持強大的國防力量、強調自由貿易。加強在環境保護、人權、發展等問題上的國際合作。將人權問題作為其外交政策的核心。
與中國關系：1950年1月宣布承認中華人民共和國。1954年6月17日中英達成互派代辦的協議。1972年3月13日兩國簽訂了升格為大使級外交關系的聯合公報。1982年9月，英國首相撒切爾夫人作為英國第一位在職首相訪華。1984年12月，英國首相撒切爾夫人再次訪華，與中國領導人共同簽署了中英關於香港問題的聯合聲明。
Introction United Kingdom Top of Page
Background:
Great Britain, the dominant instrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended e to wrangling over the peace process.
Geography United Kingdom Top of Page
Location:
Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
Geographic coordinates:
54 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km
water: 3,230 sq km
note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km
Coastline:
12,429 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
Climate:
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Terrain:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m
Natural resources:
coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2%
other: 76.57% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,700 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
winter windstorms; floods
Environment - current issues:
continues to rece greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% rection from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government aims to rece the amount of instrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note:
lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
People United Kingdom Top of Page
Population:
60,609,153 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 5,417,663/female 5,161,714)
15-64 years: 66.8% (male 20,476,571/female 19,988,959)
65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,087,020/female 5,477,226) (2006 est.)
Median age:
total: 39.3 years
male: 38.2 years
female: 40.4 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.28% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
10.71 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate:
10.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.54 years
male: 76.09 years
female: 81.13 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - alt prevalence rate:
0.2% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
51,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 500 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British
Ethnic groups:
white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
Religions:
Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hin 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)
Languages:
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
Government United Kingdom Top of Page
Country name:
conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales
conventional short form: United Kingdom
abbreviation: UK
Government type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
London
Administrative divisions:
England: 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs
boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale, Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton, Hartlepool, Kirklees, Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside, Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rochdale, Rotherham, Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon, Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay, Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton
counties (or unitary authorities): Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, He
『肆』 用英語怎樣介紹英國
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers much of the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain, which lies in theNorth Atlantic; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans ring the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, one of theGermanic tribes who settled ring the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery, which began ring the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, andEnglish law – the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world – developed in England, and the country'sparliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations.The Instrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first instrialised nation.
『伍』 用英文介紹英國景點
Welcome to Cambridge- home of the famous University, carols in King's College Chapel and punting on the river Cam. Cambridge is a compact cosmopolitan city with outstanding architecture old and new. The beauty of its ancient centre is preserved with its walkable medieval streets, college courts, gardens and bridges.
What's On
Things to See and Do
Walks and Guided Tours
Restaurants, bars, cafes
FestivalsCambridge is a delight to visit in any season: relax in its many pubs, restaurants and cafes whilst exploring the independent shops around the historic market place. There are brand new shopping areas too, with all the high street favourites that you would expect.
Be inspired by the museums and art galleries; spot the stars of the future at a student theatrical proction, or see a show at the Arts Theatre. Film, live music of all kinds, poetry readings, public lectures - enter into the intellectual life of the students while you are here.
Cambridge is easy to get to by road, rail or air - just 50 minutes from central London and 20 minutes from London Stansted Airport.
There is too much to see in a day. Stay a few nights in a Cambridge hotel or bed and breakfast and explore the market towns and country houses around Cambridge.
『陸』 怎麼用英語介紹英國的冬天
British weather is often described as variable. It varies so much because, as an island, the weather is affected by the temperature of the surrounding seas. It is also influenced by the European land mass. Another contributor to the ever changing British weather is the Gulf Stream that brings warm water across the Atlantic ocean.
『柒』 英國風俗用英語介紹！
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The Channel Island liwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK. The UK has fourteen overseas territories, all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.我這些是從 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK 復制下來的，樓主你可以上去看一下，而且在語言欄上還有中文（不過不是完全一樣的，樓主你要注意一下哦）希望能幫到你，樓主！！
『捌』 用英語介紹美國和英國帶翻譯
美國
美利堅合眾國是一個由五十個州和一個聯邦直轄特區組成的憲政聯邦共和制國家，東瀕大西洋，西臨太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥。美國是個多文化和民族多元的國家；國土面積超過962萬平方公里，位居全球第三或第四；人口總量超過三億人，居世界第三。1776年7月4日，大陸會議在費城正式通過《獨立宣言》，宣告美國誕生。自1870年以來，美國國民經濟就高居全球第一。美國是聯合國安理會五個常任理事國之一，當今的國內生產總值超過全球20%，其在經濟、政治、科技、軍事、娛樂等諸多領域的巨大影響力均領銜全球，是目前世界上唯一的超級大國。
The United States is one of the fifty states and one federal district. Constitutional federal republic, east to the Atlantic, West Pacific, north of Canada, south of Mexico. The United States of America is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country; land area more than 9620000 square kilometers, ranking third in the world or in fourth; the total population of over three hundred million people, ranking third in the world. In July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress in Philadelphia formally adopted the" Declaration of independence", declaring the United States was born. Since 1870, the United States national economy at first in the world. The United States is the United Nations Security Council's five permanent members, today's GDP exceeded 20% in the world, the economic, political, scientific, military, entertainment and many other fields have led the huge influence of global, is currently the world's only superpower.
英國
英國全稱大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國，是由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭組成的聯合王國，一統於一個中央政府和國家元首。英國位於歐洲大陸西北面，英國本土位於大不列顛群島，被北海、英吉利海峽、凱爾特海、愛爾蘭海和大西洋包圍。英國是世界上第一個工業化國家，是一個具有多元文化和開放思想的社會。它在19世紀和20世紀早期是世界上最強大的國家，但是經過兩次世界大戰和20世紀下半葉大英帝國的崩潰，早已失去昔日榮光。不過，英國仍是一個在世界范圍內擁有巨大影響力的舉足輕重的強國。首都倫敦是歐洲最大和最具國際特色的城市。
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is from England, Scotland, Welsh and Northern Ireland United Kingdom, unified in a central government and head of state. Britain is located in northwest Europe, United Kingdom is located in the British Isles, Beihai, the English channel, the Celtic Sea, Irish Sea and around the Atlantic. England is the first instrialized country in the world, is a multi-cultural and open minded society. In nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century is the most powerful country in the world, but after the two World War and the second half of the twentieth Century the British Empire's collapse, has lost its former glory. However, the UK remains a worldwide had enormous influence on the power play a decisive role. London is Europe's largest and most international city.
『玖』 如何用英文介紹英國文化（傳統習俗飲食）。
English style of eating habits is also easy, pay attention to nutrition. Breakfast is usually porridge milk or a cup of red juice, coated with butter toast, fried bacon or sausage, eggs. At noon, the children eat lunch at school, alts at lunch on the job on the vicinity to buy a sandwich, a cup of coffee on, just kill. Only to the weekend, the British people will be rich on a table. Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on. A wide variety of vegetables, like cabbage, fresh peas, potatoes, carrots and so on. Vegetables in general are no longer processed, mounted on a tray, poured from the supermarket to buy ready-made sauce will be consumed. After the main course there will always be together digestible of sweets, such as cooking fruit, fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on.
Fried fish and fries (Fish and chips)
This is the traditional British fast food nation (fast
food). It is in the 19th century 60's pop up. At that time, the railway put start fresh fish one night directly (direct) transported from the east coast to London. English at the fish paste on top ofgood deep-fried in oil, and fried potatoes be eaten together. People put a mixture of salt and vinegar sauce and pour it into the article on fish and potatoes, with a newspaper bag, and then eat from the paper in hand. Today, people often use a clean paper packaging, and to provide a fork (fork).
Cha (Tea)
British National enjoy a cup of tea. At the traditional British (tradition) on people with porcelain tea cup, one person a cup, a spoonful of tea. The majority of British people like to drink strong tea, but I want to add much milk. Many years ago, people used to put milk into the cup, then add the tea, and finally add water.
Coffee (Coffee)
Now in the United Kingdom, as popularity of coffee and tea. People either do not add milk or add milk, or drink coffee or preparing a new instant coffee.
Wine (Wine)
English wine instry is very strong. More and more of the many vineyards are procing wine and red wine (red
wine). English pubs everywhere, has several flavors, each with 10,000 large and small pubs, which have many hundreds of years of history, this old pub is usually haunted legends, it is interesting that not only did not care about the owner, but also his house ghost Li Chuan-story as the general put on a table in each. Something fishy about the pub business better and sell more expensive.
Eating habits with knife and fork pyronaridine ~
British people generally preferred way of cooking there is: cooked in soy and vinegar, barbecue, fried and fried. Of meat, seafood, game cooking methods are unique; However, the categories of the beef they have special preferences, such as barbecue beef (ROASTED BEEF), is attached not only in the consumption of seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also will add some steak on the mustard sauce; at the use of seasoning on the butter and liquor preferences; at spice up the taste of meat Kou, cinnamon and other spices fresh.
The more well-known British cuisine has: beef kidney allocation (STEAK KIDNEY PIE), fish Pai (ENGLISH FISH CHIP), the Royal butter chicken (CHICKEN A LA KING) and so on. British people enjoy hunting, only once a year at the hunting period, there is much of the hotel or restaurant will be introced to game meal, such as deer (VENISON), rabbits (HARE), pheasant (PHEASANT),, such as cooking. General cooking game when using some gin or berries and wine, this approach is in order to remove the smell of mutton flavor of the food itself.
Breakfast is very important to the British people, British restaurants in the supply of a wide range of meals, have fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, wheat porridge category, bread, jam and coffee. Nowadays the popular afternoon tea (HIGH TEA) is the mass from the United Kingdom, and its more famous there is Victoria-style VICTORIAN STYLE), the contents can be said to be all-inclusive, including all kinds of small points, muffin, fruit tarts (TARTE ) and sandwiches. Supper on the daily lives of English is also one of the most important part of the meal of their choice is usually late, and are eating betterto promote friendship between meals can imagine they belong to are very autonomous nation, and a supper for them could take hours.
The United Kingdom at the local, there will be lot of people who love to drink, mainly because it itself is also a wine procing country. English at the cost of alcohol consumption on the expenditure than the other also to the many.
Nobu Restaurant
This is a world-renowned Japanese-style sushi restaurant, perfect interpretation of the cultural diversity of London. Enjoy the best way is to let the staff recommend, another is called a reversal of the world's black cod, point of confusing the champagne glass. Of course, the best have someone else foot the bill! Remember the location you want in advance, otherwise.
St. John's Restaurant
Very authentic British restaurant, under the name of the solemn nostalgia,thick sauce, verytraditional British dishes. Pig here are LOGO, shows a simple kick! Have to roast whole pigs, Yorktraditional rural English dishes. Confections are a weight of more down 2,3個. Good to eat! Ensure that you spot, the United Kingdom must go FREE to try!
Hakkasan Restaurant
An average consumption of 60 pounds in London's top restaurants. Is not a false faceskill, newspapers comment on is "the history of the sexiest Chinese restaurant", are impartial appraisal. Hot and sour soup, pipa ck, pork Doo British sparkling wine, Greece white Portuguese. It seems that Chinese and Western, at tip of tongue on an.
『拾』 用英文介紹英國（介紹完後用中文翻譯）
The United Kingdom of and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign state in Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the country includes the island of Great Britain (a term also applied loosely to refer to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another state: the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea in the east and the English Channel in the south. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. The UK has an area of 243,610 square kilometres (94,060 sq mi), making it the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe.
The United Kingdom is the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 64.1 million inhabitants. It is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. Its capital city is London, an important global city and financial centre with the fourth-largest urban area in Europe. The current monarch—since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II. The UK consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast, respectively. Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Man are not part of the United Kingdom, being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation. The UK has fourteen Overseas Territories,including the disputed Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, and Indian Ocean Territory.
The relationships among the countries of the United Kingdom have changed over time. Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union of 1536 and 1543. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, which in 1801, merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the country, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.British Overseas Territories, formerly colonies, are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history. British influence can be observed in the language, culture, and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and tenth-largest by purchasing power parity. The country is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index, currently ranking 14th in the world. It was the world's first instrialised country and the world's foremost power ring the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific, and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fifth or sixth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946. It has been a member state of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor, the European Economic Community (EEC), since 1973; it is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G8, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
英國和北愛爾蘭，俗稱為英國（UK）和英國，是歐洲一個主權國家。躺在離歐洲大陸的西北海岸，該國包括大不列顛島（術語也適用泛指全國），愛爾蘭島的東北部，和許多較小的島嶼。北愛爾蘭是共享陸地邊界與其他國家，英國的一部分：愛爾蘭共和國。除此之外陸地邊界，英國是大西洋所環繞，與北海在東部和英吉利海峽南部。愛爾蘭海位於英國和愛爾蘭之間。英國有243610平方公里（94060平方英里）的區域，使其成為第78大主權國家在世界第11大在歐洲。
英國是第22屆，人口最多的國家，估計有6410萬居民。這是一個君主立憲制與治理的議會制度。它的首都是倫敦，一個重要的全球城市，並與第四大的城市地區，歐洲的金融中心。目前的君主，自1952年2月6日，是英國女王伊麗莎白二世。英國由四個國家：英格蘭，蘇格蘭，威爾士和北愛爾蘭。後三種都下放行政部門，各具不同的權力，總部設在其首都，愛丁堡，加的夫，貝爾法斯特和分別。格恩西島，澤西島和馬恩島並非英國的一部分，是英國屬地與英國政府負責國防和國際代表性。英國有14海外領土，包括有爭議福克蘭群島，直布羅陀，以及印度洋領地。
英國的國家之間的關系發生了變化隨著時間的推移。威爾斯是在1536和1543年聯盟的行為吞並英格蘭王國英格蘭和蘇格蘭之間的條約導致了英國的一個統一的王國於1707年，其中1801年，合並與愛爾蘭王國，形成英國大不列顛和愛爾蘭。 1922年，六分之五愛爾蘭從該國分離出去，留下大不列顛及北愛爾蘭Ireland.British海外領土，原殖民地的英國目前的提法，是大英帝國的殘余其中，在其後期的高度19世紀和20世紀初，幾乎涵蓋世界上四分之一的陸地面積，是歷史上最大的帝國。英國的影響力可以在語言，文化和它的許多前殖民地的法律制度得到遵守。
英國是一個發達國家和名義GDP和第十大經購買力平價是世界上第六大經濟體。該國被認為具有高收入經濟體，並歸類為非常高的人類發展指數，目前排名第14，在世界上。這是世界上第一個工業化國家，在19世紀和20世紀初世界上最重要的力量。英國仍然是一個大國具有相當的經濟，文化，軍事，科技和國際上的政治影響力。這是一個公認的核武器國家，其軍事開支排名第五或第六的世界。英國一直是聯合國安理會常任理事國，因為在1946年第一屆會議上它一直是歐洲聯盟（歐盟）及其前身歐洲經濟共同體（EEC），自1973年以來的成員國;它也是英聯邦國家，歐洲，七國集團，八國集團，二十國集團，北約，經濟合作與發展組織理事會（OECD）和世界貿易組織（WTO）的成員。