英語閱讀中的西方文化

① 英語和西方文化

長期以來，英語教學中對西方文化因素沒有給予足夠的重視。造成這種現象的原因之一是，理論語言學在廣大英語教學者頭腦中有著根深蒂固的影響。他們認為語言學研究的對象只是語言本身。在這些理論的指導下，就逐步形成了固定的以培養純語言能力為教學目的的教學模式。因此，教師們很難擺脫傳統的教學模式。原因之二是可利用的參考資料太少，教學中涉及的許多文化現象就連教師本人也很難理解透徹。因此，盡管有的教師們能認識到文化因素在語言學習中的重要性，但由於以上原因而疏於傳授。
眾所周知，要想掌握一門語言，首先得學會這門語言的詞彙、語法，並要有一定的實際操作能力。但是，我們還要認識到，語言不是孤立存在的，語言與文化密不可分。語言是文化的一部分，也是文化的載體，是思維的物質外殼，它承載著文化信息，折射出一個民族的思維特徵。同時語言又受文化的制約，因為文化深植於語言。人們使用語言時要受到其民族文化的限制和影響。人們的語言表現形式更要受語言賴以存在的社會、習俗、生活方式、行為方式、價值觀念、思維方式、宗教信仰、民族心理和性格等的制約和影響。中西方文化大相徑庭，文化的差異決定了語言的差異，這種差異不僅包括詞彙、語法、語音、語調，也包括表達方式、表達內容、以及表達的得體性。如果在用英語進行交流時不注意中西不同文化的差異，往往會造成誤解。
二、西方文化導入的必要性

《大學英語課程教學要求》里明確指出大學英語教學是以英語語言知識與應用技能、學習策略和跨文化交際為主要內容。這表明大學英語教學不能僅僅停留在對語音、詞彙和語法的表面意義的理解，還要充分考慮對學生國際文化知識的傳授，注重培養實際言語能力，在語言教學中輸入目標語中的文化背景知識，使英語學習者能夠在同外國人士交流時根據不同的文化背景選擇恰當的語言和表達方式，使他們逐漸具備另外一種語言所承載的文化系統，從而達到有效地進行跨文化的目的。
掌握一種語言並不僅限於學習語言本身，在語言學習中，目標語的文化知識不但是培養交際能力的重要方面，而且其本身也是教育的要求之一。目前大學英語所採用的教材中有關文化方面的內容較少，即便有相關的內容，教學的重點仍然主要安排在對詞彙的記憶、語法和結構的分析，以及有限的聽、說和寫作的練習方面，對文化教學的活動涉及得太少，對中西文化的比較和對西方文化的吸收等方面的訓練做得非常少。
非英語專業學生，尤其是理工科專業的學生，其課程結構中文科方面的內容相對少，而西方文化方面的知識更是薄弱，且因課時限制又無法為他們開設專門的文化課。很多學生希望能通過語言學習了解西方文化。近幾年來，隨著社會對學生英語要求的不斷提
高，我們的教材越來越多地使用英美原文材料。這些原汁原味的語料中文化含量相當大，很大程度上折射出西方文化的特點。原文材料的使用給我們的英語教學提出了更高的要求。教師必須把文化因素作為教學重點，必須引導學生去注意材料的社會文化背景，培養他們的文化敏感性和洞察力。否則，缺乏對目標語文化背景知識的了解將直接影響學生對所讀材料的正確理解和判斷。

三、電影運用於教學的優越性

隨著現代教育技術的發展、多媒體教學的普及，以及英語原版電影的大量引進和相關資料的發行，在英語教學中運用英文原版電影作為文化導入媒介有其獨特的優越勝。

第一，它可以引起學生的學習興趣，激發學生學習動機。所有學生都喜歡看電影，對電影教學非常感興趣。把英文電影引入大學英語課堂，既可以使電影和課本相結合從而使教學立體化、實質化，使語言生命化，還可以使學生學習氣氛更和諧自然，語言環境更真實，學習動機更持久，進而達到培養語言的實際應用能力的目標。

第二，它是提升大學生人文素養的良好資源。大學期間正是一個人提高文化修養的重要階段。電影在具體的藝術實踐中，融入了哲學、文學等多種社會科學的內容，並予以借鑒、交匯和以此為藝術的階梯，從而創造出如夢如幻的影像文化。顯然，這樣一門直觀化的藝術，對於大學生來說，是構成其豐富的社會科學知識的重要內容。英語教學中注重西方文化信息的導入，不但提高了學生的人文素養，而且對他們以後的工作也很有用。

第三，電影作為人類新興的綜合性、高科技的文化載體，它是建立在建築、音樂、繪畫、雕塑、詩、舞蹈等藝術品種的交叉點上的綜合性藝術，它通過藝術形象的展示，表達一定的思想情感，反映不同社會文化，體現不同時代和不同民族精神。例如，要讓學生了解英美人結婚嫁娶等知識時，就可以讓學生觀看《四個婚禮一個葬禮》《走出非洲》反映了西方國家和非洲國家人們的婚姻、生活、教育等價值觀念與文化取向，也反映了一些風俗習慣和社交禮儀《與狼共舞》是一部歷史文化片，它展示和頌揚了印第安人的燦爛文化和優秀品質，揭露了白人在西部拓荒過程中對印第安人進行的種族滅絕的血腥罪行，同時通過一個白人背叛自己原有文化的歷程，熱情謳歌了跨越兩種文化的友誼與愛情。
英語原版電影是為我們打開瞭望西方國家語言與文化的窗口，具有書本及其它視聽材料所不具備的特點和優勢，它能逼真地再現言語交際情景，為學生提供大量自然語言，並為相關的語言實踐活動提供近乎真實的背景：是了解西方文化的便捷、直觀、生動的有效途徑。因此，讓學生通過欣賞原聲英文電影，在學習英語語言的同時，了解西方國家的自然、地理、歷史、經濟、政治等基本情況，了解其文化取向、思維方式、價值觀念、社會規范、風俗習慣等文化知識，讓語言知識與文化知識同步傳授，使二者構成一個水乳交融般完整的教學體系。
目前英文電影的種類與數量浩如煙海，用於教學內容的影片選擇就顯得格外重要。選擇影片應遵循以下三個原則：第一，所選內容要有益於學生樹立正確的人生觀、價值觀，讓學生通過這些影片的欣賞，以正確的視角解讀西方人的思想意識、價值觀念、道德標准、風俗習慣等；第二，所選內容的難易度要適合學生水平；第三，運用所選影片的方法要靈活。良好的教學資源配以良好的方法才會起到最佳的教學效果。

② 求幾篇高中英語閱讀理解原文，內容要是介紹西方某個節日，文化，習俗方面的。

網路有相關文章加以修飾就OK啦

③ 關於中西方文化的初中英語閱讀理解練習題及答案

In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don』t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don』t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can』t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a 「doggie bag」. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you』re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have 「Sunday dinner」. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
1. Which statement is true?
A. American people like sitting with people they don』t know.
B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table.
C. American people never sit with people they don』t know.
D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
2. What is served before you order?
A. bread B. butter C. coffee D. cold water
3. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?
A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.
B. They leave the food on the table and go away.
C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.
D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.
4. Sunday dinner is_______.
A. a dinner in the evening B. A big noon meal
C. a big lunch on Sunday D. A supper on Sunday
這是一篇講美國人的用餐習俗的閱讀。
As you know different countries have different customs. Also there are many gestures showing many meanings in many countries. Here are a few examples of gestures. A fisherman in Britain will show the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms(手掌) facing each other, the right distance apart in front of him. But the one from certain part of Africa will measure off the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to show the number 「one」 is made by holding up the index finger (the second finger), but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up. Some people point at objects with finger, others by sticking out the lips. The gesture for 「come here」 is made in Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and bent towards the body; in Egypt the hand is held at arm』s length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then bent. The difference between the movements is very important, and the meanings of the same gestures maybe opposite in different countries. It may bring trouble to those not well known with it.
1. This passage is mainly about _______.
A. different people in different countries B. how to understand the gestures in Britain
C. the different gestures D. how to show a gesture in Egypt
2Sometimes difference between the movements in different countries may bring about _______ to you.
A. a good luck B. a new world C. all ill effect D. happiness
3 How will the Africans express if the object』s size is longer than their left arms?
A. Take a string to show it. B. Keep silent.
C. Bring the object to the spot. D. In another way.
4According to the passage we should _______.
A. look before we leap B. pick and choose
C. strike while the iron is hot D. do in Rome as the Romans do

這是篇中西方習俗的。答案就先不給你發了，希望你認真做，等你做完以後可以把你的答案告訴我，我再告訴你正確的。

④ 淺談英語學習與西方文化之間的關系

當然可以啦，任何語言都根植於特定的文化背景之中，反映特定的文化內容。實際上，英語學習中，語言的學習與運用就是一種文化與另一種文化的交流與傳播。靜止孤立地學習某種語言，只能得到語言知識的皮毛，不可能獲得語言能力，不可能得體地運用該語言。所以，要學好和使用好英語，就要了解產生、使用這種語言的特定的社會文化背景和文化習俗，才能在實際應用中表達正確、符合習慣。否則，對英語文化背景知識缺乏了解，必然導致交際障礙、沖突和誤解。

⑤ 對英語學習有幫助的中西方文化和習俗

讀讀聖經吧。整個西方世界都是建立咋基督教的教訓之上的，從法律，到版政治，到社會，到經濟，權到日常生活。這是根源。不要一聽到「聖經」就覺得，哈，我知道，我已經很懂了。「其實，懂的也就是」聖經「這兩個字罷了。多看看，多想想，會發現其實人的所有的反應和行為都是那麼的不同。祝你學習進步。

⑥ 中西方文化差異英語作文

The culture differences between the East and West

As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America.

It is no doubtthat it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children.

The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them.

In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheersto our country.

⑦ 能告訴我怎樣很好的了解西方文學的文化嗎這對英語中的閱讀理解很有幫助

可以讀點叫的出名的西方名著中英版，如荷馬史詩之類的

⑧ 求一篇中西方文化差異與英語學習的文章!

兩篇供你參考，希望對你有幫助～～呵呵～
(一）
What are the major differences between chinese and western culture?

I'll list down a few differences:

West:

1. Western culture is based on indivialism rather than on mass (collectivism). For instance, in the US, you always talk about indivial rights, instead of placing the whole society above your own self. This is clearly different in China where a country, society or family are placed above your own self.

2. Western culture is adventurous and exploration based. Westerners like to discover new things, invention and expand outwards. For instance, bungee jumping is considered adventurous and common in western culture, but you will probably find no-one doing such a thing in China.

3. Western culture is based on science, which attempts to resolve people and nature's relationship.

4. West uses law to resolve people and people's relationship. You can never find 'law' well-established in China. For 2000 years, China is a land that's based on human relationship rather than law.

5. West uses 'god' and religion to resolve human and spiritualism relationship. In case of problems with your own self, you just pray to god.

6. A culture that expands and develop outwards.
Chinese Culture:

1. A culture based on masses (collectivism). People placed country and family above your own self.

2. A culture that is based on humanism and people

3. To resolve the relationship betwen man and nature, the chinese attempts to fuse the human and 'heaven' as one. (天人和一)

4. To resolve people and people's relationship, chinese uses ethics and tolerance (中恕之道)

5. To resolve human and spiritualism, chinese emphasizes internal cultivation (修身養性)

6. A focus on balance and mean. By 'mean', it means 'middle way'. You don't go into extremism. Peace is always honoured.

7. Pay homage to heaven and earth, as well as bearing a remembrance to the homeland. (敬仰天地,思鄉懷土) This was accorded to the fact that chinese had been a farming civilization and therefore will be more prone to remember their land.

8. A culture that expands internally rather than outwards.
Some of the disadvantage of old chinese culture:

1. Debase women and chauvanistic

2. An over-emphasis on past history instead of present (lacks pragmatism)
Can you list some more differences? Any comments and contributions are appreciated.

（二）

The difference between west and east

I wonder how many things do you know about the difference between west and east? I can tell you some. East and west , they are different in many ways. Today, I want to talk about it in the following three parts. They are food, dressing and living styles.
First , food.

In China, we prefer noodles, rice , jiaozi as the main course. We like cooking a lot of delicious dishes, then we set up the tables, put the dishes on the tables, sit together, and taste the dishes together, we don』t eat with indivial plates, when we eating ,we like chatting and laughing, we think it』s warm and happy to eat this way; But in England or other west countries, people like eating hamburgers, chips, pizza, pasta as their main course, they eat them with vegetable salad, they eat with drinking (water or juice),and they eat with separate plates. In China, we become full up when we finish all the food, then we don』t eat anything, but in west countries, people eat desserts after they finish their meals.

Second, dressing.

In China, we prefer colorful clothes, we dress them in different places, some time many people don』t mind the places we will go, and dress more formal or less formal, and some people just wearing beautiful clothes, don』t make up; But in west countries, people dress according their visiting places, in daily times, they often wear casual clothes, but if they go to a formal places ,they often wear suits, ladies wearing beautiful dresses, pretty hats. No matter how old the ladies are, they always make up.

Third, living styles.

Chinese prefer getting up early and go to bed early too. We usually go home early and cook meals, then we eat and watch TV, then we go to bed. We often work ring the holidays , children often go to different spare schools to study. We like save money and when we have enough money, we then go and buy what we want, in my opinion, Chinese are so tired and busy; But in most west countries, people live in a easy and happy lives. They get up late and go to work late too, they go to pubs, bars to have a rest after they finish their work, they enjoy their holidays, they seldom go to work ring the weekend. if you go to west countries, you can take part in their joyful night life.

That』s the differences I found ring the days I stayed in England. They are not all of them, but I think they can give my friends some information. Though west countries have more advantages in living, I still believe that 「East or west , home is best」, I still think China will always be my deeply loved mother.

⑨ 用英語介紹中西方文化差異的文章

我也在想這個問題，我是參加希望之星培訓的，最近也要寫這個問題，高中北師大的英語書有哦