中考試卷閱讀英語
1. 如何應對中考英語閱讀理解題
閱讀理解題是中考英語的測試重點，也是中考英語試題中卷面分值最高的一種題型，在各地中考試卷中約佔30％的比例。一般設三篇短文，試題採用「根據所給閱讀材料判斷正誤」或「選擇最佳答案回答問題」兩種形式。縱觀近年來全國各地中考閱讀題，其體裁多樣，有記敘文、議論文、說明文、應用文（信函、請柬、通知、便條、表格、圖表、廣告、圖示和標志等）；所選材料內容廣泛，涉及文化、環境、科普、社會、政治、經濟、歷史等眾多領域。文章的體裁富於變化，可謂題材寬泛，形式多種多樣。其特點是：時氣息濃，可讀性強，理解難度較高。閱讀理解題對學生提出了較高的能力要求，主要是考查學生通過閱讀獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的能力，既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住細節；既要理解具體事實，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘意圖，揣摩隱藏在字里行間的內涵既要理解全篇的邏輯關系又要理解某些細節的意思，並且在讀懂句子和文章的基礎上，將所讀文章進行判斷、分析和推理。概括的說就是這類題注重考查閱讀技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具體細節、通過上下文猜測詞義、歸納篇章大意，以及推斷或理解的態度和意圖等。考生不僅要具有準確獲得信息的能力，還要具有透過文章表層意思理解文章隱含意義的能力。這樣才能抓住中心思想，作出正確的判斷。試題涉及掌握語篇主旨，事實細節、深層含義、推理判斷、猜測詞義等多方面的閱讀能力考查。設題通常考慮以下四個方面。1. 直觀性問題。直接引用原文中的語句或根據短文中原語句稍加改動而編成。2. 常識性問題。考查學生依據短文信息，並根據自己所具備的一般常識作出判斷的題型．3. 理解性問題。考查學生對文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事實的細節及意圖等的理解程度。4. 推理性問題。這類題需在深刻理解短文後，再經過推理判斷才能選出正確答案。閱讀是一個復雜的心理過程，語言學家古德曼(Groodman)認為，閱讀就是讀者通過其心理和語言活動理解來接受的思想和觀點。如果學生能讀懂一篇文章，則表明寫作時的思維過程與該生在閱讀時的思維活動趨於吻合，這就是說學生的閱讀理解必須實於原文，不可脫離文章憑空想像。對學生進行閱讀技巧訓練還應該從文體角度來訓練，因為一篇文章的設題是受其文體限制的。下面我們分析幾個不同體裁文章的特點，供大家參考。a. 故事類。初中生接觸到的閱讀材料大都是故事類。閱讀故事類的材料，應該抓住人物線索、地點線索、時間線索和情節發展線索。特別注意的是，以上線索往往是並存的。因為情節的發展總是涉及到人物的變化、時間的推移、場景的變換等。而閱讀材料後的閱讀理解題往往會圍繞這些內容設計一些事實類的理解題。凡事實類的理解題都可以從閱讀材料的表層文字中找到答案。在閱讀故事類短文時，應指導學生理解文章的深層含義，也就是它的主題。在此需要注意的是，現在的閱讀理解題在測試事實類的理解題的同時，往往有一道推理類理解測試題． b．科普類。這里所指的科普類是廣義的。它包含有介紹科學知識、社會知識的短文。閱讀這類短文時，要以事實為中心進行思考，抓住事物的特徵、用途、相互關系等．如果是介紹社會現象的文章，要掌握所談現象的內涵。c．圖表類。這類短文是通過看圖或表格等來了解某方面的情況。指導學生閱讀這類材料時，主要從兩方面入手；一是了解圖表的主題，確定圖表的主要內容，二是推敲圖畫語盲或數字，找出它們之間的關聯或試圖表達的含義。d．新聞類。報刊閱讀應逐步成為中學生閱讀的一個重要內容。由於新聞報道強調遵循 5 個 w 和 1 個 H，所以，我們在閱讀時也要抓住這一點去理解。那麼，如何解決閱讀理解題呢？做閱讀理解題，根據實際情況，可用不同的方法。對於一些直接信息類題目，先讀問題後讀短文，帶著問題去讀文章，目的明確，容易抓住文中與問題相關的信息點。對於主觀判斷題，則應該從文章整體著手，認真閱讀綜合分析判斷，作出正確選擇。一般情況具體步驟1. 略讀全文，掌握主旨大意。略讀時要特別注意短文的首段、首句或末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關鍵詞語，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答題時就心中有數了。2．推測詞義，注意要點內容。閱讀中不要過分推敲語言點，要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的綱目，對於文章中出現的生詞或看不懂的句子，可以根據上下文意思猜測理解。3．尋讀。掌握短文的主旨大意之後，應認真閱讀題目，准確理解題意及其范圍，帶著問題到短文中尋找相關答案。一般的事實題可直接從文中找出答案。但也要認真斟酌，透過表層結構，領會其深層涵義。而較為深層次的邏輯推理判斷題，則需要建立在對全文理解的基礎上進行。因此，做這類題切忌摻雜主觀因素。4．復讀審核。初次答完題後，要對照短文內容對所做答案通盤審核，反復斟酌，做出修正，以減少錯誤疏漏。此外學生做閱讀理解題時，還應注意四點1. 注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最後一句。一般說來閱讀題沒有標題，就會給學生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困難，而文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是要說明的對象或要闡述的觀點，尾句是文章的結論或表達意圖、態度、目的。注意到這一點，才能抓住中心，為理解文章奠定良好的基礎。2. 閱讀文章體裁不同，閱讀的側重點也不同，記敘文中要注意 who（人物），where（地點），when（時間），what（事件），why（原因）說明文要注意說明的對象，特徵、細節及數字等；議論文要注意的觀點，論點和論據。3. 要通過文章線索來分析判斷的意圖。文章的結論、中心思想，及深層次的推理判斷，這一點是最難把握的考生做題時要特別注意。4. 要了解英語國家的風俗習慣，風土人情，了解地道英語語言表達習慣，不能以中國人的習慣來理解文章，闡述問題。
2. 求2015年英語中考模擬試題匯編第3,4頁的閱讀翻譯。
On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place.Many people were
there to greet a ship from France.On the ship were 49 French railroad
boxcars(火車車廂) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of
America.These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word
meaning "thank you").
After world War Ⅱ(二戰)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been
destroyed.Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and
little to eat.In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United
States，stopping in cities and towns along the way.At every stop，people gave
whatever they could.Factories gave clothing and medicine.Farmers gave
food.Families gave money.Even school children gave away their pocket
money(零用錢).All the things were then taken to France by ship.
By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢復) from the war.The Merci Train
was their way of saying "thank you" to America.French people had filled the
boxcars with gifts.Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's
drawings，or postcards.But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most
meaningful of the gifts.On each car，the French people had painted the pictures
of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front.The boxcars were
taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted.
Now many of the states still keep their boxcars.Gifts sent by the French
people can still be seen in some museums.The Merci Train came out of the war，but
it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平).
閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。
( ) 1.Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to
________.
A.welcome the Merci Train
B.meet their families
C.have a big party
D.start a trip by ship
( ) 2.In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to
________.
A.give away clothing and food
B.get more soldiers for the war
C.collect things to help French people
D.show exhibitions from the museums
( ) 3.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) ________.
A.the American people
B.the French people
C.the boxcars
D.the gifts
( ) 4.The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on
each boxcar because _______.
A.they thought France was stronger than America
B.it could show the friendship between the two countries
C.the boxcars would be more beautiful
D.they were very good at painting pictures
( ) 5.The passage is mainly about _______.
A.the story of the Merci Train
B.American museums where the boxcars are kept
C.gifts that American people liked
D.World War Ⅱ
答案解析
1.A 根據第一段內容我們可知許多人來到 New York Harbor 的目的是為了歡迎來自法國的 Merci Train，故正確答案為
A。
2.C 根據「At every stop，people gave whatever they could... All the things were
then taken to France by ship.」可以推測出正確答案為 C。
3.D 根據第三段第三句和第四句的 personal，like hand-made toys...」可知 them 指代的是 gifts，故正確答案為
D。
4.B 根據「...the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40
provinces，...where they were warmly greeted.」可以推測出正確答案為 B。
5.A 通過文章內容我們可知整篇文章都是圍繞 Merci Train 來寫的，故正確答案為 A。
(五)社會萬象
在中考閱讀理解中，本話題包括的題材很多，它們來自生活，來自社會，針對這些題材要求抓住關鍵的句子和一些與考查內容有關的問題所在，這樣便於我們解題時「順藤摸瓜」，找出問題的答案。這種題型一般是對文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的關鍵句和關鍵詞是非常重要的。
解題思路：看清題干，明確把握問題指向，帶著問題讀文章，避免「回視」現象，提高做題的速度，提高解題質量。
例如：
In most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time ring a
day，it is usual to greet them.Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong
to work.When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of
language.On her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some money.To
her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch.She was surprised
at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to
lunch.Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest
in dating the girl.Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she
was very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already.After this she
went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her
the same question.
By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as
to why they asked it.In the following days she was asked the same question again
and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept
asking her this.At last she thought that these people must be concerned
about(關心) her health.She was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must
be worrying that she was not eating well!
In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all — it is only a
greeting.
根據短文內容，判斷句子的正誤，正確的在括弧內寫「T」，錯誤的寫「F」。
( ) 1.The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work.
( ) 2.The British woman went to the bank to get some money.
( ) 3.The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch.
( ) 4.The teacher's question made the British woman happy.
( ) 5.In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chinese
culture.
答案解析
1.T 根據「Once a young woman from England...」可知這年輕英國婦女是來香港工作的，故此句表述是正確的。
2.T 根據「...she went to a bank to get some money.」可知此句表述是正確的。
3.F 通過本文最後一句我們可以了解到，在中國問別人「吃了嗎」是表問候，而不一定是真正的想請人吃飯。故此句的錯誤的。
4.F 根據「After this she went on to school and was even more
surprised...」可知此句表述是錯誤的。
5.T 根據文章內容我們知道，這位英國婦女對中國文化不是很了解，所以對「if she had had her lunch」產生困惑。
當然，中考英語閱讀理解題的材料遠不止這些種類，但只要運用了上面的基本的解題技巧，也能把這個題型做得很好。
實戰練習
一
My brother，Henry，has a good job at a bank.I couldn't believe him when he
told me that he had decided to give it up.Though I tried to make him change his
mind，I failed completely.
"You should reconsider your decision，" I said，"You have already spent five
years in the bank and you could have a wonderful future.You might become a bank
manager by the time you are thirty-five."
"I know，" Henry answered，"I have got no complaints with the bank.It is a
pleasant job.The bank manager told me my future was good."
"Then why do you want to leave?" I asked.
"It's the money，" Henry said.
"But you are getting a good salary." I answered.
"I don't mean that，" Henry said，"What do I do in the bank? Well，at the
moment all I do is to count money.I found it very depressing."
"What is depressing about counting money?" I asked.
"You don't understand，" Henry answered，"I enjoying counting my own
money，but I hate counting other people's!"
根據短文內容，選擇正確答案。
( ) 1.The writer wants to know ________.
A.what his brother does at the bank.
B.how long his brother has worked at the bank
C.why his brother has decided to leave the bank
D.when his brother will become a bank manager
( ) 2.His brother does not enjoy ________.
A.working in pleasant conditions
B.keeping happy hours
C.counting his own money
D.counting other people's money
( ) 3.You should reconsider your decision.Here the word "reconsider" means
"________".
A.think of
B.think
C.think over again
D.think better of
( ) 4.From the writer's words we know the bank pays his brother ________
for his work.
A.a good salary
B.as much money as the manager's
C.no money
D.not much money
( ) 5.The best title for this story is _______.
A.A Good Job
B.The Wonderful Future
C.Money Problem
D.Change In Mind
答案：
1.C Henry 在銀行工作，有豐厚的待遇和美好的未來，「我」想知道他為什麼還要辭職。
2.D 從最後一句 hate(討厭) 可知他不喜歡替別人數錢。
3.C 從構詞法可知 re 表重復，「再考慮一下」自己的決定，現在待遇不錯，前途也光明，放棄很可惜。
4.A 由文中「But you are getting a good salary」可知。
5.C 「錢的煩惱」一方面自己薪水很高，但每天又忙著替別人數錢而不是替自己數錢，給他的兄弟帶來心理的不平衡，這些錢不是他自己的。
3. 中考英語閱讀理解究竟應該怎麼做
首先是語法，在你的語法達到一定層次之後，你就可以追求更多的變化了，比如回，用虛擬語氣句答型it is high time that we……代替常用的it is necessary that we should……，又如用倒裝句代替常見的平鋪直敘等，這樣可以增加你的語法亮點，讓已經有些麻木一直想睡覺的閱卷老師眼睛一亮，在你的試卷上多掃射一番！其次，是詞彙，我覺得，在你的語法達到基本不會出錯的程度上，作文便應該以詞彙取勝，因為在這個層次上，大家的語法都差不多，沒什麼變化，唯一有變化的就是你的詞彙！給你打個比方吧，很多想到「許多」就用many，但是你別忘了many a ；handsome；massive，innumerable，a multitude of ；很多人想到「專家」就寫expert，但很少人會想到specialist，很多人在想到「擅長」這詞，就寫be good at
4. 中考英語的閱讀理解的題型和文章類型有哪些
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5. 北京中考英語的完型，閱讀一般都是從哪裡找來的高中試題嗎
這個范圍太廣了，還是放棄這條遙遠的捷徑吧，熟悉各種語法，多讀多說，慢慢的憑語感，也能應付這些試題的