2018年英語一第三篇閱讀

『壹』 2018年高考英語全國Ⅰ卷 閱讀題C篇「經濟學人」

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (聯系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, instrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory ecation, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?

A. They developed very fast.

B. They were large in number.

C. They had similar patterns.

D. They were closely connected.

29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？

A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？

A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.

31. What is the main idea of the text？

A. New languages will be created.

B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D. Geography determines language evolution.

(答案戳下方「閱讀原文 」 )

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2018年6月9日

第1218天

每天持續行動學外語

『貳』 2018年高考英語北京卷 - 閱讀理解C

Plastic-Eating Worms
吃塑料的蠕蟲

Humans proce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
人類每年生產超過3億噸塑料，其中幾乎一半被作為垃圾填埋， 多達1200萬噸污染海洋。目前還沒有有效的方法來消除它，但一項新的研究表明，答案可能在於一些飢餓蠕蟲的胃。

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
西班牙和英國的研究人員最近發現，大蠟螟的蠕蟲可以分解聚乙烯，聚乙烯占塑料的40%。研究小組將100隻蠟蟲蠕蟲放在一個商用聚乙烯購物袋中12小時，這些蠕蟲消耗並分解了約92毫克，約占總量的3%。為了證實蠕蟲的咀嚼並不是聚乙烯分解的原因，研究人員將一些蠕蟲製成糊狀物並將其放置於塑料薄膜。14小時後，這些膠片失去了13%的質量——顯然被蠕蟲胃裡的酶分解了。他們的發現發表在2017年的《當代生物學》上。

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic. "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, "she explains. "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. "
這項研究的合著者費德麗卡·貝爾托基尼說，蠕蟲分解日常食物——蜂蠟的能力，也可以讓它們分解塑料。「蠟是一種復雜的混合物，但聚乙烯中的基本鍵——碳碳鍵——也存在，」她解釋道，「蠟蟲進化出一種方法或系統來破壞這種鍵。」

Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme proced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes?
田納西大學的微生物學家詹妮弗·德布魯恩沒有參與這項研究，她說，這種蠕蟲可以破壞聚乙烯，這並不奇怪。但與之前的研究相比，她發現這次研究的分解速度令人興奮。德布魯恩說，下一步將是確定分解原因。這種酶是由蠕蟲自身產生還是腸道微生物產生？

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team』s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of instrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.」
貝爾托基尼對此表示同意，並希望她的研究小組的發現有朝一日能利用這種酶在垃圾填埋場分解塑料。但她希望在某種工業過程中使用這種化學物質，而不僅僅是將「數百萬只蠕蟲扔在塑料上」。

『叄』 18考研英語一閱讀難度

18考研英語一閱讀整體難度偏高。2018考研英語一考試的閱讀部分，前2篇難度較小，後2篇稍難，整體難度偏高。從文章角度上看，讀起來很拗口，比較難理解。從選題上看，英一第三篇文章涉及的話題與隱私數據等密切相關，與經濟內容掛鉤，比較難分析。

『肆』 2018年高考英語全國卷1 - 閱讀理解D

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. That』s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
我們可能認為，在我們的文化中，一看到嶄新的事物就會摒棄我們的舊技術，但一項新的研究表明，當舊設備過時了之後我們仍然繼續使用。這對於環境和我們的錢包來說是個壞消息，因為這些過時的設備做同樣的事情要比新設備消耗更多的能源。

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each proct throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
為了弄清楚這些設備的耗電量，紐約羅切斯特理工學院的卡莉·巴比特和她的同事跟蹤了每種產品在其整個生命周期內造成的環境代價——從原料開採到停止使用該設備。這一方法提供了自20世紀90年代初以來家庭能源使用的變化數據。不同的年代出現了不同的設備。台式計算機、最初的行動電話和盒式電視定義了1992年。1997年，數碼相機問世。2002年MP3播放器、智能手機和液晶電視進入家庭，2007年平板電腦和電子閱讀器問世。

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling ring the 1992 to 2007 window.
然而，當我們積累了更多的設備時，我們並沒有扔掉我們的舊設備。一位研究人員說：「客廳的電視更換後放在孩子們的房間里，突然有一天，家裡每個房間都有一台電視」。每個家庭擁有的電子設備平均數量從1992年的4台增加到2007年的13台。我們不僅保留了這些舊設備，我們還繼續使用它們。根據巴比特團隊的分析，舊的台式顯示器和帶有陰極射線管的盒式電視是最糟糕的設備，它們的能耗和溫室氣體排放量都很高，在1992年至2007年期間增加了一倍多。

So what's the solution? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old procts with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
那麼解決方案是什麼呢？該團隊的數據僅持續到2007年，但研究人員還探討了如果消費者使用具有多種功能的新電子產品（如用於文字處理和電視觀看的平板電腦）取代舊產品會發生什麼情況。他們發現，用平板電腦上代替電視和台式電腦觀看更多的娛樂點播節目，可以減少44%的能耗。

『伍』 2018年高考英語北京卷 - 閱讀理解D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
為自動駕駛汽車做准備的城市

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the read world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
自動駕駛汽車的可能性通常看起來是未來主義者的夢想，距離真實世界裡的實現還要好幾年。然而，未來顯然就是現在。今年四月，加州機動車管理局開始發放許可證，允許各公司在公共道路上測試真正的自動駕駛汽車。州政府還為企業出售或出租自動駕駛汽車以及運營無人駕駛計程車服務掃清了障礙。值得注意的是，加州在這方面並沒有走在最前沿。各公司一直在全國各大城市測試他們的汽車。很難預測公路上何時能遍布無人駕駛汽車。但是無論需要多長時間，這項技術都有可能改變我們的交通系統和城市，至於是好還是壞，就取決於如何管理這種轉變。

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help rece traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
雖然到目前為止大部分的討論都集中在無人駕駛汽車的安全性上（確有道理），決策制定者也應該討論自動駕駛汽車如何幫助減少交通阻塞、減少排放，提供更便捷、更實惠的靈活性選擇。無人駕駛汽車的到來是一個機會，可以確保那些汽車對環境友好，有更多的共享機會。

Do we want to -or even worsen-the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing services.
我們想通過無人駕駛汽車復制甚至惡化現在的交通狀況嗎？想像一下，未來大多數成年人都擁有自己的自動駕駛汽車。這樣他們就能夠忍受在擁擠的高速公路上上下班的漫長而緩慢的旅程了，因為他們可以在路上工作、娛樂或睡覺，這也會鼓勵城市的擴張。他們把無人駕駛汽車帶到約會的地點之後，就讓空車繞著大樓行駛，以此避免付停車費。他們不再步行幾個街區去接孩子或者去乾洗店，只要讓無人駕駛的迷你巴士去就可以了。這種便利甚至會讓越來越少的人乘坐公共交通工具——研究人員已經在叫車服務中發現了這種糟糕的負面效果。

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues. But driveless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
加州大學戴維斯分校的一項研究表明，在全球范圍內，用電動、自動駕駛和共享系統取代了汽油動力的私家車，至2050年，可以減少交通運輸中80%的碳排放，並降低40%的交通基礎設施和運營成本。更少的排放和更便宜的駕駛聽起來很有吸引力。幾乎可以肯定的是，考慮到無人駕駛技術的成本以及責任和維護問題，第一批商業化的無人駕駛汽車將在叫車服務行業誕生。不過隨著價格的下降以及越來越多的人熟練掌握這項技術，無人駕駛汽車的擁有率可能會提高。

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless
vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement present a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
決策制定者應當開始考慮，如何確保無人駕駛汽車的出現不會加劇我們現今這個被汽車主導的交通系統的弊端。即將到來的技術進步為城市和各州提供了發展交通系統的機會，這些交通系統旨在承載更多的人、更加便宜。未來汽車就要來了，我們只需要做好准備。

『陸』 2018年全國一卷英語高考試卷真題及答案（附Word版下載）

第一節 （共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話後有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話後，你都有10秒鍾的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.
答案是 C。

1.What will James do tomorrow ?
A.Watch a TV program. B.Give a talk. C.Write a report.

2.What can we say about the woman?
A.She's generous. B.She's curious. C.She's helpful.

3.When does the train leave?
A.At 6:30. B.At 8:30. C.At 10:30.

4.How does the woman go to work?
A.By car. B.On foot. C.By bike.

5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Classmates. B.Teacher and student. C.Doctor and patient.

第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白後有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鍾；聽完後，各小題將給出5秒鍾的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.What does the woman regret?
A.Giving up her research.
B.Dropping out of college.
C.Changing her major.

7.What is the woman interested in studying now?
A.Ecology. B.Ecation. C.Chemistry.
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.What is the man?
A.A hotel manager. B.A tour guide. C.A taxi driver.

9.What is the man doing for the woman?
A.Looking for some local foods.
B.Showing her around the seaside.
C.Offering information about a hotel.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In an office. B.At home C.At a restaurant.

11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?
A.Go to a concert. B.Visit a friend. C.Work extra hours.

12.Who is Alice going to call?
A.Mike . B.Joan. C.Catherine .

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Why does the woman meet the man?
A.To look at an apartment.
B.To deliver some furniture.
C.To have a meal together.

14.What does the woman like about the carpet?
A.Its color. B.Its design. C. Its quality .

15.What does the man say about the kitchen?
A.It's a good size. B.It's newly painted. C. It's adequately equipped .

16.What will the woman probably do next?
A.Go downtown. B.Talk with her friend. C.Make payment .

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?
A.Movie fans. B.News reporters. C.College students .

18.When did the speaker take English classes?
A.Before he left his hometown.
B.After he came to America.
C.When he was 15 years old.

19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?
A.He's proud. B.He's sympathetic. C.He's grateful .

20.What does the speaker mainly talk about ?
A.How ecation shaped his life.
B.How his language skills improved.
C.How he managed his business well.

第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分40分)

第一節 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.

22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.

23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras.
C. Meals. D. Safety lights.

24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.

25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.

26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introce a new topic for discussion.

27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.

29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A.Complex. B. Advanced.
C.Powerful. D.Modern.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A.About 6,800 B.About 3,400
C.About 2,400 D.About 1,200

31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. People』s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.

32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.

33. Why did Babbitt's team conct the research?
A. To rece the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a proct.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.

35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.

第二節 (共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據短文內容，從短文後的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多餘選項。

Color is fundamental in home design——something you』ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you』ll love to live in. Do you want a room that』s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there』re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They』re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you』re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you』re looking for

C. If you』re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we』re most familiar with

E. It』s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節，滿分45分)

第一節 (共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文後各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

During my second year at the city college，I was told that the ecation department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all ,who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I weren』t 43 enough about free credits,news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game's 46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him: he meant business. In his introction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 ,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he 55 me:「The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .On every single move you have to 58 a situation ,process what your opponent(對手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.」These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.

41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down

42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay

43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired

44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor

45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant

46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest

47.A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat

48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job

49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible

50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe

51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare

52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally

53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment

54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation

55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised

56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill

57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments

58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control

59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate

60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior

第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括弧內單詞的正確形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still rece your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.

第四部分 寫作(共兩節，滿分35分)

第一節 短文改錯（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字元號（Λ），並在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多餘的用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，並在該詞下面寫出修改後的詞。

注意：

1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第l1處起）不計分。

During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, cks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

第二節 書面表達(滿分25分)

假定你是李華，你的紐西蘭朋友Terry將去中國朋友家做客，發郵件向你詢問有關習俗。請你回復郵件。內容包括：
1. 到達時間；
2.合適的禮物；
3. 餐桌禮儀。

注意：
1. 詞數100左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

絕密★啟用前

2018年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試

英 語

1-5 BCCBA 6-10BABCC 11-15ABAAC 16-20BCBCA

21-25ADDBC 26-30CDBCB 31-35CADBA 36-40BADGF

41-45BCADD 46-50CBDCB 51-55CACBA 56-60DBADA

61.longer 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which 67.causes

68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it \running

During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, cks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.

書面表達（略