黑洞的英語閱讀

⑴ 關於黑洞的知識(英語)•

黑洞是現代廣義相對論中，宇宙空間內存在的一種天體。黑洞的引力很大，使得視界內的逃逸速度大於光速。
1916年，德國天文學家卡爾·史瓦西（Karl Schwarzschild）通過計算得到了愛因斯坦引力場方程的一個真空解，這個解表明，如果將大量物質集中於空間一點，其周圍會產生奇異的現象，即在質點周圍存在一個界面——「視界」一旦進入這個界面，即使光也無法逃脫。這種「不可思議的天體」被美國物理學家約翰·阿奇博爾德·惠勒（John Archibald Wheeler）命名為「黑洞」。
「黑洞是時空曲率大到光都無法從其事件視界逃脫的天體」。[1-3]
黑洞無法直接觀測，但可以藉由間接方式得知其存在與質量，並且觀測到它對其他事物的影響。藉由物體被吸入之前的因高熱而放出和γ射線的「邊緣訊息」，可以獲取黑洞存在的訊息。推測出黑洞的存在也可藉由間接觀測恆星或星際雲氣團繞行軌跡取得位置以及質量。
希望我能幫助你解疑釋惑。

⑵ 有關黑洞的英語閱讀

General relativity predicts a particularly dense dark objects. Evolution of massive stars in their late collapse occurs, the dense material in particular, it has one called "event horizon" of the closed border, a black hole hidden in a huge gravitational field, e to the gravitational field so strong, including in particular photon (ie the composition of light particles, the speed c = 3.0 × 10 ^ 8m / s), including any material can only be entered could not escape. The formation of a black hole minimum mass star's core is about three times the solar mass, of course, this is the last star of nuclear quality, rather than main sequence stars in the period of quality. In addition to this stellar-class black hole, there are other sources of black holes - the so-called micro-black holes may be formed in the early universe, the so-called supermassive black holes may exist in the central galaxy.

⑶ 宇宙的英語閱讀

有關宇宙的英語閱讀

關於宇宙，大家都有無限的想像，下面我收集了一些有關宇宙的英語閱讀文章，一起來欣賞一下吧!

【宇宙中可能存在其他“地球”】

The Kepler orbiting observatory was launched with a simple mission - to find other Earths. NASA describes it as 'a search for habitable planets.'

隨著一項簡單的任務，尋找其他“地球”，開普勒軌道天文台啟動。美國宇航局將其描述為“一次對可居住的星球的搜尋”。

And analysis of its first 136 days of data has already begun - with scientists combing through scans of 150,000 stars, and evidence of 1,235 potential planets.

通過掃描瀏覽150,000顆恆星，科學家們已經開始分析梳理頭136天的數據，結果表明有1,235顆可能的行星。

Such information is fascinating in itself - but it also allows scientists to work out projections using statistical analysis.

這類消息本身很吸引人的，但同時也需要科學家們運用數據分析得出推測。

One analysis has predicted that one-third of 'sun-like' stars - stars with the classification F, G or K - will have planets similar to Earth.

一項分析推測，三分之一的類太陽恆星，即F, G 或 K類恆星，將會有類似地球的行星存在。

Traub says, “About one-third of FGK stars are predicted to have at least one terrestrial, habitable-zone planet.”

Traub說：“根據預測，大約三分之一的F, G 或 K類類恆星會至少有一個行星類似地球，擁有可居住區域。”

Traub used statistical analysis to 'predict' planets that had not been detected by Kepler, and whether they would be within the 'habitable zone'. Traub's analysis hints that there may be even more potential 'Earths' orbiting them than previously thought - and that this 'principle' would extend to stars not yet scanned by Kepler.

Traub運用數據分析推測出尚未被開普勒軌道天文台偵察到的行星，同時推測出是否有可居住區域。這項分析暗示，或許有比從前預想的更多的潛在“地球”在進行著軌道運動，這一原則將會拓展到還沒被開普勒軌道天文台掃描到的地區。

Some commenters felt that Traub's 'habitable zones' were too generous, it included planets shrouded in icy clouds of carbon dioxide.

一些批評家們覺得，Traub的“可居住區”太過籠統，還包括了被結冰的二氧化碳雲層籠罩的行星。

The $600 million Kepler spacecraft, which launched in March 2009, is staring continuously at a patch of sky containing about 150,000 stars in the Cygnus constellation.

2009年3月，花費6億美元的開普勒宇宙飛船發射，一直不斷的探測著包含著150,000顆恆星的天鵝座。

The high-tech equipment analyses each stars' light every 30 minutes, watching for telltale dips in brightness which may indicate a planet is crossing its path.

高科技設備分析了每一顆恆星每30分鍾的光，等待他們沐浴在光亮下的跡象，這意味著一刻行星正在通過它的`路徑。

Sophisticated sifting software is used to send the data to earth-bound scientists, who scour the results. As Kepler continues to scan, data - and analyses such as Traub's paper - will continue to become more accurate.

復雜精緻的篩選軟體被用於給地球上的科學家發送數據，他們負責弄清楚結果。隨著開普勒軌道天文台的繼續掃描，數據與分析(例如Traub文件)將會繼續變得更加准確。

【黑洞中可能存在超越人類的文明】

Despite being considered the most destructive force in space and absolutely uninhabitable, the conditions for life exist inside supermassive black holes, a Russian cosmologist has theorised. Vyacheslav Dokuchaev has even suggested that if life did exist inside the SBH, it would have evolved to become the most advanced civilisation in the galaxy.

盡管超大質量黑洞被認為最具破壞力並且絕對無法居住，然而俄羅斯的一名宇宙學家理論上認為，黑洞中有生命存在的條件。Vyacheslav Dokuchaev甚至曾暗示說，如果黑洞中真的有生命存在，他們已經進化成銀河中最先進的文明。

Supermassive black holes are such powerful gravitational forces that they suck in everything around them, including light, and nothing that crosses the black hole's 'event horizon(at the lip of the black hole)' is ever seen again.

超大質量黑洞引力非常強大，會將它周圍的一切都吸進去，任何穿過黑洞視界(即黑洞的邊緣)的東西都將永無再現之日，包括光。

But now Dokuchaev, of Moscow's Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, says existing evidence combined with new research throws up intriguing possibilities for certain types of black holes.

但是現在，莫斯科核研究所俄羅斯科學院的Dokuchaev說，現有證據結合最新的研究引出了對特定類型黑洞來說非常有趣的可能性。

Inside a charged, rotating black hole there are regions where photons can survive in stable periodic orbits. Dokuchaev specialises in studying those orbits and their dynamics.

帶電荷的、旋轉的黑洞中，光子能夠在一些區域內倖存，並且進行穩定的、周期性軌道運行。

He speculates, in a paper published in Cornell University's online journal arXiv, that if there are stable orbits for photons, there is no reason why there could not be stable orbits for larger objects, such as planets.

Dokuchaev在發表在美國康奈爾大學網路期刊arXiv的一篇論文中推測說，如果光子在黑洞中有穩定軌道，比如行星等大的物體在黑洞中沒有穩定軌道是非常沒有理由的。

The problem is that these stable orbits would only exist once you have crossed the threshold of the event horizon, where time and space flow into one another.

問題是，只有曾穿過黑洞視界的臨界才會存在穩定軌道，那裡時間與空間會流入其他地方。

However, beyond the event horizon is another domain, known as the Cauchy horizon, where time and space return to stable states. It is inside the Cauchy horizon that life could exist, Dokuchaev argues in the paper published in arXiv, and the type of life that could exist in those conditions - where they would be subject to massive fluctuating tidal forces - would have evolved beyond ours.

然而，黑洞視界的另一邊是一片被稱作柯西視界的領域，那裡的時空會恢復到穩定狀態。Dokuchaev在發表在arXiv的論文中主張，柯西視界中有生命存在的可能, 而且在那種條件下存活的生命很可能進化的比人類還好，他們可能受支配與巨大的、波動的潮汐力。

Though that is a spine-tingling thought, Dokuchaev's proposition can only ever remain theoretical. Because nothing can ever escape from a black hole e to its enormous gravitational pull, we will never know if it is true.

雖然這是一個令人興奮的想法，可是Dokuchaev的這項議題很可能永遠只停留在理論層面。因為任何事物都無法逃離黑洞的巨大引力，我們永遠也無法知道Dokuchaev的議題是不是真的。

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