六級英語閱讀理解解析
2019年6月大學英語六級閱讀長難句解析
【摘要】我給大家帶來2019年6月大學英語六級閱讀長難句解析(3)，希望對大家有所幫助。
英語六級閱讀長難句解析(3)
1. The higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge. (1990. 6. 閱讀. Text 3)
【譯文】你的職位越高，所從事的行政工作就越多，也就是越重視在組織中的工作能力而非技術能力或專業知識。
【析句】整句話應用了the+比較句，the+比較句的句型，只不過是三個the+比較級的句子形成排比，句與句之間根據一定的邏輯順序排列。The higher you climb the ladder是型賀條件，後面兩句是結果，且後一句比前一句更深入。注意最後一句的主幹是the emphasis on...rather than on...。
2. We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. (1990. 6. 閱讀. Text 4)
【譯文】眾所周知，侍乎普通人白天的正常活動周期是16-17小時的清醒狀態後轉成約7-8小時的睡眠。一般說來，正常情況下睡眠與黑夜時間相一致。
【析句】本句話的主幹是We all know+that賓語從句 and+that賓語從句。具體看來，第一個賓語從句是the normal human daily cycle...is of some alternation with..., 第二個賓語從句是the sleep coincide with...,broadly speaking作插入語。
3. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in instry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. (1990. 6. 閱讀. Text 4)
【譯文】例如，由於工老租悉業自動化要求機器晝夜運轉，人們能否輕松地把白天工作改成晚上工作就成為工業生產中日益重要地問題了。
【析句】復合句。主句是The ease is question of growing importance in instry,the ease後是定語從句with which people can change from...to...，先行詞the ease在定語從句中作with的賓語;而instry後也有where引導的定語從句。
2019年6月大學英語六級閱讀長難句解析
1. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. (1991. 閱讀. Text 1)
【譯文】人落水時，救生衣能否在正確的位置支撐起落水者十分重要，同樣重要的是，即使是在人沒有力氣或是在陷入昏迷的情況下，救生衣也能使面朝下的落水者在水中站起來，或是身體稍微向後仰，使臉離開水面。
【析句】整句話的主幹是The position is most important,as is its tendency to...即由主句和as引導的非限制性定語從句組成。具體看來，主句the position後是介詞+which引導的定語從句，position在定語從句中作in的賓語，因此把in提前到which前。in which定語從句中又有who引導的定語從句修飾a person。as引導的非限制性定語從句中，to turn the wearer from...to...是不定式短語作定語修飾its tendency，with his face clear of the water作伴隨狀語，最後是when引導的時間狀語從句。
2. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim. (1991. 閱讀. Text 1)
【譯文】合身的救生衣任何時候，無論在不在水中，都應該讓穿著者感到舒服，既不會十分笨重，讓人在船隻遇險時不得不脫下救生衣求生，也不應限制落水者游泳自救的靈活性。
【析句】復合句。主句A suitable life perserver should be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water作地點狀語，not so heavy as to encourage...，nor so burdensome是形容詞作伴隨，包含句型not...，nor...;while the ship is in danger作時間狀語從句，而nor後包含短語so...that...。
3. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. (1991. 閱讀. Text 2)
【譯文】這種假設是基於這樣一種謬論：人的天性中就存在遺傳惰性。而事實上，除了特別懶惰的人以外，幾乎沒有人願意掙只相當於最低生活維持費的錢，也沒有人願意飽食終日，無所用心。
【析句】句子主幹是This assumption rests on……;aside from……，there would be very few who would……，and who would……。分號連接兩個並列分句。在第二個分句中，介問短語aside from abnormally(特別地)lazy people作狀語，主句是一個there be存在句，包含兩個並列的由關系代詞who引導的定語從句，修飾few.Rest on在此意為“依據”。aside from相當於“except”，譯為“除了”。
② 英語六級閱讀各類題型解題技巧
1)細節事實題：標志：fact(from the fact we could learn) (we learn from the fact that) 從兩個方面返回英語六級閱讀原文：a.題乾的時間地點人物概念;b.四個選項的共同點。在細節實事題中常見的迷惑手段：單詞替換;常識判斷;顛倒因果;偷換概念;擴大范圍
2)例證題：標志：example,illastration,case/examplify,illastrate,demostrate 返回原文找出該例證(定位)90%向上,10% 向下搜索例證支持的觀點在四個選項中找出與所找到的觀點最一致的一個作為正確答案。
3)詞彙題：標志：在題干中明確指出原文中某處的單詞或片語要求急於解釋判斷該詞是否超綱若未超出大綱則其常見意思必然不是正確答案，其正確答案是根據上下文推測處的一個深刻涵義或生僻涵義若為超綱詞或為大多數人不認識的單詞，則其字面意思或常見意思就是正確答案。怎樣推測不認識的單詞：以該詞為中心，向上向下搜索同詞性的單詞，並將其代入替換看意思是否通順。
4)句子理解題：標志：在題干中明確提出原文中某處的一個句子要求進行理解。返回原文找出該句，並對其意思進行精確理解，必要時進行英語六級閱讀語法分析。正確答案是與原句意思最接近最一致的一個選項。其中不涉及任何推理過程。盡管英語閱讀有“精讀”和“泛讀”之分，然而，無論哪一種閱讀，只有採取了正確的閱讀策略，才能達到你的閱讀目的。
英語六級閱讀各類題型解題技巧小編就說到這里了，更多關於大學英語六級考試備考技巧，備考干貨，新聞資訊，成績查詢，英語六級報名入口，准考證列印入口，准考證列印時間等內容，小編會持續更新。祝願各位考生都能認真備考，順利通過考試。
③ 英語六級考試閱讀理解解題技巧
1.主旨題包括三種題型：中心思想，最佳標題，寫作目的。常見的出題模式為 What's the main idea of this passage? What is the purpose of ……? The best title / the most appropriate title is ……? 雖然題型不同，但解題思路是一致的，方法也是相通的，通常可以採用“重要句解題法”(首段首句、末段末句、二段一句、各段首末句)、“段落大意相加法”、“題干推論法”等。需要注意的是主旨題的設題位置往往是第一題或最後一題 ，而且選項答案通常比較抽象。
2.細節題承載了考試的主要考題，主要考查考生的細致與敏感。主要通過題干關鍵詞的定位尋找文章的對應出題點，然後比較選項得出答案。
3. 推論題的常見模式是What can you infer from this passage? 或What does this passage imply? 推論題的答案往往不是原文某句話的照搬與照抄，而是原文某句話的同義改寫或某幾句話的總結與歸納，與原文一模一樣的答案不能入選。因此了解句子的基本意思，挖掘潛在內涵就是解題的關鍵，至於句子基本意思的理解在第一個境界中已經闡述。
4.猜詞題包括詞彙理解，句子理解和指代理解三種形式。這種題型並不是考查考生的單詞量，而是培養考生能夠利用句子之間的關系以及上下文的聯系推測某個詞、句、代詞的含義。通常解題利用代入法，參考“詞性、 用法、褒貶色彩”三“一致原則”，而往往不選該單詞最基本的意思，深刻或抽象意思才可能是答案。
5. 作者觀點態度題相對比較簡單，通常作者的態度和觀點都會在文章的開頭或結尾呈現，當然不能完全排除作者在通篇文中有觀點轉換的可能，一般來說考生掌握常見的觀點態度詞就行，例如：objective, optimistic, impersonal, neutral, positive等。
英語六級考試閱讀理解解題技巧小編就說到這里了，更多關於英語六級考試的備考技巧，備考干貨，新聞資訊，成績查詢，英語六級准考證列印入口，准考證列印時間等內容，小編會持續更新。祝願各位考生都能認真備考，順利通過考試。
④ 2019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案(11-12)
2019年英語六級閱讀理解裂飢試題庫及答案(11)
In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?"賀謹 he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief."
As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The "ignorant natives" may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought "pure" pictures of "primitive" cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.
These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine'肆拍返s photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only "kindly" visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of "an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict."
Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.
練習題
1. The main idea of the passage is ______________.
[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners』 perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.
[B] There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.
[C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.
[D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.
2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________.
[A] took pictures with the natives
[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
[C] ask for pictures from the natives
[D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses
3. The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to ___________.
[A] show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.
[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
[C] show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.
[D] show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.
4. 「But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.」 In this sentence, the 「one [culture] that stares back」 refers to _______.
[A] the indigenous culture
[B] the Western culture
[C] the academic culture
[D] the news business culture
5. With which of the following statements would Cat
herine Lutz most probably agree?
[A] Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.
[B] The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.
[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
[D] People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners』 perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.
解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時，為了不與西方讀者的中產階級價值觀發生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，並不是真正客觀公正地反映經濟發展水平較為落後的社會中人們的生活。他們經常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個西方讀者想像中的，經濟不發達的，有異域風情的，沒有痛苦和階級斗爭的經濟落後社會的畫面。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映飢荒，戰爭，災害的照片，以滿足西方媒體「只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片」的默契。
2. 答案是[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
解析：文章第二段說，When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.可見早期到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當地的情況誇大其詞。在照相機發明之後，科學家能更好地客觀反映那些遠方地區的真實情況。
3. 答案是[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項奧斯卡大獎的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》(導演：DAVID LEAN)中的一個片段。該電影本來與作者要講的題目並無直接關系。作者僅僅通過一個電影中描述的場景來說明一個論點。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會，那裡的人們對現代的文明，和從沒見過的現代文明的產物容易產生誤解。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機，因為他懷疑，那從未見過的玩意兒會偷走他的「美好品德(VIRTUE)」。但是，作者在下文說，那些土著居民的擔心並非全無道理。因為西方的記者和學者們，為了描繪一個西方人心目中固有的土著社會(或者經濟發展欠發達社會)的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，並且有意迎合西方中產階級的趣味。在短文中，作者有時候並不開宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩歌，書籍，電影，歌曲等，引起讀者對其討論話題的興趣，然後再引入主題。並不是每一篇文章都會開門見山，讀者不應該把每篇文章的首尾句都當成對文章大意的總結。
4. 答案是[A] the indigenous culture
解析：But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.本句是文章切入主題的重點句。考生應該格外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現的，以轉折詞(例如，HOWEVER， BUT，NEVERTHELESS， NONETHELESS等)開頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統論點，或者普遍看法的關鍵地方。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學家拍攝的照片展現的與其說是那個盯視著照相機的(被拍攝的)文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機的(西方)文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方攝影者的偏見和對落後文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價值觀，並不是完全真實客觀的那些不發達社會的寫照。這句話基本上是對文章中心意思的總結。如果對文章的主題有大致的認識，就不會將本題選錯。
5. 答案是[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
解析：Catherine Lutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她們在書中寫道，《國家地理》雜志自從1888年創刊以來，就一直刊登那些不和美國中產階級白人的價值觀發生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對象。她們認為，這樣做的後果就是，在那些西方主流雜志中展現的，似乎是相對而言沒有痛苦的，也不存在階級斗爭的社會。因此答案C The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies(西方媒體並沒有展現落後地區的真實畫面)最能表現該作者的觀點。
2019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案(12)
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection proce
ss of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that ring medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
練習題
1. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
[A] Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.
[B] We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.
[C] We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.
[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
2. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because ____________.
[A] The medical profession is based on trust.
[B] There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.
[C] The medical profession depends on the government.
[D] Cheating exists extensively in medical schools.
3. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?
[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.
[B] Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.
[C] Parents are always to blame for their children』s cheating behaviour.
[D] Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.
4. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
[A] Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
[D] There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.
5. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?
[A] Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.
[B] Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
[D] Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
解析：文章第一段說，Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫學院作弊現象的嚴重程度，也不甚明了如何對該類現象進行預防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的)，那麼[A][B][C]所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯誤選項。只有[D]的敘述正確。
2. 答案是[A] The medical profession is based on trust.
解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認為，醫學的基礎就是誠信。在醫學院就作弊的學生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫學以誠信為本的性質就決定了， 對醫學院的作弊行為應該堅決打擊。[B]項說的是打擊作弊行為的結果，而不是原因。[C]醫學依靠政府，[D]醫學院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內容。
3. 答案是[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.
解析：[A]的內容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現象的根源時，結論是，作弊現象存在，原因是多方面的。學生在上醫學院之前受到的家庭，社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項[A]的內容。[B][C][D]的說法雖然都有道理，但是都過於絕對。學校的環境，家長的教育，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是決定性的。Leading，always，primarily之類的用詞決定了它們都不是最佳選項。
4. 答案是[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
解析：[A]「醫學院應該確立明確道德標准，淘汰道德素質低下的申請者」是錯誤選項。因為文章談到如何甄別申請醫學院學生的道德素質的時候，作者用的是虛擬語氣have的過去式had(if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance)：如果能有可靠的標准，能預先了解學生的道德水平，醫學院在錄取的時候應該照顧那些恪守道德准則的學生。可見目前並沒有這樣的標准可循。[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.和文章的內容相反。因為文章明確地說Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]項錯，因為文章的本意是，醫學院的學生在學期間，道德素質不僅不會提高，而且可能下降(regress)。但是作者並沒有說，醫學院在提高學生素質方面無計可施，而是敦促學校採取相應措施，imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity，(增強未來的醫師們的道德感)。
5. 答案是[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
解析：[C]項和文章最後一段的The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing相呼應。[A]錯，因為作者沒有建議醫(轉載自中國教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net，請保留此標記。)學院應該降低考試難度。[B]的敘述不準確，因為作者的本意是醫學界的要人應該樹立楷模，而不是讓他們設定一套人人遵循的行規。[D]錯，作者僅提議醫學院對有違反道德准則學生的處罰應該是堅決，公正，透明和統一的。作者並沒有明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開除出校。
⑤ 2017年英語六級閱讀理解：Smother Love
Smother Love
Every morning,Leanne Brickland and he sister would bicycle to school with the same words ringing in their ears:「watch out crossing the road.Don't speak to strangers」.「Mum would stand at the top of the steps and call that out,」says Brickland,now a primary-school teachet and mother of four from Rotorua,New Zealand.Substitute boxers and thongs for undies(內衣),and the nagging fears that haunt parents haven't really changed.What has altered,dramatically,is the confidence we once had in our children's ability to fling themselves at life without a grown-up holding their hands
行塌Worry-ridden Parents and Stifled Kids
檔返圓By today'sstandards,the childhood freedoms Brickland took for granted practically verge on parental neglect.Her mother worked,so she and her sister had a key to let themselves in after school and were expected todo their homework and put on the potatoes for dinner.At the family's beach house near Wellington,the two girls,from the age of five or six,would disappear for hours to play in the lakes and sands.
A generation later,Brickland's children are growing up in a world more inlged yet more accustomed to peril.The techno-minded generation of PlayStation kids who can conquer entire armies and rocket through spacecan't even be trusted to cross the street alone.「I worry about the road.I worry about strangers.In some ways I think they'世尺re missing out,but I like to be able to see them, to know where they are and what they'redoing.」
Call it smother love,inlged-kid syndrome,parental neurosis(神經症).Even though today's children have the universe at their fingertips thanks to the Internet,their physical boundaries are shrinking at a rapid pace.According to British social scientist Mayer Hillman,a child's play zone has contracted so radically that we're procing the human equivalent of henhouse chickens-plump from lack of exercise and without the flexibility and initiative of freerange kids of the past.The spirit of our times is no longer the resourceful adventurer Tom Sawyer but rather the worry-ridden dad and his stifled only child in Finding Nemo.
In short,child rearing has become an exercise in risk minimization,represented by stories such as the father who refused to allow his daughter on a school picnic to the beach for fear she might drown.While it's natural for a parent to want to protect their children from danger,you have to wonder;Have we gone too far?
Parents Wrap Kids up in Cotton Wool
A study concted by Paul Tranter,a lecturer in geography at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra,showed that while Australian and New Zealand children had similar smounts of unsupervised freedom,it was far less than German of English kids.For example,only a third of ten-year-olds in Australia and New Zealand were allowed to visit places other than school alone,compared to 80 percent in Germany.
Girls were even more restricted than boys,with parents fearing assault or molestation(騷擾),while traffic dangers were seen as the greatest threat to boys.Bike ownership has doubled in a generation,but「independent mobility」---the ability to roam and explore unsupervised---has radically declined.In Auckland,for example,many primary schools have done away with bicycle racks because the streets are considered too unsafe.And in Christchurch,New Zealand's most bike-friendly city,the number of pupils cycling to school has fallenfrom more than 90 percent in the late 1970s to less than 20 percent.Safely strapped into the family 4x4,children are instead driven from home to the school gate,then off to ballet,soccer or swimming lessons--rarely straying from watchful alt eyes.
In the U.S.Journal of Physical Ecation,Recreation&Dance,New Jersey assistant principal and hockey coach Bobbie Schultz writes that playing in the street after school with neighbourhood kids--creating their own rules,making their own decisions and settling disputes--was where the real learning took place.「The street was one of the greatest sources of my life skills,」she says.「I don't see『on-the-street play』anymore.I see alt-organized activities.Parents don't realize what an integral part of character development their children are missing.」
Armoured with bicycle helmets,car seats,「safe」playgrounds and sunscreen,children are getting the messageloud and clear that the world is full or peril--and that they're ill-equipped to handle it alone.Yet research consistently shows young people are much more capable than we think,says professor Anne Smith,directorof New Zealand's Children's Issues Centre.「The thing that many alts have difficulty with is that children can't learn to be grown-up if they're excluded and protected all the time.」
Ecational psychologist Paul Prangley reckons it's about time the kid gloves came off.He believes parenting has taken on a paranoid(患妄想狂的)edge that's creating a generation of naive,insecure youngsters whoare subconsciously being taught they're incapable of handing things by themselves.「Flexibility and the ability to resist pressure and temptation are learned skills,」Prangley explains.「If you wrap kids up in cotton wool and don't give them the opportunity to take risks,they're less equipped to make responsible decisions later in life.」
Parents Should Gain Proper Perspective
Sadly,high-profile cases of children being kidnapped and murdered--such as ten-year-old Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in the United Kingdom;five-year-old Chloe Hoson in Australia,whose body was found just 200 metres from where she lived;and six-year-old Teresa Cormack in New Zealand,who was snatched off the street on her way to school--only serve to reinforce parents'fears.Teresa Cormack's death,for example,was one of the rare New Zealand cases of random child kidnap.In Australia,the odds of someone under the age of 15 being murdered by a stranger have been estimated at one in four million.A child is at far greater risk from afamily member or someone they know.
However,parental fear is contagious.In one British study,far more children feared an attack by a stranger than being hit by a car.「We are losing our sense of perspective,」write Jan Parker and Jan Stimpson in their parenting book,Raising Happy Children.「Every parent has to negotiate their own route between equipping children with the skills they need to stay safe and not restricting or terrifying them unnecessarily in the process.」
Dr.Claire Freeman,a planning expert at the University of Otago,points to the erosion of community responsibility as another casualty of that mutual distrust.Not so long ago,alts knew all the local kids and werethe informal guardians of the neighbourhood.「Now,particularly if you are a man,you may hesitate to offer help to a lost child for fear your motives might be questioned.」
More Space and More Attention to Kid's Needs
As a planner in the mid-1990s,Freeman became concerned about the loss of green space to development and the erosion of informal places to play.In a study that looked at how children in the British city of Leeds spent their summer holidays,compared with their parents' childhood experiences,she found the freedom to explore had been severely contracted--in some cases,down to the front yard.Freeman says she cannot remember being inside the house as a child,or being alone.Growing up was about being part of a group.Now a mother offour,Freeman believes the 「domestication of play」is robbing kids of their sense of belonging within a society.
Nevertheless,Freeman says children's needs are starting to get more emphasis.In the Netherlands,child-friendly 「home zones」have been created where priority is given to pedestrians,rather than cars.And ponds arebeing incorporated back into housing estates on the principle that children should learn to be safe aroundwater,rather than be surrounded by a barren landscape.After all ,as one of the smarter fosh says in Finding Nemo there's one problem with nothing ever will.
1.According to Brickland,parents nowadays have changed their____________.
A)standards of the children's proper dressing
B)worry about the children's personal safety
C)ways to communicate with children
D)confidence in the children's ability
2.When Brickland and her sister were little,they kept the home key because_____________.
A)they wanted to be trusted
B)their mother had to work
C)their mother didn't live at home
D)they were very naughty and wild
3.Mayer Hillman indicates that children now have less and less_____________.
A)space for playing
B)contact with animals
C)concern about others
D)knowledge about nature
4.Paul Tranter finds that eighty percent of the children were allowed to visit places other than school alone in_____________.
A)Australia
B)New Zealand
C)Germany
D)Britain
5.What is ranked by parents as the greatest threat to boys?
A)Gang crimes.
B)Online games.
C)Extreme sports.
D)Dangerous traffics.
6.Bobbie Schultz points out that real learning takes place in______________.
A)on-the-street play
B)alt-organized activities
C)student-centered teaching
D)home and nature
7.What accident had happened to a little girl called Chloe Hoson?
A)She was robbed on her way to school.
B)She was kidnapped and murdered.
C)She fell a victim to domestic violence.
D)She disappeared for no reason.
8.Claire Freeman thinks that lack of mutual trust results in__________________.
9.Freeman concludes that kids are robbed of their sense of belonging to the society by___________________.
10.Netherlands has placed the rights of pedestrians before those of cars in such areas called____________.
答案：
1.[D][定位]首段末句。
解析：題止中的changed與原文該句中的altered為同義詞，可見altered的賓語confidence為答案的關鍵間，在4個選項中，只有D與confidence有關，為本題答案。A中的dressing試圖將考生的注意力轉移到首段倒數第2句的boxers(四腳褲)和undies(內衣)，雖然這兩個詞比較陌生，但看到該句末的haven't changed，就無須考慮太多，可以肯定A並非本題答案。其他兩個選項的內容在原文並未提及。
2.[B][定位]根據題干中的Brickland, her sister及home key定位到第1個小標題Worry-ridden Parents and Stifled Kids下首段第2句。
解析：原文該句中的...so...表明了與題干要求的同樣的因果關系，so前面提到的原因與B相同，因此本題應選B。其他選項均來提及。
3.[A][定位]根據題干中的Mayer Hillman定位到笫1個小標題Worry-ridde Parents and Stifled Kids下第3段第3句。
解析：該句中的contracted與less and less意思相近，與contracted前的play zone
同義的選項為本題答案，因此A為本題答案。要小心B。原文該句中提到的henhouse chickens可能會誤導考生選擇B.事宴上，henhouse chickens用於比喻受過分保護的小孩，與animals沒有關系。
4.[C][定位]根據題干中的allowed to visit places 和school alone定位到第2個小標題Parents Wrap Kids up in Cotton Wool下首段末句。
解析：原文該段提到多個國家的名稱，只要按照題干中的eighty percent，再結合選項中的國家名稱。應該很快可以確定本題答案為C。
5.[D][定位]根據the greatest threat to boys定位到第2個小標題Parents Wrap Kids up in Cotton Wool下第2段首句。
解析：原文該句while引出的分句明確表明traffic dangers是對男孩最大的安全威脅，D是對traffic dangers的同義改寫，為本題答案。
6.[A][定位]根據題干中的Bobbie Schultz和rcal learning定位到第2個小標題Parents Wrap Kids up in Cotton Wool下第3段首句和第3句。
解析：將首句中破折號前後的內容結合起來可以知道playing in the street after school with neighbourhood kids就是真正學到本領的地方。在該段第3句Bobbie Schultz將此簡稱為on-the-street play，因此A為本題答案。
7.[B][定位]根據題干中的Chloe Hoson定位到第3個小標題Parents Should Gain Proper Perspective下首段首句。
解析：該句笫2個分句中的body暗示Chloe Hoson被murdered(該句開頭提到的)，因此本題應選B。本段提到的是kidnap和murder，其他選項提到的各種罪案在原文並未提及。
8.[the erosion of community responsibility]
[定位]根據題干中的Claire Freeman和mutual定位到第3個小標題Parents Should Gain Proper Perspective下末段首句。
解析：空白處應為名詞(片語)。原文該句中的...as another casualty of...，表明mutual distrust導致the erosion of community responsibility，題目中的lack of mutual trust是對mutual distrust的同義改寫，由此可見，the erosion of community responsibility為本題答案。
9.[the「domestication of play」]
[定位]根據題干中的Freeman和kids are robbed of their sense定位到最後一個小標題More Space and More Attention to Kids』Needs下首段末句。
解析：空白處應為名詞(片語)。對比原文與題目可見，兩個句子的語態相反：原文rob為主動語態，而題目中rob為被動語態，兩句的主語和賓語位置相反，所以原文rob的主語the「domestication of play」即為本題答案。
10.[child-friendly「home zones」]
[定位]根據題干中的The Netherlands和pedestrians定位到最後一個小標題 More Space and More Attention to Kids' Needs下末段第2句。
解析：空白處應為名詞(片語)。題干與原文中where引出的定語從句內容相同，兩句對比可見.題目中缺少了原句中的主語child-friendly「home zones」。
⑥ 6月大學英語六級真題及答案解析「閱讀理解」
Section A選詞填空
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. "The adolescent becomes an alt when he26__________ a real job." To cognitive researchers like Piaget, althood meant the beginning of an27__________ .
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The28__________ of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become29__________ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: "True adaptation to society comes30__________ when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work."
Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken31__________ out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh. What he was32__________ , however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available ring times of33__________ , adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents34__________ about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically __35__ but also help to stimulate the adolescent's sense of worth.
A. automatically
B. beneficial
C. capturing
D. confused
E. emphasizing
F. entrance
G. excited
H. existence
I. incidentally
J. intolerant
K. occupation
L. promises
M. recession
N. slightly
O. undertakes
Section B段落匹配
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A] our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (環保主義者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world's most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C] "The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F] If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably— working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, proced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling (大量消耗) transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod (鱈魚) provided abundant raw material for an instry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an instry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J] There is a view that modem humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet's environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K] Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not
united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily; "In the instrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to instrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It's simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M] Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food They also, however, use far more natural resources—fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country's wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they proce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O] Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
36. Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37. Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38. It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39. The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40. Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42. Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43. A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44. Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations's economic development.
45. One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
Section C仔細閱讀
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the instry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant (除臭劑), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
46. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years(Lines 4-5, Para. 1)?
A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
47. What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV advertising program?
A. Pretty positive.
B. Totally indifferent.
C. Somewhat doubtful.
D. Rather critical.
48. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B. It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49. What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?
A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C. It helps attract investments in the company.
D. It has boosted the TV advertising instry.
⑦ 2018下半年英語六級閱讀SectionC部分真題解析
2018下半年英語六級閱讀SectionC部分真題解析
一、真題解析——智能手機
第一篇文章，串聯題干，目前我們做的智能手機負面影響，串聯題干給我們很好的方向，What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?這是討論智能手機，前面討論的是不好的影響。有不好的地方，會提出意見改進，四級、六級都是反復套路，這是我們學習的目的。
第二題，除了沒有那麼明顯的一些優勢，說明有優勢，我們手機技術怎麼樣，到了第三題，一些傳統對於心理psychological，考一個詞彙，認識它肯定對於你做題有很大的幫助，畢竟它能夠幫助你理解文章，做題效率高，如果不理解，就是定位點。它會出現在接下來三道題，甚至會超過手機。這里討論手機和心理學之間的聯系。它問傳統心理學研究方式，接下來會有新舊對比，誰改變了的呢?最有可能的是手機。
目前傳統、現在，都是在課程裡面，反復給大家提到過，談一個事情利弊，談另外一個事情的過去與現在。
看我們給出的答案，第一個題說負面影響怎麼樣，It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.它盡管沒有那麼明顯，其實已經引起了很多人的關注。注意，這是我們原文當中，在第三段當中明確談到的一個話題，就是細節，幾乎沒有改寫。這個關鍵詞叫less obvious ，我們題干信息當中已經提示你了，你思考一下lessobvious，因為題干信息一定是文章當中正確信息，我們串聯題乾的時候只看題干，不看選項，選項裡面有錯誤。如果某個選項跟題干保持一致，這個選項很難是錯誤的，這就是我們考試背後所隱藏的應試規律，這個規律就是課程當中的解題技巧。
第二題，面對沒有那麼明顯的優勢，我們要考慮它什麼樣的內容，這道題，我們談一些事情，文章當中的主要矛盾，你考試的時候一定有印象，有一個概念被反復提到，human behavior，就是人類行為，人類行為跟什麼有關系，後面三四五都講心理學，這個單詞還可以提示你這道題的答案，如果你不認識這個單詞，這個方法就用不到，你還可以通過閱讀文章找到反復強調核心內容，反復強調的是重點，重點是考點。
第三題，我們傳統心理學研究怎麼樣，往後閱讀就知道，我們現在一定用到科技手段，用到手機。傳統呢?It relies on lab observations and participants』 reports.傳統依賴於實業，以及參與人自己的勞動，一是技術，一是人工勞動。
第四題，對於未來心理學的研究，對於我們個體帶來什麼樣的好處，這道題典型是細節定位，有一個詞pin，訂書機，意思就是幫你確定下來，對應文章當中的單詞identify，這個選項考你的單詞同義替換。
第五題，目前心理學越來越關注真實情況，真實情況跟什麼東西相關呢?手機，所有人都用智能手機，每個人的手機都會有數據，這是活生生的案例，而不需要把一幫人關在實驗室。
串聯題干，有非常明顯的邏輯關系，西方人邏輯就是骨子當中，不像中國人，中國人形散神更散，中國人留給世界是詩詞，西方人是數學，是有邏輯的，這些體現在他們的文字當中，文章裡面，閱讀的本質是邏輯。
這些東西都會在唐叔公眾號詳細闡述，我們接下來一個禮拜，一方面梳理考研當中重點出現的單詞，在我公眾號，還要強調邏輯關系，這個邏輯關系可以幫你躍掉很多單詞給你造成的障礙。
二、真題解析——杜克大學的研究
我們看第二篇，各個題干沒有給出第一篇那麼多提示信息，目前杜克大學的研究，研究結果是什麼，為什麼確定這個研究結果是有效的。這道題是難題，它出現了定位錯亂，不太好找位置，我們在課堂當中給出一個至高無上的寶典，細節服從主旨，細節在哪裡，都是談到杜克大學的研究，意味著這兩個題目的答案應該是高度保持一致的。
第三題，我們沒有發現它的研究怎麼樣，全篇文章都在談論這個研究，一定記住，關於科學研究性的文章，實驗本身的過程不重要，重要的是結果，我們閱讀文章的時候，老說時間不夠，你關注一下這篇文章原文，當中有大量出現的過程，我怎麼知道是過程，大量數據，你可以快速掃過去，你就知道不是結論。
其中有一道題和目前網上公布的答案，個人看來跟他們不一樣，有爭議。
第一題，這是我們文章當中考的反復強調的核心，The predictors of children』s academicsuccess.，抓住核心，主要矛盾，比較其他選項的時候都沒有談到學術成就。往後梳理所有答案，這個學術成就再次出現。
第二題，如何確保這些證明是有效的，這道題考生現場很有可能沒有找到定位點，這道題定位點出現第三題後邊，顛三倒四。
第三題，研究結果怎麼樣，What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?，關注兩個詞，一個是academic ，前面出現過的，一個是suffer ，你的學術結果可能遭殃，注意力不集中，文章開宗明義討論的是孩子注意力會影響到後天學習成績，這兩個詞又是我們文章當中翻來覆去談到的。只有我們這一個選項，同時涉及到這兩個主要矛盾。
還有一個特別容易出現高頻選項的單詞，may ，語氣特別緩和。
倒數第二道題，我強調反復出現是重點，重點是考點，細節服從主旨，抓住這些，學術成績更好。
最後這道題，我的答案和網上答案不一樣，我給的結論叫an all-round approach should be adopted in school ecation，全方位的方法需要在學校教育當中被採納，網上第二題和唐叔結論保持一致，你體會一下，如何保證現在的研究是正確的呢?我們賦予了其他很多可能的變數，不是一個研究說了算，有很多的研究，你來看一下，其他的研究也都很重要。合在一塊，叫全方位，需要考慮各式各樣的因素。網上爭議答案談到，我們去關注人際之間是非常重要的因素，我個人認為有失偏頗，不是這篇文章討論的核心，討論的核心是這點很重要，那點也很重要，正確答案和正確答案之間不能存在矛盾分析。
⑧ 大學英語六級考試閱讀理解分析 - 六級閱讀
1.大綱要求
六級考試大綱對閱讀理解題的要求為：既能理解個別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯關系；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隱含的意思；既能理解事實和細節，也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的內容進行判斷，推理和信息轉換。
2.六級考試閱讀理解題的特點
a.考試時間為35分鍾，共20題，每題2分，共計40分。閱讀理解主要有四篇短文，短文的長度平均為350詞左右，總閱讀量為1400詞左右，閱讀速度平均為70Wpm(word per minute)
b.閱讀理解的題材廣泛，體裁多種，題型多樣。閱讀理解的題材廣泛，內容包羅萬象,如有關動植物、人物傳記、歷史、文化、環境、資源、交通、醫學、經濟、信息等方面。總體上說，其題材主要集中在科普知識，社會文化和經濟生活三方面。閱讀理解的體裁有敘述文、議論文、說明文等，通過歷年試題的分析我們發現六級閱讀文章主要是議論文和說明文。閱讀理解的題型主要有主觀性題型和客觀性題型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者語氣、態度型、結論型等。後者主要包括事實型、推測詞義型、指代關系型、常識題、是非題等。
讀理解題的復習方法
（1）培養良好的閱讀習慣
這里主要強調讀者要始終以一種積極的心態去閱讀。我們閱讀的目的是獲取知識信息，了解他人對有關問題的態度和看法，所以閱讀時我們應培養對新的知識信息的自覺的敏銳感，對作者的觀點和態度進行批判性的分析；跟上作者的寫作思路，從已讀的部分可以預知作者下面要講的內容；辨別文章中哪些是作者的論畝檔點，哪些是事實和論據。只要我們平時能養成這樣的閱讀習慣，就不會被淹沒在作者所呈現的各種事實和材料中；考試時就能應付各種類型的問題；也就能夠更加有意識地略過那些自己不甚明了但不影響基本閱讀任務的完成的部分。
（2）廣泛涉獵，了解有關背景知識
閱讀理解試題在其種程度上不僅僅是對考生英語語言水平的考查，同時也是對考生知識面及知識結構的考查。如有些雹耐純考生對短文中的詞彙和語法結構基本上都知道了，但是對其真正的涵義即隱含的意思卻模稜兩可，似懂非懂，做題目時便舉棋不定。這主要是對短文的背景知識不了解，甚至一竅不通的結果。所以考生在平時應廣泛閱讀，特別是一些自己比較生疏的領域，如某些科技知識等。如果考生對背景內容比較熟悉，讀起來就比較順利，對文章的理解也比較透徹，做起題目也會得心應手。再如本考題中有推測文章來源的題目，則需要考生有一定的文體知識，如演講、社論、新聞、書評、教科書、科技論文等的內容特點和語言特點。總之，廣泛涉獵，了解一些背景知識，即有助於增加語感，對短文的理解又有助於提高閱讀的速度。
（3）防止「題海」戰術，注意提高閱讀速度和解題技巧。
有些考生誤認為練習做得越多，在考試中閱讀理解題的得分也就越高。其時不然，如不注意閱讀速度和解題技巧，便會事倍功半。
(a) 由於考試時的心理因素或其它因素的干憂，所以考生在平時練習時應把握好測試時間，按略高於考源咐試要求的速度即70wpm進行練習。
(b) 在解題時考生還應注意題型，對於不同的題型應採取不同的解題思路和技巧。如：
a. 主旨題。其命題方式中含有「main idea, subject, purpose」等詞，做這種題時，主要是看篇章中的主題句或者是從篇章的結構著手，利用自己的推理能力，對文章的信息進行分析，從而歸納總結出主題。
b. 推理題。通過對文字表面的認識，把握住推理范圍，利用相關部分提供的事實、背景知識和常識，保持正確的思維過程和遵循嚴格的邏輯規律，從而做出正確的選擇。
c. 作者語氣、態度、觀點型。判斷作者的觀點和態度主要是通過說話的語氣、文章的措詞、文體等，同時也應注意語篇中的修辭。
d. 對於細節問題，應首先找到它的考查點，然後根據它的命題規律答題。這類題的題干+答案在意義上通常等於原文中某一部分的內容，也就是說用不同的表達方式使題干+答案與原文等值。所用的方法大致有釋義、使用同義詞、反義詞或片語、利用詞彙的同現、復現、上、下義詞以及句式和語態的轉換等等。干擾項要麼與文章中的事實或觀點截然相反，要麼與文章所述的事實或觀點部分不符，要麼在文章中根本沒有涉及。總之，題目不在於做的「多」，而在於做的「精」，「精」就精在閱讀速度和解題技巧。
考生臨場注意事項
1.克服對生詞的恐懼心理。在閱讀中，如遇到生詞，應利用詞彙學知識（如「前綴、後綴」）、句法語義知識和根據上下文來進行推測，對於不影響篇章理解的生詞可跳過。
2.做題前應先用掃描法弄清問題的類型及出題角度，再帶著問題看短文，注意與問題有關的信息詞及與問題有關的段落范圍。
3.做題時，應注意不同的題型採取不同的策略，以提高解題的速度和准確率。
總而言之，考生在平時應注意復習方法，在考試中應注意應試技巧，希望閱讀理解題能成為您進軍六級的「階梯」，而不是「攔路虎」。
⑨ 2017年英語六級閱讀理解：eBay
eBay
eBay is a global phenomenon-the world's largest garage sale, online shopping center, car dealer and auction site with 147 million registered users in 30 countries as of March 2005. You can find everything from encyclopedias to olives to snow boots to stereos to airplanes for sale. And if you stumble on it before the eBay overseers do, you might even find a human kidney or a virtual date.
eBay Basics
eBay is, first and foremost. an online auction site. You can browse through categories like Antiques, Boats, Clothing & Accessories, Computers & Networking,Jewelry &握衡 Watches and Video Games. When you see something you like, you click on the auction title and view the details, including pictures, descriptions,payment options and shipping information.
If you place a bid on an item,you enter a contractual agreement to buy it if you win the auction. All auctions have minimum starting bids, and some have a reserve price-a secret minimum amount the seller is willing to accept for the item. If the bidding doesn't reach the reserve price, the seller doesn't have to partwith the item. In addition to auctions, you can find tons of fixed-price items on eBay that make shopping there just like shopping at any other online marketplace. You see what you like, you buy it, you pay for it and you wait for it to arrive at your door.
You can pay for an item on eBay using a variety of methods, including money order, cashier's check, cash, personal check and electronic payment services like PayPal and BidPay. It's up to each seller to decide which payment methods he'll accept.
段岩做棗返Just as you can buy almost anything on eBay, you can sell almost anything, too. Using a simple listing process, you can put all of the junk in your basement up for sale to the highest bidder. When you sell an item on eBay,you pay listing fees and turn over a percentage of the final sale price to eBay.
Once you register (for free) with eBay, you can access all of your eBay buying and selling activities in asingle location called "My eBay."
eBay Infrastructure
A series of service disruptions in 1999 caused real problems for eBay's business. Over the course of threedays, overloaded servers intermittently shut down, meaning users couldn't check auctions, place bids or complete transactions ring that period. Buyers, sellers and eBay were very unhappy, and a complete restructuring of eBay's technological architecture Followed.
In 1999, eBay was one massive database server and a few separate systems running the search function. In 2005, eBay is about 200 database servers and 20 search servers.
The architecture is a type of grid computing that allows for both error correction and growth. With the exception of the search function, everything about eBay can actually run on approximately 50 servers-Web servers,application servers and data-storage systems. Each server has between 6 and 12 microprocessors. These50 0r so servers run separately, but they talk to each other,so everybody knows if there is a problem somewhere. eBay can simply add servers to the grid as the need arises.
While the majority of the site can run on 50 servers,eBay has four times that.The 200 servers are housed in sets of 50 in four locations,all in the United States. When you're using eBay, you may be talking to anyone of those locations at any time-they all store the same data. If one of the systems crashes. there are three others to pick up the slack.
When you're on the eBay Web site and you click on a listing for a Persian rug, your computer talks to Web servers, which talk to application servers, which pull data from storage servers so you can find out what the latest bid price is and how much time is left in the auction. eBay has local partners in many countries who deliver eBay's static data to cut down on download time, and there are monitoring systems in 45 cities around the world that constantly scan for problems in the network.
Using eBay: Security
In order to make buyers feel safer when making purchases on eBay, all tangible (有形的) items are automatically insured for $200. A recipe that was supposed to be delivered to you via e-mail is not considered a tangible item.But if you purchased a set of speakers that never arrived, and you go through the dispute process and eBay determines you were defrauded (欺騙)， you can get your money back up to $200.
Buyer Fraud
Buyer fraud is typically less damaging than seller fraud. The most common type of fraud a buyer can commitis simply not paying for an item. Sellers can deal with non-paying bidders by filing an Unpaid Item dispute. eBay will then attempt to contact the buyer and get her to pay. If she does not respond to eBay's attempts after eight days, the seller is reimbursed(賠償) for eBay's cut of the final sale price and can relistthe item for free. If the buyer does respond, the dispute can end in one of three ways:
The buyer decides to pay, and everybody's happy.
The buyer and the seller decide together to abandon the transaction,the seller gets reimbursed for the final-value fee and relists the item for free,and everybody's happy.
The seller decides noe to deal with the buyer, the buyer gets an unpaiditem strike against her, and the seller gets reimbursed for the final-value fee and relists the item for free.
In the end, the damage to the seller is relatively small. Another type of buyer fraud occurs when a buyer sends false payment. In most cases,this is in the form of a bounced check, and the seller finds out about it before shipping the item. Bounced checks are as common on eBay as they are in the rest of the world, and many sellers choose not to accept personal checks for this reason.
Seller Fraud
Seller fraud is what most people think about when they worry about using eBay. There are two main ways in which a buyer can be defrauded by a seller: The item the buyer purchased is dramatically different from how it was described in the listing; or the item simply never arrives.
One thing to keep in mind when you think you've been defrauded is that miscommunication is common on eBay.For instance, if you didn't read every word of the auction listing for your item, you may have missed the part that said the seller would be out of town for three weeks and wouldn't be able to ship the item untilshe returned. This could be why you don't have your item and the seller isn't answering your e-mails. Also,e-mail is not the most straightforward form of communication. If your item hasn't arrived after two weeks, and you've e-mailed the seller but haven't heard back, it's a good idea to check your junk mail folder. Your seller may have sent a response e-mail that just never made it to your inbox. If there's nothing fromthe seller in your junk folder, you can request that eBay reveal your seller's phone number so you can give him a call and see what's going on.
If you don't get an answer to your phone call (or if your seller lives in another country and it would cost too much money to call), your next step is to start the dispute process. When a buyer believes he has been defrauded, he can file a complaint, and eBay will work to solve the problem. When you file a complaint in eBay's "Item Not Received or Significantly Not as Described" system,eBay will act as middleman between you and your seller to try to settle the dis pute. lf that fails, you can file a claim to get reimbursed for your purchase.
1. Which of the following may be banned by eBay overseers?
A) Virtual dates.
B) Any over-priced procts.
C) Priceless antiques.
D) Rare animals for pets.
2.Sellers have the right to refuse the deal if the offer is lower tban__________________.
A) the minimum starting bid
B) the reserve price
C) the average market price
D) the wholesale cost
3.PayPal and BidPay are special names for_____________________.
A) money orders
B) cashier's checks
C) personal checks
D) electronic payment services
4.On eBay, you buy or sell an item at______________________.
A) My Account
B) My Market
C) My Store
D) My eBay
5.At present, each of eBay's server is equipped with_______________microprocessors.
A) 200
B) about 50
C) 6 to 12
D) 20
6.When you click on a listing on the eBay Web site,your computer first com municates to______________.
A) search servers
B) Web servers
C) application servers
D) storage servers
7.A recipe is not considered tangible item if________________.
A) it is delivered later than the contracted time
B) it never arrives at your place
C) it is delivered to the buyer through e-mail
D) it costs less than the market price
8.Sellers may contact eBay and apply for an Unpaid Item dispute against__________________.
9.Many sellers tend to refuse personal checks for fear of___________________.
10.During the dispute process between the seller and the buyer, eBay plays the role of_____________.
答案：
1.[A][定位]根據題干中的eBay overseers定位至首段末句。
解析：在原文該句末明確提到，此處是唯一提到overseers的地方，其他選項均來提及，很明顯，本題答案為A。
2.[B][定位]本題題乾的題眼不明顯，根據選項關鍵詞bid，price，cost等在原文查找與「出價」有關的細節，由此定位至第1個小標題eBay Basics部分的第2段笫3句。
解析：題干中的have the right to refuse the deal是原文該句doesn』t have to part with the item的近義改寫，因此答案為B。
3.[D][定位]根據題干中的PayPal和BidPay定位至第1個小標題eBay Basics部分的第3段首句。
解析：原文該句末的electronic payment services like PayPal and BidPay表明PayPal和BidPay屬於electronic payment services，因此本題應選D。
4.[D][定位]根據題干中的buy or sell及選項定位至第1個小標題eBay Basics部分的末段。
解析：本題的題干題眼不明顯，應從選項入手，因為這些選項都是專有名詞，在原文應該比較顯眼。逐一查找選項就可發現只有D在第1個小標題下末段提及，其他選項均未提及。
5.[C][定位]根據題干中的server和microprocessors定位至第2個小標題eBay Infrastructure部分的第3段第3句。
解析：本題除了可根據題乾的題眼定位原文找到答案外，還可查找與選項數字相關的內容，這些數字集中在第2個小標題下第2、3段，這樣，查找到C的時候就可發現這一組數字為正確答案。
6.[B][定位]根據題干中的listing和Web site定位至第2個小標題eBay Infrastructure部分的末段首句。
解析：原文該句提到了多個server，還有多個套疊的定語從句，但是根據題干中的first可以迅速選擇B，因為這是在原文中首先提到的server。
7.[C][定位]根據題干中的recipe和tangible定位至第3個小標題Using eBay：Security部分的首段第2句。
解析：根據題眼定位後，可知只有C在原文提及，其他選項都屬於無中生有。
8.[non-paying bidders]
[定位]根據題干中的Unpaid Item dispute定位至第3個小標題Using eBay: Security部分的次標題Buyer Fraud下首段第3句。
解析：空白處應為名詞(片語)。本題要求查找申請Unpaid Item dispute的用處，原文句中的deal with... by filing an Unpaid Item dispute表明賣方以此對付那些不付款的投標者，因此deal with後的賓語non-paying bidders為本題答案。
9.[bounced checks]
[定位]根據題干中的personal checks定位至第3個小標題Using eBay: Security部分的次標題Buyer Fraud下末段末句。
解析：空白處應為名詞(片語)。只要在原文找到this reason的所指，就能順利解決本題。根據該段的主要內容和末句的主語可以推斷this reason指的就是bounced checks，這就是本題答案。
10.[middleman]
[定位]根據題干中的dispute process定位至全文末段倒數第2句。
解析：空白處應為名詞(片語)。題目中的plays the role of與原文中的act as為同義詞，加上題目中的between the seller and buyer和原文一致，不難判斷本題答案應為原文act as後的middleman。
⑩ 英語六級閱讀各類題型解題方法
1. 英語六級閱讀主旨題(Sum Up/Title)--看文章每段第一句(抓大放小，找最重要的，看每段的第一句)，但是當文章的段落特別多時不適應。
24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.
B) Labour and the effects of automation.
C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.
D) Social benefits of automation.
註：文章三段第一句都出現automation，兩段出現labour，因此這兩個詞是重點，必然在選項中出現。
Automation refers to the introction of electronic control and automatic operation of proctive machinery. It reces the human factors， mental and physical， in proction， and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American instry has been called the “Second Instrial Revolution”。
註：refers to 指的是(對前面的詞下定義)
Labour‘s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment， and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main， labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually， the result of automation may well be an increase in employment， since it is expected that vast instries will grow up around manufacturing， maintaining， and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also， union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased proction and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages， more leisure， and improved living standards.
註：labour 雇員(即employee)
concern [U]： (concern over/for/about sth./sb.) worry， anxiety
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation， unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment， he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements， requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”， which calls for wage increases based on increases in proctivity. It is possible， however， that labour will rely mainly on rection in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.
註：union 工會，聯盟，和雇員有關
2. 英語六級閱讀詞彙題--找詞所在句子關系
轉折關系。例如：六級很難，但是……，找轉折連詞 But， Yet， However。
並列關系。例如：A and B，問A就把B內容填進去。六級中and前後一定是一致的。
解釋關系。用because和從句in which等聯系。
例如：
30. “An identifying figure” (Line 2， Para. 5) refers to a person ______.
A) who serves as a model for others
B) who is always successful
C) who can be depended upon
D) who has been rewarded for his success
(文章前四段省略)
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole， and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations， imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
註：把握and前後是並列關系。(榜樣就是別人敬仰的人)記住不要多讀!!!多讀會選錯!
3. 細節題--(針對原文的一點、一句話、一個片語)直接細節、推理題(因果推理找as/because/since和暗示題imply)
例如：
推理題：31. It is implied that fifty years ago ____________ 。
A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories
B) twenty percent of American intellectuals were employees
C) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of instrial workers
D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of instrial workers(反推)
直接細節題：
34. According to the writer， professional knowledge or skill is _______ 。
A) less important than awareness of being a good employee(把句中話反過來說)
B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations
C) more important than employer- employee relations
D) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organization
Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed， i. e.， worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand， the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal ecation， holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed， two things have characterized American society ring these last fifty years： middle-class and upper - class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the instrial worker， that oldest child of the Instrial Revolution， has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of instrial proction.
Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very bious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field， whether it be the mechanist’ s trade or bookkeeping (簿記)。 Every one of these trades requires different skills， sets different standards， and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly， especially in the large business or in government， employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder， the more you get into administrative or executive work， the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
4. 作者態度題(attitude)--正負態度
凡是文章探討新事物--正態度(新正：支持)
凡是文章探討老事物--負態度(老負：抨擊、反對)
例外：中立題(不常見)
25. The writer‘s attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.
A) affectionate
B) disapproving
C) approving
D) neutral
英語六級閱讀各類題型解題方法的內容小編就說到這里了，更多關於大學英語六級考試的備考技巧，備考干貨，新聞資訊，成績查詢，准考證列印入口，准考證列印時間等內容，小編會持續更新。祝願各位考生都能認真備考，順利通過考試。