2000年text5考研英語閱讀
㈠ 考研英語閱讀老是偷換出錯！！怎麼辦！！
閱讀出錯，歸根到底就是看不懂文章，考研英語考察你對文章的理解能力和版寫作能力。
其中閱讀權想要看懂
每個句子搞懂了，整篇文章才能搞懂。
想要提升閱讀能力，就要精讀真題，每篇文章搞爛搞透，逐字逐句翻譯，學習譯文的翻譯方式，至少5篇閱讀文章搞完，慢慢摸索出命題人出題思路和角度。從而再做英語閱讀的時候，更快的抓住文章主旨，每道題回歸到原文進行理解分析，不要貿然選擇，考研閱讀有一些陷阱很容易踩，一定要回歸原文去理解，做出選擇。
希望對你有幫助。
㈡ 考研英語，做了1997-2000年的題感覺挺簡單，完型錯一兩個，閱讀錯兩三個，怎麼一下子到了200
都做對了不必興奮，都做錯了也毋須郁悶。做題對錯有時有很大的偶然性，碰巧趕上都會的碰到一起，你就做對的多；不巧遇到不會的趕在一張卷里，你就做錯的多。
倒是每次搞清楚那些不會的、抓住模稜兩可的徹底弄明白才是最重要的！
㈢ 05——07年考研英語閱讀及譯文
回答字數在10000字以內，所以就放了2005年希望對你有用。
2005 Passage 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of 「goods and services」 than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement 「it is all too monkey」 (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions
24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
重點詞彙：
assumption （假定；承擔；呈現）是assume的名詞形式；見1997年Text 2。.參consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆斷——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潛在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申訴人提出不滿意見交付仲裁者。悲痛傷心事不幸憂傷。因為有冤情（）而滿懷悲痛（）向申訴人申訴。
tardily adv.緩慢。形容詞形式拖拉的。（諧音記憶：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）
counterpart （相似或對應的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前綴「對等」，part部分，「對等的部分」。見2000年 Passage 4 。
token n. 表示, 向征, 記號, 代幣 adj. 象徵的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼淚是快樂的一種奇怪的表示。
reluctant （不願的，勉強的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作「反復」，luct可看作詞根lect「選擇」，-ant形容詞後綴，人們都不願反反復復地作選擇，所以「反復選擇」→不願的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建議制度是有效的——不要不願使用它們。
indignation n. 憤慨, 義憤。 記憶：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在裡面的民族，能不憤慨嗎？比如老薩，呵呵。形容詞形式 indignant adj. 憤怒的, 憤慨的
難句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短語regard…as…的被動形式；with加名詞作狀語，即「帶有潛在的假定」，其中assumption後接有that引導的同位語從句解釋說明假定的內容。
翻譯：這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，他潛在的假定就是其他動物不可能有這種高度發達的不公平意識。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
該句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引導的時間狀語從句，其中包含了so that引導的目的狀語從句。
翻譯：當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。
試題解析：
這篇文章是講猴子有一種天然的公平意識，文章本身難度不是太大，一開始做了一個類比，講人的公平意識。然後根據這個類比，文章重點談猴子們的公平意識。這篇對比性的文章兩個方面要理解，第一，人類和猴子之間都有一種近似的表現，當受到不公正待遇的時候，都有義憤填膺的感覺，如果把握這個邏輯，就是類比的邏輯。第二, 最後兩段關於選擇的實驗的對象以及實驗的結果。
21題，我們應該選擇C，考察第一段的寫作手法，明顯用的是猴和人之間的相似形的比較關系。
22題答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做類比，指出猴子與人一樣都抱怨不公平
23題答案選A，這個是事實細節題，答案是根據文章第三段第一句話得到的，雌性的猴子被選擇做研究，是因為她們更加註重她們獲得的東西。
24題答案選擇C，他們最終的發現是什麼，篇章最後兩段反復重復，如果沒有受到公平的話，
25題選擇B.這篇文章第一段和最後一段都出現一個詞，"假設"為什麼猴和人都有這種心理反應，這個問題沒有得以解決。
全文翻譯：
人人都喜歡大幅加薪，但是當你知道一個同事薪水加得比你還要多的時候，那麼加薪帶給你的喜悅感就消失的無影無蹤了。如果他還以懶散出名的話，你甚至會變得怒不可遏。這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，其潛在的假定其他動物不可能具有如此高度發達的不公平意識。但是由喬治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal進行的一項研究表明，它也是「猴之常情」。這項研究成果剛剛發表在《自然》雜志上。
研究者們對雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為進行了研究。它們看起來很可愛，性格溫順，合作，樂於分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人們一樣，它們往往比雄性更關注「商品和服務」價值。這些特性使它們成為Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究對象。研究者們花了兩年的時間教這些猴子用代幣換取食物。正常情況下，猴子很願意用幾塊石頭換幾片黃瓜。但是，當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。
在卷尾猴的世界裡，葡萄是奢侈品（比黃瓜受歡迎得多）。所以當一隻猴子用一個代幣換回一顆葡萄時，第二隻猴子就不願意用自己的代幣換回一片黃瓜。如果一隻猴子根本無需用代幣就能夠得到一顆葡萄的話，那麼另外一隻就會將代幣擲向研究人員或者扔出房間外，或者拒絕接受那片黃瓜。事實上，只要在另一房間里出現了葡萄（不管有沒有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。
研究人員指出，正如人類一樣，卷尾猴也受社會情感的影響。在野外，它們是相互合作的群居動物。只有當每隻猴子感到自己沒有受到欺騙時，這種合作才可能穩定。不公平而引起的憤怒感似乎不是人類的專利。拒絕接受較少的酬勞可以讓這些情緒准確無誤地傳達給其它成員。但是這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨立演化而成，還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先，這還是一個懸而未決的問題。
2005 Passage 2
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report 「Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of 「paralysis by analysis」.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by 「paralysis by analysis」 (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.
重點詞彙：
prudent adj. 謹慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天氣下外出時帶上件厚外套是謹慎的。名詞形式prudence n. 審慎。記憶：rude 粗魯的，無禮的，p不-rude粗魯的-ent形容詞後綴
paralysis n. 癱瘓, 麻痹。 para-側面。參見2003年Text 2。
paraphrase （n.v.釋意）即para+phrase，para-前綴表「在旁邊、輔助」，phrase即「短語；用短語表達」，故「用短語輔助表達」→釋意。以para-為前綴的單詞還有paragraph（文章的段、節；短評）←para+graph寫；parameter（參數）←para+meter計量；parasite（寄生蟲）←para+site地點。
analysis n. 分析, 分解。記憶：an-a-lysis，後綴同上，分析成一個an,a。聯想：反義詞synthesis n. 綜合, 合成
take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 帶頭,開始著手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.開始著手試圖解決這個問題
initiative n. 主動。 名詞形式initiate vt. 開始, 發動, 傳授 v. 開始, 發起
legislative adj. 立法的, 立法機關的 n. 立法機關。參見1999 Passage 4 。legislation （立法；法規）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg詞根「法律」（參allegation宣稱，2003年Text 2），is是，late遲的，-ion名詞後綴，「法律是遲的」→舊法律難以適應新事物→所以要不斷「立法」→「立法」之產物即「法規」。
難句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主幹部分是The latest was a panel，表語panel後接有兩個定語成分：from的介詞短語和含enlisted的過去分詞，即「白宮召集的、來自國家科學院的專家團」，其中第二個定語成分中又包含一個不定式結構，表目的，即「為了告訴我們……而召集的（專家團）」。
翻譯：最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
該句子的主幹是由and連接的兩個並列從句，前一分句的主幹是science…provide us with…guide；後一分句的主幹是it is critical，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。從句的主幹是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments後接有兩個定語結構，一是that引導的定語從句，一是concerning分詞結構。
翻譯：但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
該句子的主幹是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as結構做比較狀語，意為「正如…一樣」；insisting 引導的分詞結構做定語修飾主語voice，分詞結構中含有兩個並列的由that引導的賓語從句，第二個賓語從句的真實主語是不定式結構to keep…
翻譯：就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。
試題解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的時事性文章，這也是一篇類比，考完了以後很多考生說這篇文章講抽煙，其實不是的，作者講抽煙是想說明現在的溫室效應，也是一種類比，許多人抽煙沒有人去管，因為缺乏足夠的證據,咱們各國政府也不管溫室效應, 也是同樣的原因。中心講的是世界各個政府對溫室效應的解決的態度，篇章的關鍵詞圍繞這樣三個問題展開，第一個就是證據不充足。第二是科學的意義。第三是制定法律，尤其最後三段大量出現立法和法規的現象，
26題選C，
27應該選D，科學應該作為一個指導性，是答案是根據文章第2段的最後兩句話。
28題是猜單詞題，單詞所在的句子的意思是有些人總要科學證據，結果抹殺了行動。所以選A。29答案選擇D，採取某種法律措施，法律在最後的段落重復的最多。
30題作者談的抽煙的教訓對我們溫室處理也是一樣的，選B。
全文翻譯：
還記得科學家們認為吸煙會致人死亡，而那些懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們無法對此得出定論的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為缺乏決定性的證據，科學也不確定的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為反對吸煙的游說是為了毀掉我們的生活方式，而政府應該置身事外的時候嗎？許多美國人相信了這些胡言亂語，在三十多年中，差不多有一千萬煙民早早的進了墳墓。
現在出現了與吸煙類似的令人感到難過的事情。科學家們前仆後繼，試圖使我們意識到全球氣候變暖所帶來的日益嚴重的威脅。最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。明確的信息表明是我們應該立刻著手保護自己。國家科學院院長Bruce Alberts在專家團報告的前言中加上了這一重要觀點：「科學解答不了所有問題。但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。在我們證實這件事之前可以向大氣中不斷的排放氣體。這是一個危險的游戲；到了有百分之百的證據的時候，可能就太晚了。隨著風險越來越明顯，並且不斷增加，一個謹慎的民族現在應該准備一份保單了。
幸運的是，白宮開始關注這件事了。但是顯然大多數總統顧問並沒有認真看待全球氣候變暖這個問題。他們沒有出台行動計劃，相反只是繼續迫切要求進行更多的研究――這是一個經典的「分析導致麻痹案例」。
為了成為地球上有責任心的一員，我們必須積極
㈣ 英語翻譯和分析： 2000年英語考研閱讀5 求幫忙
個人的雄心如果能被正確看待的話，那麼它的回報——財富、聲譽、對命運的掌握——則應回該被認為值得為之答付出犧牲。如果雄心的傳統具有生命力，那麼它就應該受到廣泛的推崇，尤其應該受到那些自身得到他人羨慕的人們的高度重視，當然那些接受過良好教育的人也應包括在內
首先這是篇考研閱讀的話 那麼文章一定來自於外文摘選，所以每個詞後面的內在含義與寓意不是光在表面才理解的，還有上下文也是可以幫忙解釋的，考研英語閱讀不是看你的邏輯結構怎樣，而是看你能不能讀懂句子，選出合適的選項啊
㈤ 考研英語閱讀什麼時候改為5題的
您好，自2002年開始考研英語每篇閱讀改為5小題，共4篇傳統閱讀；2002年以前，考研英語傳統閱讀每篇4小題，共5篇。具體您可參考歷年真題。祝您考研順利！
㈥ 2000passage3考研英語閱讀真題及答案
2022掃描書籍PDF講義
若有資源問題歡迎追問~
㈦ 新編考研英語閱讀理解150篇的目錄
UniT 1
TexT 1 英國鐵路現狀
TexT 2 藝術批評家的品質
TexT 3 有意識的夢境
TexT 4 膳食指南金字塔
UniT 2
TexT 1 新聞如何吸引讀者
TexT 2 電信業的變革
TexT 3 教師資格認證新方法
TexT 4 食物里程和環境保護
UniT 3
TexT 1 基因檢測用於案件偵破
TexT 2 企業綠色外衣現象
TexT 3 美國擬解除飛機上的手機禁令
TexT 4 進階數學的復興
UniT 4
TexT 1 鳥的預警信號
TexT 2 美國現行校歷已經過時
TexT 3 索尼公司的管理
TexT 4 貧富與健康
UniT 5
TexT 1 手機引起爆炸的傳說
TexT 2 社交網站的商務用途
TexT 3 女性較少出現在游戲領域
TexT 4 美國小學的綠色教育UniT 6
TexT 1 經濟行為是進化的結果
TexT 2 開放存取科學出版的興起
TexT 3 搭便車文化行將消失
TexT 4 中產階級消費新趨勢
UniT 7
TexT 1 美國專利制度的弊端
TexT 2 美國子女的回巢現象
TexT 3 性格的可變性及影響因素
TexT 4 編輯應學會接受困惑
UniT 8
TexT 1 老年人消費群體中大有商機
TexT 2 醫療服務信息利弊
TexT 3 生態恐怖主義
TexT 4 英國的教育制度改革
UniT 9
TexT 1 雞蛋中培養流感疫苗
TexT 2 加拿大的劣質服務
TexT 3 視頻游戲不應遭禁
TexT 4 美國大學進入資本市場
UniT 10
TexT 1 開源軟體的發展和挑戰
TexT 2 廣告業是經濟晴雨表
TexT 3 預防原則的合理運用
TexT 4 如何管理知識工人
UniT 11
TexT 1 報紙走向低俗的原因
TexT 2 學業間斷期
TexT 3 英國擬推出全新身份證
TexT 4 資本主義無需為幸福負責
UniT 12
TexT 1 美國名校成特權堡壘
TexT 2 生活方式管理的利弊
TexT 3 「無紙化」辦公
TexT 4 道德准則的進化
UniT 13
TexT 1 青少年積分卡制度的缺點
TexT 2 新聞通訊社經營模式改變
TexT 3 隔離產生新物種
TexT 4 賠償文化
UniT 14
TexT 1 飛機上的碳排放
TexT 2 美國的社會保障私有化
TexT 3 英國大學擴招
TexT 4 全球化影響工人收入份額
UniT 15
TexT 1 平等社會中女性的絕對優勢增強
TexT 2 美國廣播公司開拓網路業務
TexT 3 飲食性疾患
TexT 4 「基因組大戰」的結束
UniT 16
TexT 1 英國人為何缺乏工作積極性
TexT 2 轉基因作物不被接受
TexT 3 報紙的社會責任
TexT 4 數據安全問題亟待解決
UniT 17
TexT 1 美國福利改革取得成功
TexT 2 經濟鞭策手段是備用的制裁手段
TexT 3 在線醫療遭到質疑
TexT 4 未來電腦智能化發展的預測
UniT 18
TexT 1 未來網路——語義萬維網
TexT 2 理工科人才的需求現狀
TexT 3 美國經濟形勢與債券市場現狀
TexT 4 美國教師績效付酬制度
UniT 19
TexT 1 經濟危機故事的自我應驗
TexT 2 傳媒利潤與公眾利益
TexT 3 阿拉斯加湖擴張之謎
TexT 4 對比歐美的社會流動性
UniT 20
TexT 1 氣候變化影響農業
TexT 2 解決器官捐贈短缺問題的方案
TexT 3 英國道路收費系統
TexT 4 人才短缺現象
UniT 21
TexT 1 食物影響情緒和思維
TexT 2 「黑天鵝」事件
TexT 3 美國的養老金制度
TexT 4 質疑美國的國家課程計劃
UniT 22
TexT 1 悲傷有益
TexT 2 科學研究與公共安全
TexT 3 報紙的前途
TexT 4 對待維多利亞人的正確態度
㈧ 研究生英語閱讀教程的目錄
Ⅰ.Course Section
Unit1
Unit2
Unit3
Unit4
Unit5
Unit6
Unit7
Unit8
Unit9
Ⅱ.Source Section
Unit1
Unit2
Unit3
Unit4
Unit5
Unit6
Unit7
Unit8
Unit9
Ⅲ.Supplementary Readings
Text1 Scientific Method
Text2 Evaluating Internet Research Sources
Text3 The Gathering Storm
Text4 Readings from the President's Councilon Bioethics
Text5 BBC Reith Lecture5: Global Politicsina Complex Age
㈨ 英語一閱讀高頻考點及解題技巧
2018年考研的時間也不多了，這時候拼的是爆發力，拼的是方法和效率，每個科目復習都要集中精力做更利與提分和決定成敗的部分，在閱讀理解上要抓住一些常考知識點和技巧就行了。以下是我推薦英語一閱讀高頻考點及一些解題技巧的知識，歡迎閱讀!
英語一閱讀高頻考點
一、as結構
regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2012)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…
二、否定詞
2011 Q22 細節題---猜詞 unpretentious-modest
2011 Q39 細節推理題---猜詞 unrealistic-misleading
2012 Q26 詞義題 reneging on-dishonoring
2012 Q40 態度題 but, bad-disapproval
2013 Q23詞義題 indictment-accusation
2014 Q24 細節推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy
2015 Q27 態度題 discard-disapproval
三、特殊標點
2013 Q34 細節題 冒號
2012 Q24 細節推理題 冒號
2012Q 29 細節題 冒號
2011 Q36 觀點題 冒號
2007 Q31 細節題 冒號
2012 Q36 推理題 分號
2013 Q25 主旨題 分號
2014 Q38 細節題 分號
英語一閱讀解題技巧
閱讀解題技巧
一、細節題
【解題方法】題干+選項精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1. 找題干關鍵詞，精確定位到文章(題乾的關鍵詞一般會定位到文章的某句或者相連的兩句中)
2. 將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2012年Text1
22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers' experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at recing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解題步驟應用】
1 題干定位：段落的最後一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2 選項定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience
learn from---take a page from 表"學習"。
experience---skilled 表示"有經驗的，很嫻熟的"。
二、推斷題
【解題方法】找段落中心句
尋找段落中心句方法：
第一、邏輯上出現轉承關系的句子(轉折、因果、遞進，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示詞的句子);
第二、有明確表示觀點的路標指引詞(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)
第三、含有情態動詞的句子(should, must…)
第四、含有特殊標點的句子(冒號、破折號、引號、括弧)
第五、特殊句型(疑問句、倒裝句、強調句、省略句)
第六、平鋪直敘段落中，注意首末句
【解題步驟】
1. 根據題干，尋找該段落中心句,
2. 正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
【例題】2009年Text4
37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解題步驟應用】
1. 尋找段落中心句(轉折處)
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2. 正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
三、態度題
【解題方法】作者態度分類法
1. 在判斷感情色彩時，應結合以下兩點。
1)作者態度可以分為三大類：a. 正向態度：支持，樂觀，贊同; b. 客觀、中立、公正;c. 負向態度：反對、批評、懷疑
2)特別注意作者的態度一般與文章中心相聯系。不要把自己的態度納入其中，而且要注意區分作者的態度和作者引用別人的態度。
2. 匹配選項。匹配選項時應該注意：
1)有些選項一定不是正確答案(永陪選項)：indifferent(漠不關心);subjective(主觀的);biased(有偏見的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。
2)一般帶有絕對化或者過於強烈的語氣的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。
3. 態度題的新趨勢：
1)現在題目的考察不僅僅局限於作者的態度，也開始考察文章中某人的觀點和態度，做題時特別應該注意看清楚題目考察的是誰對誰的態度。
2)選項可能不在是態度明確的肯定或者否定的詞，而是改為帶有程度限制的詞語，帶有如下詞語的選項往往是正確的：guarded慎重的，qualified有條件的，tempered緩和的，因為帶有保留態度的觀點比較客觀，一般帶有絕對化或者過於強烈的語氣的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly completely entirely
【解題步驟】
1.判斷選項ABCD的態度正負向，將四個選項進行分類(正向，負向)
2.根據關鍵詞，迴文定位判斷態度。
【例題】2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D] cautiousness.
【解題步驟應用】
1 判斷選項態度的正負向
[A] disapproval反對的(負)
[B] indifference漠不關心的(中立)
[C] tolerance包容(正)
[D] cautiousness謹慎的(正)
2 迴文判斷態度
They should start by discarding California's lame argument
因此，根據文章的discarding，可以確定是表示負向否定態度，因此答案選A。
四、主旨題
【解題方法】1串線法 2主題詞復現法 3框架法
【解題步驟】
1. 找出段落中心句或者主題詞
2. 串聯各段段落中心句，合並同類項，即可得出全文主旨
【例題】2008年Text 1
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to proce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproctive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解題步驟應用】
1. 總結每段中心
Para1 女性比男性壓力大
Para2 從生物角度而言，女性比男性壓力大
Para3 現實中，女性比男性壓力大
Para4 女性和男性面對的壓力的不同特點
Para5 舉例論證女性壓力的特點
Para6 女性壓力的現狀及應對建議
2.合並同類項，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress(兩性壓力不平等)
Para5-Para6 women stress(壓力下的女性)
正確答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
考研英語閱讀命題點預測
特殊標點符號
有一些特殊的標點符號也經常成為出題的對象，因此考生應該對以下標點符號的用法較為熟悉：逗號、冒號、括弧、破折號、引號以及問號。
(1)逗號：兩個逗號之間的內容、或者一個逗號後面的內容，通常都起到補充說明第一個逗號前面內容的作用。
【真題回放2000-Text5】
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
(2)冒號：其解釋說明或者高度概括。
【真題回放2007-Text4】
① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich instries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations.
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
(3)括弧：其解釋說明作用。
【真題回放2006-Text2】
① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
[B] the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable