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英語長句子閱讀答案

發布時間: 2023-05-14 18:31:01

1. 英語長難句及其分析

英語句子特別長也難記,我們可以分成一小段一小段去記憶

2. 在英語閱讀中,有一些很長的句子,如有的有20多個單詞,我們應該如何翻譯或理解呢

從網上幫你找的,挺長的,不過感覺很全面,看看吧~~其中的例子挺多,可以自己試試,希望對你有幫助

英語長句子的翻譯
一、英語長句的分析
一般來說, 造成長句的原因有三方面: (1) 修飾語過多;(2) 並列成分多; (3) 語言結構層次多。在分析長句時可以採用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語, 從整體上把握句子的結構。
(2) 找出句中所有的謂語結構、非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句的引導詞。
(3) 分析從句和短語的功能, 例如, 是否為主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句等,若是狀語, 它是表示時間、原因、結果、還是表示條件等等)。
(4) 分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關系, 例如, 定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個等。
(5) 注意插入語等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定片語或固定搭配。
下面我們結合一些實例來進行分析:
例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
分析: (1) 該句的主語為behaviorists, 謂語為suggest, 賓語為一個從句, 因此整個句子為Behaviorist suggest that-clause 結構。
(2) 該句共有五個謂語結構, 它們的謂語動詞分別為suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 這五個謂語結構之間的關系為: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 結構為主句; who is raised in an environment為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為child; where there are many stimuli為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為stimuli; 在suggest的賓語從句中, 主語為child, 謂語為experience, 賓語為greater intellectual development.
在作了如上的分析之後, 我們就會對該句具有了一個較為透徹的理解, 然後根據我們上面所講述的各種翻譯方法, 就可以把該句翻譯成漢語為:
行為主義者認為, 如果兒童的成長環境里有許多刺激因素, 這些因素又有利於其適當反應能力的發展, 那麼, 兒童的智力就會發展到較高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考題)
分析: (1) 該句的骨幹結構為it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一個比較結構, 而且是在兩個不定式之間進行比較。
(2) 該句中共有三個謂語結構, 它們之間的關系為: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 為主體結構, 但it是形式主語, 真正的主語為第二個謂語結構: to sit comfortably at home, 並與第三個謂語結構to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比較。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作狀語, 表示條件。另外, 還有兩個介詞短語作插入語: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二個介詞短語作伴隨狀語, 修飾to sit comfortably at home.
綜合上述翻譯方法,這個句子我們可以翻譯為:
譬如, 對於一個四口之家來說, 舒舒服服地在家中看電視, 就能看到幾乎數不清的娛樂節目, 這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、長句的翻譯
英語習慣於用長的句子表達比較復雜的概念, 而漢語則不同,常常使用若干短句, 作層次分明的敘述。因此, 在進行英譯漢時, 要特別注意英語和漢語之間的差異, 將英語的長句分解, 翻譯成漢語的短句。在英語長句的翻譯過程中, 我們一般採取下列的方法。
(1) 順序法。當英語長句的內容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時, 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。例如:
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考題)
分析: 該句子由一個主句, 三個作伴隨狀語的現在分詞以及位於句首的時間狀語從句組成, 共有五層意思: A. 既使在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉時; B.電仍在為我們工作; C. 幫我們開動電冰箱; D. 加熱水; E. 或是室內空調機繼續運轉。上述五層意思的邏輯關系以及表達的順序與漢語完全一致, 因此, 我們可以通過順序法, 把該句翻譯成:
即使在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉時, 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內空調機繼續運轉。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their 「expectation of life」, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考題)
分析: 該句的骨幹結構為「It is realized that…」, it為形式主語, that引導著主語從句以及並列的it is even possible to …結構, 其中, 不定式作主語, the time …是「expectation of life」的同位語, 進一步解釋其含義, 而time後面的句子是它的定語從句。五個謂語結構, 表達了四個層次的意義: A. 可是現在人們意識到; B. 其中有些礦物質的蘊藏量是有限的; C. 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計出這些礦物質「可望存在多少年」; D. 將這些已知礦源和儲量將消耗殆盡的時間。根據同位語從句的翻譯方法, 把第四層意義的表達作適當的調整, 整個句子就翻譯為:
可是現在人們意識到, 其中有些礦物質的蘊藏量是有限的, 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計出這些礦物質「可望存在多少年」, 也就是說, 經過若干年後, 這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲量將消耗殆盡。
下面我們再列舉幾個實例:
例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique indivials and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世紀以前, 小說中的婦女像都是一個模式。她們沒有任何特點, 因而無法成為具有個性的人; 他們還要屈從於由男性主宰的文化傳統強加給他們的種種束縛。
例4. This method of using 「controls」 can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as 「Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?」 and 「Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?」
這種使用參照物的方法可以應用於許多種情況, 也能用來找到很不相同的各種問題的答案, 從「鐵生銹, 是否必須有一定的濕度才行?」到「哪種豆類一季的產量最高?」
例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.
我們對歷史的愛好起源於我們最初僅對一些歷史上的宏偉場面和激動人心的事件感到孩童般的興趣; 其後, 這種愛好變得成熟起來, 我們開始對歷史這出「戲劇」的多樣性和復雜性, 對歷史上的輝煌成就和悲壯失敗也感興趣; 對歷史的愛好, 最終以我們對人類生命的一種深沉的神秘感而告結束。 對死去的, 無論是偉大與平凡, 所有在這個地球上走過而已逝的人,都有能取得偉大奇跡或製造可怕事件的潛力。
例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
如果做父母的對這種青少年的反應有所准備, 而且認為這是一個顯示出孩子正在成長, 正在發展珍貴的觀察力和獨立的判斷力的標志, 他們就不會感到如此傷心, 所以也就不會因對此有憤恨和反對的情緒而把孩子推到對立面去。
(2) 逆序法。英語有些長句的表達次序與漢語表達習慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時必須從原文後面開始翻譯。例如:
例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
分析: 這個句子由一個主句, 兩個原因狀語和一個定語從句, 「鋁直到19世紀才被人發現」是主句, 也是全句的中心內容, 全句共有四個謂語結構, 共有五層意思: A. 鋁直到19世紀才被人發現; B. 由於在自然界找不到游離狀態的鋁; C. 由於它總是跟其他元素結合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧結合; E. 鋁跟氧有很強的親和力。按照漢語的表達習慣通常因在前, 果在後, 這樣, 我們可以逆著原文的順序把該句翻譯成:
鋁總是跟其他元素結合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結合; 因為鋁跟氧有很強的親和力, 由於這個原因, 在自然界找不到游離狀態的鋁。所以, 鋁直到19世紀才被人發現。
例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
分析: 該句由一個主句, 一個條件狀語從句和一個賓語從句組成, 「……變得越來越重要」是主句, 也是全句的中心內容, 全句共有三個謂語結構, 包含三層含義: A. ……變的越來越重要; B. 如果要使學生充分利用他們的機會; C. 得為他們提供大量更為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導。為了使譯文符合漢語的表達習慣, 我們也採用逆序法, 翻譯成:
因此, 如果要使學生充分利用他們(上大學)的機會, 就得為他們提供大量關於課程的更為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。
下面我們再舉幾個實例:
例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
一旦了解英語的基本結構和句型, 再往下學似乎就越來越難了, 這其中的原因, 也許教師比學生更容易理解。
例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
對於以往幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段, 而技術的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動, 因此首先體驗到技術進步之害的是窮人。
例5.A great number of graate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
50年代後期的美國出現了一個任何人都不可能視而不見的現象, 窮知識分子以「跨掉的一代」這種頗為浪漫的姿態出現而成為美國典型的窮人, 正是這個時候大批大學生被趕進了知識分子的貧民窟。
例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
許多人寧願犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領工人的社會地位, 這在西方倒是人之常情。
例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
假如沒有那些以昆蟲為食的動物保護我們, 昆蟲將吞噬我們所有的莊稼, 害死我們的牛羊家畜, 使我們不能生存於世。
(3)分句法。有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關系並不十分密切, 翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習慣, 把長句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時需要適當增加詞語。例如:
例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four.
上句在英語中是一個相對簡單的句子, 但是如果我們按照原文的句子結構死譯, 就可能被翻譯成:
沒有閱讀能力的美國青年人的數目令人難以相信約為1/4。
這樣, 就使得譯文極為不通順, 不符合漢語的表達習慣, 因此, 我們應該把它譯為:
大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直令人難以置信。
例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考題)
分析: 在此長句中, 有一個插入語「it is often said」, 三個並列的謂語結構, 還有一個定語從句, 這三個並列的謂語結構盡管在結構上同屬於同一個句子,但都有獨立的意義, 因此在翻譯時, 可以採用分句法, 按照漢語的習慣把整個句子分解成幾個獨立的分句, 結果為:
人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時事, 掌握科學和政治的最新動態。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節目。
下面我們再舉一個例子:
例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考題)
他們所必須做的只是按一下開關。開關一開, 就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇, 以及其他各種各樣的文藝節目。至於政治問題的辯論、最近的激動人心的足球賽更是不在話下。
例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
雖然在某處已經開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會發展成高度復雜、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的數目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個天然組成部分。
(4) 綜合法。上面我們講述了英語長句的逆序法、順序法和分句法, 事實上,在翻譯一個英語長句時, 並不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法, 而是要求我們把各種方法綜合使用, 這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現。尤其是在一些情況下, 一些英語長句單純採用上述任何一種方法都不方便, 這就需要我們的仔細分析, 或按照時間的先後, 或按照邏輯順序, 順逆結合, 主次分明地對全句進行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實的漢語句子。例如:
例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
分析: 該句共有三層含義: A: 人們不敢出門; B: 盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好准備以應付緊急情況; C: 警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無能為力。在這三層含義中, B表示讓步, C表示原因, 而A則表示結果, 按照漢語習慣順序, 我們作如下的安排:
盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好准備以應付緊急情況, 但人們不敢出門, 因為警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無能為力。
下面我們再舉幾個例子:
例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.
對於現代書籍, 特別是教科書來說, 要是作者希望自己書中的內容能與新概念、新觀察到的事實和新發現同步發展的話, 那麼就應該每隔較短的時間, 將書中的內容重新修改。
例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen's A Doll's House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的劇作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉離家出走, 因為她憎惡她的丈夫像對待孩子一樣來對待她。作家魯迅從中得到啟示, 從而告誡人們娜拉得需要錢來養活自己, 她要生存就必須有經濟上的權利。
例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.
到目前為止, 經歷了18和19兩個世紀, 這種新的傾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生產活動、商業往來、政府部門以及娛樂場所都集中在城市的中心地區。

3. 大學英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析

大學英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析

引導語:下面我就給大家帶來大學英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析,謝謝您的閱讀,祝您閱讀愉快。

長難句一

Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升級) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)

分析主幹:courses can run (on...)

Although 引導讓步狀語從句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投資”。不定式to support... 是賓語investment 的補足語,“項目需要投資來支持相關軟體”(因為)support 的邏輯主語不是programs 而是investment,所以該不定式應該是補語,而非目的狀語)。譯文:雖然一些規模更大的課程需要斥資增加新的伺服器、擴建網路來支持配套的軟體,但大部分遠程教育課程可以在現有的或稍加升級的系統上運行。

長難句二

While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the procts they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:it is clear that...

句首的While 引導讓步狀語從句,“盡管”......。it is clear......中,it 是形式主語,省略連接詞that 的從句there is...才是句子的真正主語。in ensuring...是there be 句型的狀語成分,“在確保......方面”。ensuring 後面接的是省略that 的賓語從句。

譯文:雖然有許多好而有用的聲明,但是,很明顯,要確保購買者完全知曉所購產品對環境的影響還需要很長的時間。

長難句三

They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)

主幹:They only come in

1.when引導時間狀語從句,而且引導兩個並列的從句:a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引號中的是直接引語,作think的賓語。

2.本句在理解上的一個難點是,they think究竟是與they come in並列還是與a friend drops dead並列。從語言形式上看,兩種理解都可以;但從語義邏輯上看,應該是“他們只有在想到...的時候才來”,把they think歸到時間狀語從句中更合理。

譯文:只有當一位朋友在高爾夫球場猝死時,他們才來看醫生。他們會想到:“哎呀,如果這樣的事能發生在他身上,...”

長難句四

Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對於) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. (07.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:I would fight...

when 引導時間狀語從句。本句理解上的難點不在語法結構,而在語言本身所表達的'內容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主動參與這類爭論的。an argument on...“在......方面的爭論”。on my behalf “代表我自己,為我自己。”

譯文:有時候,當我與別人爭論左腦與右腦的問題,或者是先天天賦與後天培育的問題時,我會馬上站在我的立場以及所有女性同胞的立場上給予狠狠的反駁遙。

長難句五

As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...

句首的as 引導時間狀語從句。主句部分是復合謂語,有兩個由and 連接的並列謂語。

譯文:隨著話語開始流淌,思想也會逐漸明朗化,使自己呈現在你的筆記本或者屏幕上。

長難句六

While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...

While 引導時間狀語從句。本句主句是由and 連接兩個分句構成的並列句,兩個分句都用了現在完成時,與狀語從句的一般現在時對照來看,表明主句中的兩個動作都是在await 期間完成。grant 後面接了雙賓語,間接賓語是her,直接賓語是permission。

譯文:在她等待結果出來期間,政府給予她在美國的工作許可,她已經返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌連鎖店的工作崗位。

長難句七

Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:I had to accept the fact...

Because 引導原因狀語從句。該從句用了know little about...結構,about 有兩個賓語。that 引導的從句是即farm animals 和angels,中間用or 連接,兩個名詞分別都有定語從句加以修飾。主句部分fact 帶有that 引導的同位語從句。

譯文:因為我對會使用工具的家畜和上一年級的天使一無所知,所以我得承認這樣的事實:我在借用我女兒的經驗。

長難句八

The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on proct packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:院The standards ban claims本句只含一個原因狀語從句,結構上較為簡單。值得注意的是,句中的名詞片語大多含有修飾成分,如:The ISO labeling standards, claims on proct packaging, terms such as...。

譯文:ISO 標識標准禁止在商品的包裝上出現模糊的或會引起誤導的產品說明,因為我們無法證明類似“環保”、“無污染”等這樣的字樣。

長難句九

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and scheles on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)

分析主幹:distance learning signifies a course

1.句首While 引導狀語從句,有讓步、對比之意。

2.in which 引導定語從句修飾a course,該從句本身是and 連接兩個分句構成的並列結構,兩個分句分別講到有關老師和學生的情況。post... on Websites 結構中,post 含有3 個賓語。

譯文:雖然網路課程提供的教學形式會各不相同,但遠程學習通常都表現為這樣一種課程:教師將課程大綱、閱讀作業及課程進度安排在網站上公布,學生通過電子郵件提交作業。

長難句十

While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:they cannot work...

While 引導讓步狀語從句,“盡管......”。從句中的employ 表示“採用”,不定式to get...作目的狀語。work in parallel“並行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引導讓步狀語從句,表示“無論多麼......”。

譯文“盡管要完成定稿這兩種思維都不可或缺,可是它們卻不能並行著參與寫作過程-----無論我們多麼認為原本如此。

長難句十一

Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:people may be "well"

主句的主語people 有一個who 引導的定語從句修飾。if 引導條件狀語從句,從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當於they can maintain),修飾health。

譯文:在這種新的意義上來說,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達到可能的最好健康狀況的話。

長難句十二

Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:people may be "well"

主句的主語people 有一個who 引導的定語從句修飾。if 引導條件狀語從句,從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當於they can maintain),修飾health。

譯文:在這種新的意義上來說,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達到可能的最好健康狀況的話。

長難句十三

Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:you will believe that... and you will end up staring...

本句主句是and 連接兩個分句構成的並列句。前一個分句中,that 引導的從句作believe 的賓語,該賓語從句中又包含一個由than 引導的比較狀語從句。後一個分句中,謂語部分是end up doing 結構,staring...作主語補足語。

譯文:你很有可能會以為這樣加工整理素材會讓你時間不夠用,結果是最後隨著交稿日期的逐漸臨近,你將只是盯著稿件發呆。

長難句十四

Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:the show inspired designers

本句是簡單句。過去分詞短語Organized by...在句中作狀語,用以補充說明主語的背景信息。謂語部分用了inspire sb. to do 結構,不定式短語to work with...是賓語補足語。

譯文:這次時裝秀由總部位於紐約的非盈利組織Earth Pledge 主辦,激發了許多頂尖設計師第一次使用不破壞生態平衡的布料設計時裝。

長難句十五

This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (過渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional)cotton...

1.本句冒號後的內容是對前文initiative 的詳細闡述,相當於一個同位語從句。

2.冒號前的分句中,謂語動詞用了be set to do 結構,過去分詞短語aimed to...是initiatives 的後置定語,相當於一個定語從句。

3.冒號後的分句中,結構簡單,其中helping to...是現在分詞短語,作謂語動詞buy 的狀語,表示目的。

譯文:本周沃爾瑪超市准備出台一項重大舉措,目的在於幫助棉農種植有機棉:沃爾瑪將以更高的價格收購過渡型的棉花,以此幫助擴大一種重要有機原材料的供應。

長難句十六

Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:I offered suggestions (for...)

句首的Telling 是現在分詞,作狀語,表示伴隨動作:它帶了一個賓語從句,從句的表語writer 後接了一個作定語的現在分詞guiding...。主句部分的介詞for 帶有三個名詞作賓語,與suggestion 連用,表示“對.......的建議”。

譯文:我對自己說,我只是一個有經驗的作家,在指導身邊的一位年輕作家。我對她的那些故事中的人物堯沖突及結局提出建議。

長難句十七

Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. (06.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...

不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作賓語emailers 的補語。現在分詞reasoning在句中作伴隨狀語。that 引導從句作reasoning 的賓語。該賓語從句又包含一個原因狀語從句,由because 引導。

譯文:有些心理學家原以為人們在電子郵件中最容易撒謊,理由是:欺騙使人感到不舒服,所以電子郵件這種非直接接觸的媒介能讓人的謊言更容易說出口。

長難句十八

Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大雜燴) ofenvironmental claims made by household procts, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:Consumers are being confused and misled by...

本句用了現在進行時的被動語態,含兩個謂語動詞confused 和misled。過去分詞短語made by...和published by...分別修飾前面的名詞claims 和study。

譯文:根據消費者國際組織在星期五發表的野綠色商標冶研究報告,消費者受到了各種家居產品五花八門的環保聲明的誤導,都被搞糊塗了。

長難句十九

I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent蒺s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could ring the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:I have (also) witnessed a player reacting

reacting 在句中是現在分詞,作賓語a player 的補語;by... hitting...是reacting 的方式狀語,hitting 作介詞by 的賓語。as hard as he could 是比較結構,表示“盡力”。

譯文:還有一次我看到過一個球員在比賽中因為對方的一個有意犯規阻擋,而故意使足了力氣把球砸向對方。

長難句二十

Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:someone will glance...

本句是個簡單句,謂語動詞glance 後接介詞短語through purchases or bills。不定式短語to find out...在句中作狀語,表示“無意中一瞥”的結果。

譯文:或者有人會隨意翻閱你的信用卡購物單或手機話費單,以此來了解你的購物喜好或通話習慣。

;

4. 英語考研語法閱讀長難句理解

第句中的that 在這個句子中不是連詞,而是個限定詞 ,相當於the ,那麼
that / the debate would be beside the
point 就是主句了。

5. 高三英語閱讀理解訓練題:realize

要想學好英語,做大量的練習是一個好方法。下面是我收集整理的高三英語閱讀理解訓練《realize》的題目及其參考答案以供大家學習。

高三英語閱讀理解訓練題:realize

It doesn't come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can't remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.

One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you're reading.

Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is ―No, thank you. I'm just looking ? Both you and she know that if you aren't sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, ―Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses. She says, Right this way, please. And you and she are off-both eager to look for exactly what you want.

It's quite the same with your studying. If you choose a book at random(隨意), ―just look for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that-nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying ―to find out more about, ―to understand the reason for, ―to find out how .A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.

This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself some thing like this: ―I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. I'm reading this article to find out. Or, ―I am going to go over this story to see what life was like in medieval (中世紀的)England. Because you know what you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.

Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you express your ideas orally, they may sound like this: Yes, I agree. That's my opinion too. or ―Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. I'd better check those dates, or ―But there are some other facts to be considered! You don't just sit there taking in ideas-you do something else, and that something else is very important.

This extra process of thinking about what you read includes judging it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is to distinguish(辨認)between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence(證據). Opinions are one's own personal reactions. Another part of critical reading is judging source(出處). Still another part is drawing accurate conclusions.

1.If you cannot remember what you read or study______.

A. it is no surprise

B. it means you have not really learned anything

C. it means you have not chosen the right book

D. you realize it is of no importance

2.Before you start reading, it is important______.

A. to make sure why you are reading

B. to relate the information to your purpose

C. to remember what you read

D. to choose an interesting book

3.Reading activity includes______.

A. only two reasons

B. mainly drawing exact conclusions

C. mainly learning about ideas and judging them critically

D. only distinguishing between facts and opinions

4.A. good reader is one who______.

A. relates what he reads to his own knowledge

B. does lots of thinking in his reading

C. take a critical attiutude in his reading

D. is able to check the facts against what he has known

高三英語閱讀理解訓練答案:

BACC


有關 高三英語練習推薦:

1.高三英語句子成分練習附參考答案

2.高三英語萬能句子帶翻譯

3.高三英語句子翻譯練習:經典翻譯句子及講解

6. 2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析

1.2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析

He had a perfect resume and gave goodresponses to her questions, but the fact that henever looked her in the eye said "untrustworthy", so she decided to offer thejob to her second choice.

原文譯文:

他的簡歷堪稱完美,對她提出的問題也能對答如流,但他從來不正視蒂法尼的眼睛,這讓她感覺他這個人「不可靠」。因此,她把這份工作給了她的第二人選。

四級詞彙講解:

本句中so引導的是結果狀語從句,主句部分為but連接的並列句,主幹為he had resume and gaveresponse, but fact said "untrustworthy"。第二個分句中that引導的是fact的同位語從句含櫻。

response的意思是「回答;反應」,常與介詞to連用。如:

He made no response to my question. 他沒有回答我的問題。

decide to do sth.的意思是「決定做某事」。如:

He decided to leave his job. 他決定離職。

offer sth. to sb.的意思是「為某人提供某物」。如:

They offered the opportunity to someone else. 他們把機會給別人了。

2.2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析

Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute investigator Tian Xu directs a researchcenter focused on the genetics of humandisease at Shanghai's Fudan University, incollaboration with faculty colleagues from bothschools.

原文譯文:

耶魯大學教授、霍華德·休斯醫學研究所調查員許田在上海復巧旦旦大學指導一個主要研究人類疾病遺傳學的研究中心,同來自兩所學校的教員同事在那裡進行合作研究。

四級詞彙講解:

本句的主幹是Tian Xu directs center。Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInsritute investigator為主語Tian Xu的定語;focused on the genetics of hwnan disease為research center的後置定語;at Shanghai's Fudan University為地點狀語;in collaborationwith…為狀語。

focus sth. on的意思是「使某物集中於」。如:

Please focus your mind on the following question.請集中注意力思考以下問題。

談寬叢in collaboration with的意思是「與……合作,協作」。如:

He wrote the book in collaboration with his sister.他和姐姐合作寫成此書。

英語四級考點歸納:

faculty有以下含義:

※「感官,天賦」。如:

She retained her mental faculties until the day she died.她直到臨終那天一直保持著思維能力。

※「才能,能力」。如:

The little girl has already got the faculty of understanding complex issues.那個小女孩已經具備了理解復雜問題的能力。

※「系,院」:如:

He is a professor of the Arts Faculty.他是文學院的教授。

※ 「全體教師」。如:

3.2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析

The attempt to make up lost ground iswelcome, but the nation would be better servedby steady, predictable increases in sciencefunding at the rate of Tong-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percentper year.

原文譯文:

嘗試填補研究領域的空白是可喜的,但想要更好地服務國家,就應該使可預期的科學經費穩定地增長,增長速率要與長期國內生產總值增長速率同步,這相當於每年的通貨膨脹率再加上3%。

四級詞彙講解:

本句是由but連接的並列句,句子的主幹是attempt is welcome, but nation would be served。inscience funding為increases的後置定語,at the rate of long-term GDP growth是狀語;which引導的是the rate of long-term GDP growth的非限制性定語從句。

make up此處的意思是「彌補」。如:

You have to make up the time you wasted yesterday.你得把昨天浪費的時間補回來。

at the rate of的意思是「以……的速度或比率」。如:

The factory proced cars at the rate of 100 per week.工廠以每周100輛的速度生產汽車。

on the order of的意思是「相似於,大約」。如:

The impact of Internet market is on the order of the traditional market.互聯網市場的影響與傳統市場相似。

英語四級考點歸納:

make up除指「彌補」外,還有以下含義:

※ 「構成,組成」。如:

Those qualities make up his character.那些特質構成了他的性格。

※ 「捏造,虛構」。如:

How can you make up an excuse?你怎麼能編造借口呢?

※ 「放在一起」。如:

Mom made up a basket of food for the picnic.媽媽為野餐裝好了一籃子食物。

※ 「鋪(床),支(床)」。如:

She made up the bed for the guest.她為客人鋪好了床。

※ 「補足,補齊。如:

I still need $1,000 to make up the sum required.我還需要1000美元才能補齊所需的數目。

7. 如何解決長難句閱讀,考研英語那種程度的問題

一、 長難句一般應對策略

1.從句又多又長:一個主句帶多個從句,從句中又含有從句

應對方法:先抓主幹,找出復雜句中最核心的主謂賓,再層層展開

2.句子中帶有長長的插入成分: 用插入語來交代某句話是誰說的或者是說話人的身份,或解釋、說明前面的內容

應對方法:理解句子主幹時,先不理會插入語,等把主句的意思看完整,然後再看插入成分

3. 分詞短語、獨立主格結構的干擾

應對方法:主句最重要的特徵就是有完整的主謂結構,尤其是獨立的謂語部分。一個看似句子的結構,如果沒有獨立的謂語部分,它就不是句子,而是分詞短語、獨立主格結構等,可以先跳過不看

4. 三種情況的混合

應對方法:從前向後,抓住獨立的謂語部分,從而區分出主句和分詞狀語,再根據主句與從句之間的連接詞,區分出主句和從句,層層擴展理解,插入語在哪個層次,就放在搜派前哪個層次理解

二、特殊句型

對於特殊句型,如虛擬語氣,可以將其理解成一種反事實假設,也就是作者的觀點和態度與之相反。對於分隔結構而言,其主幹一般在破折號、逗號和定語從句之外,閱讀時可以先跳過修飾成分。對於關聯結構,要學會尋找第二部分,因為第二部分有時是句子的重點。如在
not…but…之中,重點在 but…之後。

三、具體句子

1 、復合句

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to
find out what its

advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their
principles may seem

today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as
normal.

[ 參考譯文]

當藝術上的一項新運動達到一定流行程度時, 最好先弄清該運動倡導者的目的,
因羨茄為,無論他們的創作原則在今天看來多麼牽強、多麼荒謬,在未來這些理論有可能會被視為正常的東西。

[ 結構分析]

本句的主幹是 it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...,句首的
When 引導一個時間狀語從句,句中的 for... it is possible... (至句末)是一個並列分句,表示原因,其中 for後面的 however
+形容詞 farfetched and unreasonable 引導狀語從世清句,表示讓步。在主幹 it is

advisable to find out... 中, it 是形式主語, 後面的不定式結構 to find out what its
advocates are aiming at 是真正的主語。

2 、並列句

While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your
ecation, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you
and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably
connected manner.

[ 參考譯文]

與你談話時,可能成為你未來老闆的人會考慮你所受的教育、你的經歷和你的其他資歷是否在僱傭你以後會給他帶來好處。你的"資歷"和能力必須有條不紊、合理連貫地展示出來。

[ 結構分析]

這也是一個並列句,包含兩個分句。第一個分句的主幹是 your could-be employer is deciding whether..., 其中
whether 引導一個賓語從句 whether your ecation, your experience, and other
qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二個分句的主幹是 your "wares" and abilities
must be displayed...。注意:pay sb. to do
sth.此處的意思是"做…對…有利";"wares"的本義是"商品、貨物",但在本文中,作者認為找工作就是推銷自己,所以結合本文的背景,wares
的意思是"(求職者的)資歷或能力"。

3 、定語從句

The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a
large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so
commonly spoiled the fortunes of family

firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

[ 參考譯文]

通過僱用大量的職業人才,這一變化滿足了新時代的技術要求,防止了效率下降--在過去,這種效率下降經常使家族公司在充滿活力的創業者之後的第二代或第三代毀掉全部財產。

[ 結構分析]

本句是一個並列句,以 and 連接;第一個分句的主幹是 The change met the technical requirements...,
後面的介詞結構 by engaging a large professional element 作狀語, 說明 met the technical
requirements of the new age 的方式;第二個分句的主幹是(the change) prevented the decline in
efficiency,後面的 that 引導的定語從句修飾 decline in efficiency。注意:engage此處的意思是"雇,聘"。

4 、名詞性從句

Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing
onto the screen comes there by specific request.

[ 參考譯文]

網路文化非常推崇這樣一種理念:出現在用戶屏幕上的信息應該是根據用戶特定要求發送過來的。

[ 結構分析]

本句的主幹是 Online culture thinks highly of the notion that...,其中 notion 後面的
that引導一個同位語從句,說明 notion 的具體內容;同位語從句的主幹是 the information...comes

there..., 其中 flowing onto the screen 作定語, 修飾 the information, 句末的 by
specific request作狀語,修飾 come there。

5 、狀語從句

Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain
optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest
belt tightening.

[ 參考譯文]

消費者們看上去只是有點擔心,而沒有恐慌,很多消費者說盡管他們正在把開支緊縮一點,但是他們對經濟的長期前景仍然保持樂觀。

[ 結構分析]

本句是以 and 連接的並列句,其中第二個分句的主幹是 many say...,say 後面的部分是賓語從句,其中還包含一個 as
引導的讓步狀語從句。

6 、特殊結構

Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought
that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

8. 英語閱讀句子理解題怎麼做

英語閱讀句子理解題怎麼做

導語:英語閱讀中的句子理解題,很多時候是文章主旨題,一定要抓住中心。下面讓我們學習一下這種題應該怎麼解題吧!

句子理解題

1、標志:在題干中明確指出原文中的某句話,要求理解其意思。

2、關鍵:對原句進行語法和詞義的精確分析(找主幹),應該重點抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定,則依據上下文進行判斷。注意:局部含義是由整體決定的。

3、句子理解題的錯誤選項干擾項特徵:推得過遠。做題時應把握住推的度。

4、思路: 對句子微觀分析;不行就依據上下文;選擇時不要推得過遠。

例題49:What does the author mean by 「most people are literally having a ZZZ」 (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?

[A] They are getting impatient.

[B] They are noisily dozing off.

[C] They are feeling humiliated.

[D] They are busy with word puzzles.

解題思路

(1)閱讀題干,確定關鍵詞:

關鍵詞:「most people are literally having a ZZZ」

(2)定位到段(文章最後一段)

The humiliation continues. At university graation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

(3)定位到句,同義替換,得出答案。

結合句子理解題的'解題方法:

①先翻譯題中句子的字面意思:大多數人都在ZZZ

②定位到文中:

At university graation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first;by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.

在大學的畢業典禮的時候,ABC開頭的學生首先自豪的接受屬於他們的證書,而到了Z開頭的學生的時候。大多數學生都在zzz。

③聯系段落或者文章的主旨:

段落的話要注意段首和段尾:

The humiliation continues.

all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

可以推斷出這是對於姓名字母靠後同學的一種歧視(humiliation)

即:ZZZ應該情緒是向下(消極)的。因此,先排除D選項。 They are busy with word puzzles.這個選項的情緒是比較平的,沒有向上或者向下的情緒。

再來分析一下A,B,C三個選項:

首先選項[C] They are feeling humiliated.(被羞辱)

【分析】

這里偷換了主題。大家在看到選項中有主語的時候,一定要對照文章仔細分析,是否被偷換了主語,這個在英語閱讀中,是錯誤選常設置的技巧。

這里humiliated的主體是」the most people」而回到原問中,真正的主體應該是「形式字母靠後的學生」

;

9. 英語閱讀理解長難句的處理技巧

英梁寬伍語閱讀理解長難句的處理技巧

一個英語句子之所以難以理解,有許多原因,其中一個主要原因是句子太長或者句子結構復雜。句子過長或者復雜無非是該句除了主幹之外還包含了一些附加部分,如插入語、同位語、分隔現象、各種從句或較長的非謂語動詞短語等等。這些附屬成分常有逗號或分隔符號與句子隔開,且插在一個句子中間,使本來完整的句子被斷開,因而增加句意理解的難度。分析長難句的基本方法是:首先,判斷該句是簡單句、並列句還是復合句;然後,找出句子的核心成分,分清主語和謂語,再分清句子附屬成分。下面我們來談談幾種長難句的橡或處理技巧。

一、處理長難句的原則方法

如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的單句,可這樣處理:跳讀修飾成分,迅速找出主謂結構。這樣一來,我們便可以將長句化為短句,將難句化為易句。具巧敏體步驟是:先跳讀修飾成分或附加成分,找出句子的主幹並理解其意義;然後再分段理解修飾成分或附加成分。

如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的並列句,可這樣處理:先找出其中的並列連詞,然後再根據並列連詞的意思理清句子前後是順連關系還是反連關系,是因果關系還是轉折關系等,最後再根據不同的語境關系正確理解句意。

如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的主從復合句,可這樣處理:先分清主句與從句,然後弄清從句的性質,即弄清它是什麼從句。

如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的主從復合句,可這樣處理:先分清主句與從句,然後弄清名詞性從句,還是狀語從句,或是定語從句。注意,弄清從句性質對於理解復合句的意思至關重要。

另外,有一點要提醒同學們,在處理長難句時,如果既能正確理解句意,又能將其准確地譯成中文,那是最好了。但是,對於有些長難句,要在較短時間內(如在參加考試時)將其譯成中文比較困難,此時只要能正確理解其意思就行了,如果硬要勉為其難地譯成中文,不僅會浪費時間,而且在許多情況也沒有必要。

二、經典高考真題實例分析

下面這篇文章共有194個單詞,卻只有9個句子,平均每個句子大約有22個單詞,是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解中一篇比較典型的集中含有長難句的文章。

A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海軍上將) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.

【解題分析】

1. 跳讀插入語:請看文章第一段的'第一句。第一步跳過插入語找出句子主幹:Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上無人居住的最偏僻的島嶼);第二步理解附加的插入語部分:a 38-square-mile island(該島面積為38平方英里,而且這是吉尼斯記錄之一),這樣該句話的意思就弄明白了。

2. 跳讀非謂語動詞短語:我們來看第一段第三句。首先跳過前面的非謂語動詞短語,找出主幹:the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (該島是英國領土,人口大約幾千)。然後再來理解前面的非謂語動詞短語:Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810(這個島嶼是在1506年被一個名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海軍上將發現的,Tristan da Cunha1810年開始有人居住)。通過這樣分解難度,我們讀得輕松,理解得准確。

3. 跳讀分隔現象:請看文章第二段,這一段有35個單詞,卻只有一句話。因為該段既包括了分隔現象,又包含了定語從句,又有一個同位語,而且該句還是一個倒裝句。如果從前到後按照順序來理解,未免有點繁雜,抓不住重點。所以首先要跳過兩個分隔符號之間的內容,同時也要暫時擱置後面的非限制性定語從句,找出主幹並把主幹重新倒置過來變成正常語序:Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island是緊跟第二的最偏僻的島嶼);然後再理解分隔符號之間的內容和後面的定語從句等附加成分:Easter Island 常常被誤認為是最偏僻的島嶼,它在最臨近的島嶼(Pitcairn Island)東面1,260英里,在南美西面2,300英里。

4. 跳讀定語從句:定語從句在閱讀理解中是很常見的,有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句用來限定所修飾的詞,與之關系非常密切,閱讀時要特別注意兩者的密切聯系,跳過限制性定語從句找到主句後要馬上回頭理解它的含義,確定它與先行詞的修飾關系。如文章第三段的第一個句子里就有一個限制性定語從句:who were lost at sea. 閱讀時一定要注意它與people的密切聯系:不是別人而是在大海里迷路的人五世紀左右在那裡定居。而非限制性定語從句與所修飾的詞關系不是很密切,主要起補充說明作用,它可能出現在主句中間,也可能出現在句尾。如果它出現在句中,閱讀時可以跳過去然後再來理解,也可以一起順便讀過去。如果非限制性定語從句出現在句尾,那閱讀時很方便,看完主句後附帶著看一下就可以了,因為它只是對先行詞的補充說明。如這一段的最後一句:for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我們得知該島與外界隔絕了一千多年,使得島上的人們有充足的時間來修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然後再附帶得知該島以這些石雕而聞名。

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