2007年考研英語閱讀譯文

Ⅰ 2007考研英語時文閱讀(5)

印度向外資有限開放零售市場

India sets out its stall for global retailers

銳步(Reebok)、諾基亞(Nokia)、路易威登(Louis Vuitton)和古姿(Gucci)等全球品牌，將首姿塵次得以在印度擁有並經營自己的店鋪，因為共產黨支持的印度政府昨晚批准放寬外國直接投資法規。

Global brands such as Reebok, Nokia, Louis Vuitton and Gucci will for the first time be able to own and operate their own stores in India after the country』s communist-backed government last night approved a liberalisation of foreign direct investment rules.

印度政府同意外資在單一品牌零售企業中占據51%的股權，這是一攬子措施中最為引人注目的一點。這些措施旨在表明，印度政府決心啟動停滯的經濟改革計劃。

Consent to permit 51 per cent foreign investment in single brand retail operations was the most striking among a package of measures aimed at signalling the Indian government』s determination to kick-start a stalled programme of economic reforms.

然而，此次政策的有限放鬆，並沒有將印度的零售業全面開放。全球大的一些零售集團一直在私下要求這種全面開放。包括沃爾瑪(Wal-Mart)和特易購(Tesco)在內的公司大力游說，試圖獲准進入印度市場。目前，印度市場上占據支配地位的是900萬家「夫妻老婆」店。

However, the limited relaxation fell short of the wholesale opening of India』s retail sector that has been privately demanded by the world's most powerful retail groups. Companies including Wal-Mart and Tesco lobbied hard to be allowed into a market dominated by 9m 「mom and pop」 corner stores.

盡管如此，在達沃斯世界經濟論壇前夕，昨晚的一攬子改革措施將被視為一種強有力的推動。在該論壇上，一個龐大的印度代表團將大力推介印度經濟。這個代表團的成員包括印度私企信跡指禪心工業(Reliance Instries)的董事長穆克什·安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)，以及印度第二大高科技公司信息系統公司(Infosys)的逗轎首席執行官南丹·尼勒卡尼(Nandan Nilekani)。

Last night's package of reforms will nonetheless be seen as a notable boost on the eve of the World Economic Forum at Davos, where a large Indian delegation, including Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance Instries, India』s largest private sector company, and Nandan Nilekani, head of Infosys, the country's second biggest technology company, will be cheerleading for the Indian economy.

「這是15年來外國直接投資首次得到通盤考慮，以消除反常與前後不一致的情況，」印度工商部長卡邁勒·納特(Kamal Nath)對《金融時報》表示。「各公司將被允許在單一品牌下，出售在世界各地銷售的商品。擁有多個品牌的零售商將不會被允許這么做，即便這些品牌商品是同一家公司生產的，」他補充說。

「This is the first time in 15 years that FDI has been reviewed in an integrated manner to remove anomalies and inconsistencies,」 Kamal Nath, India's commerce minister, told the Financial Times. 「Companies will be allowed to sell goods sold internationally under a single brand. Retailers of multiple brands, even if they are made by the same company, will not be allowed,」 he added.

迄今為止，在印度市場，海外零售商只有與本土夥伴進行合作，通過專賣安排才能經營，這與中國形成了對比。中國已向外國投資者開放零售業。【您現在閱讀的文章來自「中國學習考試網」，請記住我們的永久域名：www.stu88.com 】

International retailers have until now been able to operate in India only through franchise arrangements with local partners, in contrast to China, which has thrown open its high streets to foreign investors.

目前，印度商務部還未清楚說明，它將如何實施上述謹慎的新政策。盡管印度產業機構進行了許多努力，以維持零售業在盡可能長的時間里不對外國競爭開放，但政府還是出台了這些新政策。

India』s commerce ministry has yet to spell out how it will apply the cautious new policy, which has emerged despite an intense campaign by Indian instrial houses to keep the retail sector closed to foreign competition for as long as possible.

2006年1月26日 星期四

知名企業擬推「紅色」品牌 幫助抗擊艾滋

Bono sees Red as way to fight Aids scourge

美國運通(American Express)、匡威(Converse)、Gap和喬治·阿瑪尼(Giorgio Armani)公司正與搖滾歌星波諾(Bono)聯手，創立一個名為「紅色」的新品牌，並推出一系列「紅色」商品，其部分營收將用於幫助非洲抗擊艾滋病。

American Express, Converse, Gap and Giorgio Armani are joining Bono, the rock star, to sell procts under a new brand – 「Red」 – that would dedicate some of its revenues to the fight against Aids in Africa.

其中，美國運通將推出一種「美國運通紅色」(Amex Red)信用卡 ，首發地選在英國。這種信用卡的發行對象是預估數量達150萬的「良知消費者」(conscience consumers)，這些人被視為最有可能購買與社會公益相關的產品。

The effort will include the creation of an Amex Red credit card that will be marketed first in the UK, aimed at an estimated 1.5m 「conscience consumers」 who are seen as more likely to buy procts that are associated with a social benefit.

其它將於今年春季上市的「紅色」品牌產品，包括由非洲泥布製作的匡威運動鞋，一系列包括紅色和其它顏色的經典風格新款Gap T恤衫，以及帶有「紅色」壓紋標識的面罩型Emporio Armani太陽鏡。

Other Red procts to be sold this spring will include Converse sports shoes made with African mud-cloth, a new line of Gap vintage-style T-shirts – in red and other colours – and wraparound Emporio Armani sun glasses embossed with a Red logo.

「紅色」品牌的擁有者波諾表示：「『紅色』是一個21世紀的創意。我認為，從事『紅色』事業，做善事，將成為企業的優質業務。」

Bono, the owner of the brand, said: 「Red is a 21st century idea. I think doing the Red thing, doing good, will turn out to be good business for them.」

有關各方計劃今日在瑞士達沃斯世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上公布「紅色」項目。此舉是那些擔心電視廣告正在失效的大公司發起的一系列激進營銷實驗中最新的舉措。

The venture, scheled to be announced today at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, is the latest in a series of radical marketing experiments by big companies worried that television advertising is losing its punch.

這些大公司採取這些措施，例如寶潔公司(Procter & Gamble)推出Pampers.com信息網站，很多是利用公益事業來吸引顧客關注，這就是一些人所稱的「企業社會機遇」(corporate social opportunity)。

Many of these efforts, such as Procter & Gamble』s Pampers.com information web site, are based on the idea of using good works or services to gain consumer attention – a notion some people are calling 「corporate social opportunity」.

「紅色」項目的部分收入將捐給全球基金(Global Fund)。後者作為一家政府、民間社會、私營部門和相關社區的合作聯盟，自2002年創建起，已向艾滋病、肺結核和瘧疾項目提供了45億美元的資金。「紅色」項目的捐贈，將主要針對為婦女和兒童服務的抗艾滋病項目。

The money from Red will go to the Global Fund, a public-private partnership that has committed $4.5bn for Aids, tuberculosis and malaria programmes since it was creating in 2002. The focus of the Red donations will be on Aids programmes for women and children.

美國運通已同意捐出「紅色」信用卡交易額的1%。此外，對於年消費額超過5000英鎊的帳戶，美國運通還將捐出超額部分的1.25%。

Amex has agreed to contribute 1 per cent of Red card transactions, plus 1.25 per cent of any spending above ￡5,000 a year.

以「紅色」為品牌，是因為這種顏色代表緊急情況。波諾有一句的歌詞：艾滋病不是事業、而是危機。

Red was picked as the brand name because it is the colour of emergencies, echoing Bono』s well-known refrain that Aids is not a cause, but an emergency.

2006年1月27日 星期五

美國擬改革針對外資的審查程序

US plans reform of scrutiny panel to reassure investors

美國政府將在全球范圍發起一輪宣傳攻勢，說服外國投資者相信：美國一直致力於「開放的投資政策」。而僅在數月前，由於美國國會的巨大政治壓力，中國石油公司中海油(CNOOC)被迫放棄了對美國能源集團優尼科(Unocal)接近200億美元的競購。優尼科總部位於加利福尼亞州。

The US administration is launching an international campaign to persuade foreign investors that it is committed to an 「open investment policy」, just months after intense political pressure in Congress forced CNOOC, the Chinese oil company, to abandon its multi-billion dollar bid for California-based Unocal.

美國財政部副部長羅伯特·金米特(Robert Kimmitt)在今日的《金融時報》上撰文稱，政府將對美國外國投資委員會(CFIUS)進行改革。這是一個由美國財政部領導的跨部門小組，行事隱秘。它以國家安全為宗旨，對外國收購美國資產的交易進行審核。改革的目的是提高審查過程的確定性和透明度。

Robert Kimmitt, the deputy Treasury secretary, writes in today』s FT that the administration will implement reforms to the Committee on Foreign Investments in the US, the secretive inter-agency panel chaired by the Treasury department that vets foreign takeovers of assets on national security grounds. The reforms are aimed at bringing greater certainty and transparency to the process.

金米特今天還將在達沃斯召開的世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上，就這一問題發表講話。

Mr Kimmitt will also speak on the issue today at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

盡管美國國會壓力是迫使中海油放棄競購優尼科的主要原因，但此次華盛頓的反華風暴，引發了對於美國外國投資委員會角色的新疑問。該委員會有權阻止其認為可能危及國家安全的外國收購。

Although pressure from Congress was largely responsible for forcing CNOOC to withdraw its bid for Unocal, the anti-China storm in Washington prompted new questions about the role of CFIUS, which has the power to block foreign takeovers deemed a risk to US security.

擔心中海油的競標可能招致美國外國投資委員會的審查，是優尼科決定接受美國石油公司雪佛龍(Chevron)出價的重要原因。

Fears that the CNOOC bid would be tied up in the CFIUS review were a significant factor in Unocal』s decision to accept a competing offer from Chevron, the US oil company.

一位美國財政部高級官員表示，行政方面的改革包括：指派更多資深政策人士監督美國外國投資委員會的審核，增強國會對審核過程的了解程度，並要求相關企業在過程早期，與美國外國投資委員會就擬議中的交易進行非正式接觸，以便盡早就潛在問題展開討論。

A senior Treasury official said the administrative changes involve dedicating more senior policy staff to oversee CFIUS reviews, enhancing transparency to Congress about the process, and asking companies to approach CFIUS informally with their proposed deals earlier in the process in order to begin talks about potential issues as soon as possible.

但這些舉措似乎無法限制美國外國投資委員會在審查外國收購方面所擁有的廣泛權力，而且在某些方面還有可能擴大這種權利。

But the moves do not appear to curb the broad powers that CFIUS has to review foreign takeovers, and may expand them in some ways.

例如，這位官員表示，美國對涉及外國政府補貼貸款的外國交易進行額外審核是合理的。在優尼科之爭中，雪佛龍就提出了這個問題，稱中海油存在不公平的競爭優勢，因為該公司能夠獲得國家提供的資金。

The official said, for instance, that it was legitimate for the US to subject foreign deals that involve subsidised loans by a foreign state to extra scrutiny. Chevron raised the issue ring the Unocal debate, saying that the CNOOC approach had an unfair advantage because of its access to state financing.

Ⅱ 考研英語閱讀，2007年真題，text2，第六句，obvious和suits one怎麼解釋

it is not obvious that 是個結構，不清楚的是-------後面how是主語從句；
how 從句中，主語是the capacity 謂語就是suits 賓語one
不清楚的是一個人要具備多大的想像力和數模能力才適合回答此類問題。
現在考研需要在短時間確定語義，拘泥於詞法的考研英語學習已不再適應新形勢。

Ⅲ 2007年考研英語text3裡面都有什麼從句，能細說一下嗎感覺好多翻譯不明

首先，復從句只有三種：定語從句，狀制語從句，以及名詞性從句

其次，就是這句話裡面沒有什麼從句，都是簡單句

所以直譯就是：在過去一年的許多中，布希總統從事「將社會保障轉變為一種儲蓄賬戶模式」的活動，通過「退休人員把他們有保障的退休金（payments）的大部分或者全部交換成依賴投資收益的報酬」這種方式來推動。

做一下意譯處理：在過去的大半年中，布希總統積極從事這一項活動：將社會保障轉變為一種儲蓄賬戶模式，退休人員把他們大部分或全部的有保證的退休金換成依靠投資收益的報酬。

Ⅳ 考研英語閱讀，2007年，text1,第一句，in a wide range of pursuit

in a wide range of pursuits 多種工作（或多種職業）。
pursuit可以翻譯為職業。

Ⅳ 新東方2007年考研英語之分析點評：翻譯

詳解2007考研英語翻譯試題

the study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in european universities. however, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraate programs in canadian universities. (46)traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an ecated person.

[參考譯文]長期以來，在這些大學里，人們將法律知識學習看作是律師的專屬，而不是一個受過教育的人知識儲備的必要組成部分。

[句式]這句話句式上不存在難點，只有has been viewed這一處動詞，被動語態翻譯時，考慮通過添加泛指主語轉換為主動語態people have viewed legal learning as the special preserve of lawyers。rather than，是考研中反復多次出現的考點，翻譯成“而非，而不是”即可。

[選詞]這句話中traditionally, institutions, equipment幾個詞的翻譯很值得玩味。traditionally是“傳統地”這個意思，但是直接翻譯為“傳統地”明顯無法與下文銜接，所以，要圍繞核心高蠢閉含義根據上下文適當引申，試看：the oil-rich province of kirkuk, which was traditionally kurdish territory基爾庫克省盛產石油，長期以來，一直是庫族人的領土。所以根據上檔肢下文“traditionally”大可譯為“長久以來”“長期以來”“在傳統意義上”等能夠保證上下文銜接，實現譯文通順准確的譯法。

such institutions中的institution到底譯為“機構/組織”還是“制度”？我們經常說we know a word by the company it keeps, “要知意如何，關鍵看詞伙”。那麼這個such institutions到底指什麼呢？我們說過，英文代詞指代關系是就近指代，因此只要向前循序尋找就不難發現canadian universities即為其指代對象，所以institutions當然應該翻譯成戚裂“這些高校/大學/學院”等。

equipment核心含義是“裝備”，根據上下文intellectual equipment of an ecated person，稍作引申，“一個受過良好教育的人”具有的當然是“知識儲備”。

if the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general ecation, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism ecators. law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. on the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) on the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner// [which is parallel to the links// ].

[參考譯文]另一方面，法律以某種方式將這些概念(公正、民主和自由)同日常生活中的現實聯系起來，這與記者們每天報道和評論新聞事件時建立的聯系相類似。

[句式]這句話又出現了多個動詞的復雜句式和定語從句套用的典型翻譯考題套路，首先找到五個動詞，links, is, forge, cover, comment,其中cover and comment可以看到是並列動詞，根據標志詞將整個句子做如上切分，得到四個分句。其中it links these concepts是主句，which is parallel to…on the news，是定語從句，在這個大的定語從句中套用了一個小的定語從句journalists forge….on the news,來修飾先行詞links,而在這個小定語從句中又套用了as引導的時間狀語從句。

本句中的it，需要尋找指代對象，根據“逆向尋找，就近一致”的原則，向前追溯，結果發現前一句的主語也是it,於是繼續逆向推進，發現主語為“law”。these concepts沒有必要到前文尋找指代對象，但是，如果要找也可以同法處理，發現其指代對象即“justice, democracy and freedom”。

[選詞] cover在本句話中考察的是熟詞僻意，cover本意是“覆蓋”，借用此意到新聞報道中就成了“采訪，采寫”的意思。

forge本意是“打造，鍛造”，根據“forge a link”的搭配，引申為“建立聯系”。

on a daily basis的意思是“每天”，比如“15 minutes of laughter on a daily basis is probably good for the vascular system每天大笑15分鍾對心臟系統可能大有裨益”。不能死譯為“在每天的基礎上”。

be parallel to與…相平行，引申為“與…相仿，相若”

[翻譯技巧]雙定從環換套用，往往採取大定從獨立成句，小定從前置的翻譯方法。將句子斷開後，按段翻譯。先將it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner翻譯為一個句子“法律以某種方式將這些概念同日常生活中的現實聯系起來”。

再翻譯小定從部分the links// ，時間狀語從句提前，定從前置，“記者們每天報道和評論新聞事件時建立的聯系”。

最後大定從獨立成句which is parallel to the links [journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news], “這與…的聯系相類似”。調整後即得到通順的翻譯。

(48) but the idea [that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen ] //rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.

[參考譯文]但是，記者較之普通市民對法律的理解更加深刻這一觀點，是建立在理解新聞媒體的既定常規和特殊職責的基礎之上的。

[句式]首先找到本句話中的兩個動詞must understand和rests,並據此將句子一分為二，分析後不難看出括弧中的部分作為同位語從句修飾主語idea,而rests為真正的謂語動詞。本句出現了兩個a of b結構的變體。第一個an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities，按照“a具有動詞意味可翻譯為ab動賓結構”的原則，將之翻譯為“理解既定法規和特殊職責”。第二個a of b結構the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media則涉及到了a= the a and b的情況，因為兩個名詞短語公用一個the,所以其實是一個概念，因此the new media前置時，應該放到最前面，翻譯為“新聞媒體的既定常規和特殊職責”。

[選詞] idea這個常用多義詞，根據同位語從句部分的解釋，可以翻譯為“觀點，看法”，但翻譯為“理論，主意”就不可接受。convention這個詞來源於ven這個詞根“走”，con表示“共同”，所以其基本含義為“走到一起來”，因此第一引申含義為“開會，會議”，開會後產生的一定是第二引申含義：“公約”，那麼“公約”的特性是什麼呢？當然是“常規”，如a matter of convention常規問題; break away from convention打破常規［慣例］等。所謂英文中詞義之間的引申和聯想就是這樣建立的。

(49) in fact, it is difficult ……

[參考譯文]事實上，我們很難想像，對加拿大憲法的基本特徵不甚了解的記者，如何能勝任政治方面的報道。

[句式]首先，根據is，do not have, can do這三個動詞將全句切分為三部分。然後根據連接詞who判定方框內部分為定語從句，同時還出現了it is difficult to do sth的句式，it為形式主語，真正的主語是“to see how journalist can do a competent job on political stories”。

a of b結構the basic features of the canadian constitution譯為b的a,“加拿大憲法的基本特徵”。而另一a of b結構do not have a clear grasp of the basic features，譯為ab動賓結構“不能清晰把握基本特徵”。

翻譯時，遵循語序基本不變的原則，to do作為真正的主語，但不一定非要提前。

(50) while comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, // it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

[參考譯文]盡管律師們的評價和反應可能會增加報道的深度，但是記者們依靠自己的價值標准，做出判斷會更加可取。

[句式]這句話是個簡單的讓步關系的狀語從句。while第二次再翻譯題目中出現表示讓步關系，這種用法還在1999年的考題中出現過while there are as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one…

[選詞]enhance stories是本句話翻譯的難點，story不能翻譯為“故事”，實際上2001年完形考題中出現的witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court,應該給我們以啟發，story不一定要翻譯為“故事”，在這個上下文中stories in court是“證人證言”，那麼本文中的journalist所關注的當然是“報道”了。而lawyers要enhance story直接翻譯為“提高報道”，會令人不知所雲，違背了“通順”原則，因此此處要選擇意譯。律師們對新聞加以評論，做出反應，當然是“增加報道的深度”，想想《今日說法》請到每期節目的法律專家們，不就是起到這個作用嗎？

看完了2007年的題目，我們得到什麼啟示呢？第一，每年考察的句法，詞法考點是固定的。二，翻譯這些考點的方法也是固定的。因此，通過真題復習，搞透這些考點，適當運用對症的翻譯方法，翻譯這塊雞肋要得高分並不是天方夜譚。

Ⅵ 考研英語閱讀，2007年text4，第二句畫圈部分的earn怎麼解釋the sort of na

earn這里是一個比較口語化的用法，意思是「使……耗盡精力；使……疲於應付」。

「一個新的問題又開始讓這些經理人/管理層疲於應付——尤其是在美國——這類糟糕的頭條消息必定會讓這些西裝革履的傢伙們頭痛不已——那就是數據安全問題」

Ⅶ 考研英語閱讀，2007年，text4，Left什麼意思seen as a concern onl

這里的left應該是leave的過去分詞，until now只是插進來的，left to才是應該連在一內起的容，left to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, 所以這里的left to你應該知道是什麼意思了。
這里的seen也是see的過去分詞，而see是看的意思，所以根據文中意思，這里翻譯成"被關注"比較貼切，所以這里斷句應該是seen/as a concern/only of data-rich instries/such as banking.
所以整個句子的意思大概是：以前這些信息的保密工作一直都是留給(注意：這里的"留給"就是left to)一些沒什麼水準的員工去處理，而且只被一些涉及大量數據的行業，像銀行啊電信啊航空行業這些所關注(它的保密工作←這是我自己加的，便於你理解)。

Ⅷ 考研英語真題2007年Text 3 第二段說的是什麼意思

注意：「但」字後面是重點，也就是說:媽媽爸爸都去參加工作的副作用，即家庭內風險加大。
後面有講述了容以前 是怎麼樣的——以前是男人工作，如果男人病倒了或失業了，那麼女人可以充當後備軍，去工作賺錢。
「可是如今」，注意「可是」後面是作者要講述的重點，現在是2個人賺錢，如果男人和女人同時失業或者別的原因，那麼家庭的經濟來源就沒有了，所以
後面的一句話也是對應了前面的一句話「很少有人能看到這些變化的副作用：家庭風險也由此加大了。」

Ⅸ 05——07年考研英語閱讀及譯文

回答字數在10000字以內，所以就放了2005年希望對你有用。

2005 Passage 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of 「goods and services」 than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement 「it is all too monkey」 (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

重點詞彙：

assumption  （假定；承擔；呈現）是assume的名詞形式；見1997年Text 2。.參consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆斷——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潛在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申訴人提出不滿意見交付仲裁者。悲痛傷心事不幸憂傷。因為有冤情（）而滿懷悲痛（）向申訴人申訴。

tardily  adv.緩慢。形容詞形式拖拉的。（諧音記憶：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）

counterpart （相似或對應的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前綴「對等」，part部分，「對等的部分」。見2000年 Passage 4 。
token  n. 表示, 向征, 記號, 代幣 adj. 象徵的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼淚是快樂的一種奇怪的表示。
reluctant  （不願的，勉強的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作「反復」，luct可看作詞根lect「選擇」，-ant形容詞後綴，人們都不願反反復復地作選擇，所以「反復選擇」→不願的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建議制度是有效的——不要不願使用它們。
indignation  n. 憤慨, 義憤。 記憶：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在裡面的民族，能不憤慨嗎？比如老薩，呵呵。形容詞形式 indignant  adj. 憤怒的, 憤慨的

難句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短語regard…as…的被動形式；with加名詞作狀語，即「帶有潛在的假定」，其中assumption後接有that引導的同位語從句解釋說明假定的內容。
翻譯：這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，他潛在的假定就是其他動物不可能有這種高度發達的不公平意識。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
該句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引導的時間狀語從句，其中包含了so that引導的目的狀語從句。
翻譯：當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。

試題解析：
這篇文章是講猴子有一種天然的公平意識，文章本身難度不是太大，一開始做了一個類比，講人的公平意識。然後根據這個類比，文章重點談猴子們的公平意識。這篇對比性的文章兩個方面要理解，第一，人類和猴子之間都有一種近似的表現，當受到不公正待遇的時候，都有義憤填膺的感覺，如果把握這個邏輯，就是類比的邏輯。第二, 最後兩段關於選擇的實驗的對象以及實驗的結果。

21題，我們應該選擇C，考察第一段的寫作手法，明顯用的是猴和人之間的相似形的比較關系。
22題答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做類比，指出猴子與人一樣都抱怨不公平
23題答案選A，這個是事實細節題，答案是根據文章第三段第一句話得到的，雌性的猴子被選擇做研究，是因為她們更加註重她們獲得的東西。
24題答案選擇C，他們最終的發現是什麼，篇章最後兩段反復重復，如果沒有受到公平的話，
25題選擇B.這篇文章第一段和最後一段都出現一個詞，"假設"為什麼猴和人都有這種心理反應，這個問題沒有得以解決。

全文翻譯：
人人都喜歡大幅加薪，但是當你知道一個同事薪水加得比你還要多的時候，那麼加薪帶給你的喜悅感就消失的無影無蹤了。如果他還以懶散出名的話，你甚至會變得怒不可遏。這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，其潛在的假定其他動物不可能具有如此高度發達的不公平意識。但是由喬治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal進行的一項研究表明，它也是「猴之常情」。這項研究成果剛剛發表在《自然》雜志上。

研究者們對雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為進行了研究。它們看起來很可愛，性格溫順，合作，樂於分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人們一樣，它們往往比雄性更關注「商品和服務」價值。這些特性使它們成為Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究對象。研究者們花了兩年的時間教這些猴子用代幣換取食物。正常情況下，猴子很願意用幾塊石頭換幾片黃瓜。但是，當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。

在卷尾猴的世界裡，葡萄是奢侈品（比黃瓜受歡迎得多）。所以當一隻猴子用一個代幣換回一顆葡萄時，第二隻猴子就不願意用自己的代幣換回一片黃瓜。如果一隻猴子根本無需用代幣就能夠得到一顆葡萄的話，那麼另外一隻就會將代幣擲向研究人員或者扔出房間外，或者拒絕接受那片黃瓜。事實上，只要在另一房間里出現了葡萄（不管有沒有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人員指出，正如人類一樣，卷尾猴也受社會情感的影響。在野外，它們是相互合作的群居動物。只有當每隻猴子感到自己沒有受到欺騙時，這種合作才可能穩定。不公平而引起的憤怒感似乎不是人類的專利。拒絕接受較少的酬勞可以讓這些情緒准確無誤地傳達給其它成員。但是這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨立演化而成，還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先，這還是一個懸而未決的問題。

2005 Passage 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report 「Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of 「paralysis by analysis」.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by 「paralysis by analysis」 (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

重點詞彙：
prudent adj. 謹慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天氣下外出時帶上件厚外套是謹慎的。名詞形式prudence n. 審慎。記憶：rude 粗魯的，無禮的，p不-rude粗魯的-ent形容詞後綴
paralysis n. 癱瘓, 麻痹。 para-側面。參見2003年Text 2。
paraphrase  （n.v.釋意）即para+phrase，para-前綴表「在旁邊、輔助」，phrase即「短語；用短語表達」，故「用短語輔助表達」→釋意。以para-為前綴的單詞還有paragraph（文章的段、節；短評）←para+graph寫；parameter（參數）←para+meter計量；parasite（寄生蟲）←para+site地點。
analysis  n. 分析, 分解。記憶：an-a-lysis，後綴同上，分析成一個an,a。聯想：反義詞synthesis n. 綜合, 合成

take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 帶頭,開始著手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.開始著手試圖解決這個問題
initiative  n. 主動。 名詞形式initiate vt. 開始, 發動, 傳授 v. 開始, 發起
legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法機關的 n. 立法機關。參見1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法規）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg詞根「法律」（參allegation宣稱，2003年Text 2），is是，late遲的，-ion名詞後綴，「法律是遲的」→舊法律難以適應新事物→所以要不斷「立法」→「立法」之產物即「法規」。

難句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主幹部分是The latest was a panel，表語panel後接有兩個定語成分：from的介詞短語和含enlisted的過去分詞，即「白宮召集的、來自國家科學院的專家團」，其中第二個定語成分中又包含一個不定式結構，表目的，即「為了告訴我們……而召集的（專家團）」。
翻譯：最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
該句子的主幹是由and連接的兩個並列從句，前一分句的主幹是science…provide us with…guide；後一分句的主幹是it is critical，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。從句的主幹是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments後接有兩個定語結構，一是that引導的定語從句，一是concerning分詞結構。
翻譯：但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
該句子的主幹是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as結構做比較狀語，意為「正如…一樣」；insisting 引導的分詞結構做定語修飾主語voice，分詞結構中含有兩個並列的由that引導的賓語從句，第二個賓語從句的真實主語是不定式結構to keep…
翻譯：就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。
試題解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的時事性文章，這也是一篇類比，考完了以後很多考生說這篇文章講抽煙，其實不是的，作者講抽煙是想說明現在的溫室效應，也是一種類比，許多人抽煙沒有人去管，因為缺乏足夠的證據,咱們各國政府也不管溫室效應, 也是同樣的原因。中心講的是世界各個政府對溫室效應的解決的態度，篇章的關鍵詞圍繞這樣三個問題展開，第一個就是證據不充足。第二是科學的意義。第三是制定法律，尤其最後三段大量出現立法和法規的現象，
26題選C，
27應該選D，科學應該作為一個指導性，是答案是根據文章第2段的最後兩句話。
28題是猜單詞題，單詞所在的句子的意思是有些人總要科學證據，結果抹殺了行動。所以選A。29答案選擇D，採取某種法律措施，法律在最後的段落重復的最多。
30題作者談的抽煙的教訓對我們溫室處理也是一樣的，選B。
全文翻譯：
還記得科學家們認為吸煙會致人死亡，而那些懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們無法對此得出定論的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為缺乏決定性的證據，科學也不確定的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為反對吸煙的游說是為了毀掉我們的生活方式，而政府應該置身事外的時候嗎？許多美國人相信了這些胡言亂語，在三十多年中，差不多有一千萬煙民早早的進了墳墓。
現在出現了與吸煙類似的令人感到難過的事情。科學家們前仆後繼，試圖使我們意識到全球氣候變暖所帶來的日益嚴重的威脅。最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。明確的信息表明是我們應該立刻著手保護自己。國家科學院院長Bruce Alberts在專家團報告的前言中加上了這一重要觀點：「科學解答不了所有問題。但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。在我們證實這件事之前可以向大氣中不斷的排放氣體。這是一個危險的游戲；到了有百分之百的證據的時候，可能就太晚了。隨著風險越來越明顯，並且不斷增加，一個謹慎的民族現在應該准備一份保單了。
幸運的是，白宮開始關注這件事了。但是顯然大多數總統顧問並沒有認真看待全球氣候變暖這個問題。他們沒有出台行動計劃，相反只是繼續迫切要求進行更多的研究――這是一個經典的「分析導致麻痹案例」。
為了成為地球上有責任心的一員，我們必須積極

Ⅹ 考研英語閱讀，2007年，text4，圖裡面第一句的mystery怎麼翻譯come怎麼解釋整句

mystery字面來翻譯是謎，神秘的，這源里可以理解為難以置信的是、令人吃驚的是，come as surprise固定搭配，指令人意外的，大吃一驚的。整句話可以說是：不可思議的是（難以置信的是）這（this做主語）竟讓很多BOSS大吃一驚