北京中考英語閱讀主旨大意
My summer hols wr CWOT.
我的夏季假期wr CWOT。
B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8.
B4,我們去紐約usd 2 2 2 c我的兄弟,他的CF &用力推3:ILNY - @孩子「保障未來糧食供給」,其gr8。
Can you understand this sentence?
你能理解這句話?
If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework.
如果你不能,覺得不太壞。也可以在英格蘭的中學教師接受這個作為家庭作業。
This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones.
這是探討:語言的計算機通信網路或手機上發現的。
To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language.
對新來者,它可以看起來像一個完全陌生的語言。
So, what is the "translation" of the sentence above?
那麼,什麼是「翻譯」上面的句子嗎?
My summer holidays were a complete waste of time.
我的暑假完全是浪費時間。
Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face.
以前我們去紐約看我的哥哥,他的女朋友,以及他們的三個孩子面對面的尖叫。
I love New York; it's great.
我愛紐約;它是偉大的。
Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language.
教師和父母說這種新形式的英語寫作是傷害。
Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes cxan be seen in students' writing.
增加的拼寫和語法錯誤cxan出現在學生的寫作。
They fear the language could become corruptedEveryone should just relax, say linguists.
他們擔心這種語言可能會損壞,大家都應該放鬆,說語言學家。
They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing.
他們相信更多的探討實際上是一件好事。
David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again.
大衛晶體,從威爾士大學認為,探討網路和互聯網創建一個新的語言使用和幾乎失去了藝術的日記寫作已經再次升溫。
Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees.
Geoffrey Nunberg,從斯坦福大學,同意。
"People get better at writing by writing," he says, "Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.
「人們更好地寫作,寫作,」他說,「孩子們現在正在做的簡訊,電子郵件和即時消息將寫至少以及,可能比,他們的父母。
"Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language.
「語言學家詹姆斯Millroy說,幾個世紀以來,它被認為是沒有例外,年輕人造成傷害的語言。
And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way.
而且可以肯定的底部,當今天的青少年美元成為明天的父母,他們也會這么想。
Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become "corrupted"; they simply change to meet the new needs.
Milroy認為,語言不,不能成為「腐敗」;他們只是改變以適應新的需要。
However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English.
然而,Netspeakers做同意這是重要的教年輕人怎樣說和寫標准英語。
Cynthia McVey says, "I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text me
辛西婭·維所說:「我能理解探討教師和它的重要的擔憂,他們通過他們的學生,用簡訊發給我
我的夏季假期wr CWOT。B4,我們去紐約usd 2 2 2 c我的兄弟,他的CF &用力推3:ILNY - @孩子「保障未來糧食供給」,其gr8。你能理解這句話?如果你不能,覺得不太壞。也可以在英格蘭的中學教師接受這個作為家庭作業。這是探討:語言的計算機通信網路或手機上發現的。對新來者,它可以看起來像一個完全陌生的語言。那麼,什麼是「翻譯」上面的句子嗎?我的暑假完全是浪費時間。以前我們去紐約看我的哥哥,他的女朋友,以及他們的三個孩子面對面的尖叫。我愛紐約;它是偉大的。教師和父母說這種新形式的英語寫作是傷害。增加的拼寫和語法錯誤cxan出現在學生的寫作。他們擔心這種語言可能會損壞,大家都應該放鬆,說語言學家。他們相信更多的探討實際上是一件好事。大衛晶體,從威爾士大學認為,探討網路和互聯網創建一個新的語言使用和幾乎失去了藝術的日記寫作已經再次升溫。Geoffrey Nunberg,從斯坦福大學,同意。 「人們更好地寫作,寫作,」他說,「孩子們現在正在做的簡訊,電子郵件和即時消息將寫至少以及,可能比,他們的父母。「語言學家詹姆斯Millroy說,幾個世紀以來,它被認為是沒有例外,年輕人造成傷害的語言。而且可以肯定的底部,當今天的青少年美元成為明天的父母,他們也會這么想。Milroy認為,語言不,不能成為「腐敗」;他們只是改變以適應新的需要。然而,Netspeakers做同意這是重要的教年輕人怎樣說和寫標准英語。辛西婭·維所說:「我能理解探討教師和它的重要的擔憂,他們通過他們的學生,用簡訊發給我
B. 中考英語閱讀理解考點分析
中考英語閱讀理解部分所彎唯缺選文章題材多樣,近年來出題比較多的有人物故事、民族風情、科普知識,以及一些社會熱點話題。試題形式也日益靈活多變,圖表類試題有所增加。
一、人物故事
人物故事類的短文通常包括故事情節、人物或事物之間的關系、作者的態度和意圖、故事的起因或結局等幾個主要方面。閱讀時要盡快把握文章可能涉及到的五個 W(Who, Where, When, What, Why) 和一個H (How)。只要抓住了這些關鍵環節,就可以很好地把握整篇文章的主要內容,做題時就會達到事半功倍的效果。
二、民族風情
《英語課程標准》中提到要培養我們的文化意識。近幾年,在閱讀理解題的選材方面出現了多樣化的趨勢。例如介紹某個國家或地區的河流、山脈以及社會生活、政治經濟、文化習俗等方面的情況。這要求考生注重語言的文化特徵,不僅要了解其表層意思,還要了解其滲透的文化背景。因此,考生平時應拓寬知識面,對世界各國的民族文化有更多的了解。
三、科普知識
科普知識類文章的特點是科技詞彙較多,文章常使用一般現在時,句子長且結構復雜,理論性和邏輯性較強。考生往往對文章所介紹的內容感到陌生,使得這類試題難度較大。考生要根據文章的上下文來猜測詞義,理解難句,以達到理解全篇,把握主旨大意的目的。科普類說明文一般對事物的特點、特徵進行表述,幫助人們更好的認識事物。因此,閱讀這山拿類文章重在把握被說明事物各因素之間的聯系,如因果、條件、種屬、並列等;以及說明方法,如定義、例釋、類比等。考生應加強此類文章的閱讀訓練,不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的能力。
四、熱點話題
閱讀理解題的選材特點埋辯是:內容時尚,緊緊圍繞社會熱點、校園生活等選材;題材新穎,體裁多樣,命題巧妙,不僅要理解一般性的何時、何地、何人、何事等方面的要點,而且要從深層挖掘,理解話外之意,弦外之音,領會作者的寫作意圖以及文章對讀者、社會產生的諸多影響;要求學生能迅速理解文章主旨大意,段落細節,並能准確選出正確答案。考生除擴大閱讀量外,並關還應隨時關注社會新聞和身邊發生的事情。
五、圖表
近幾年閱讀理解題命題更加體現實用性。有一類試題,圖表占很大比重,只有少量的文字說明,例如,廣告、海報、圖書目錄、電視節目表、菜單、統計表、旅遊須知、火車和飛機的時刻表等等。這類試題主要考查學生獲取信息和搜索信息的能力。在進行閱讀理解的過程中可採用兩種方法:先通讀全文,再答題;先看文章後的問題,再從文章中找答案。第二種方法對解決事實細節題比較有效,考生可帶著問題在文中尋找答案。在做圖表類閱讀題時,可以針對題目的要求在文章中進行有目的的識讀
C. 2017中考英語閱讀理解題的問題類型及其解題方法
中考英語閱讀理解題的問題類型及其解題方法
閱讀理解是中考的必考題型,因為它能全面快速地反映出學生的英語水平。閱讀理解題型有很多種,但從命題角度來看,通常可以分為四種:即事實細節題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題和主旨大意題。
事實理解題主要考查學生對文章中的細節與具體事實的把握能力,內容涉及詢問事實、原因、結果和目的等,屬於淺層次的理解題,難度較低。同學們需要在有限的時間歲漏內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,發現文章中的細節信息,然後遵循由整體到細節的原則,把握作者的思路,按全文—段落—詞語的步驟來解題。
一、命題特點
事實細節題的考點非常明確,主要有以下幾處:
1、列舉信息處常考。
文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等並列關系出現的地方,常會要求考生從所列的內容中,選擇符合題干要求的選項。
2、舉列與打比方之處常考。
考生要對那些引出例子或比喻的標志詞,如as, such as, for example, for instance等加以注意,因為這些詞是作者為使自己的觀點更具說服力而用來引出具體事例的,這些事例就是常考的細節處。
3、指示代詞出現處常考。
這類考題常用來考查學生是否真正了解上下文句子之間的邏輯關系。
4、引用人物論斷處常考。
作者為正確表達自己的觀點或使論點更有依據,常會引用某些權威人士的論斷或採納其重要的發現。
5、特殊標點符號後的內容常考。
因為特殊標點符號後的內容往往是對前面內容的進一步解釋或說明,同學們注意到這些標點,也就注意到了細節。這些特殊符號包括表示乎扮爛解釋的破折號、括弧和冒號以及表示引用的引號等。
另外,事實細節題的選項也很有特點:通常正確答案不是照搬的原文;干擾選項則正好相反,有的來自原文信息,但不是題目要求的內容;有的符合常識,但不符合原文內容;有的與原句內容極為相似,只是在程度上有些缺遲變動;有的與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反;也有的是部分正確或部分錯誤。
二、解題方法
1. 跳讀查找法
這個方法的要點在於先看題干,帶著問題讀文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提問的問題,可以從文章中直接找到答案。同學們做這類題時可以邊讀邊做記號,能加強閱讀的針對性,提高做題的准確率,節省寶貴的時間,這是做事實細節題最基本也是最常用的方法。一般來說,細節題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解,同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子,然後進行比較和分析,便可確定答案。
另外,運用跳讀查找法解題時,同學們要特別注意試題以及選項與原文之間的適當變換。根據近幾年的中考題情況來看,很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的,通常要進行一定的處理,而這種「處理」主要就是進行語義轉換,其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。
例:I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn』t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
1. How many children does the writer』s mother have?
A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six.
2. 排除法
排序題也屬於事實細節題的一種題型,它通常出現在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息詞,如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息詞的提示閱讀,可以加快理解的進程。在做細節排序題時,首先要確定首或尾的答案,通常四個選項中會有兩個選項的順序類似,正確答案往往在這兩個選項中選擇,找到兩者的不同之處,回到原文,進行核對,一旦確定,後面的排序就不用再比較了。
例:A topiary gardener should make a drawing first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardener then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one that is already in place.
In June of the plant』s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it』s time to shape (給……造型) the bottom of the bush. It needs about five years. The top is not trimmed ring this time. In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole bush.
2. Put the following in the right order according to the passage.
a. The gardener chooses a bush for the topiary.
b. The whole bush grows tall enough for shaping.
c. The gardener begins to shape the bottom of the bush.
d. The gardener draws the shape of a topiary.
A. d→a→b→c B. b→c→a→d C. a→d→c→b D. d→a→c→b
3. 簡單計演算法
數字計算題也是事實細節題的一種,要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除運算,以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時,考生首先要弄清題乾的要求是什麼,然後找到與它相關的數字,再對它們進行分析、整合,最後計算出正確答案。
例:When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
3. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________of that in 1900.
A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth
細節題占閱讀理解的比例很大,閱讀時要特別注意以下幾點:
第一,閱讀時,利用這類關鍵詞和片語that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等,把握文章的思路和脈絡。另外在問題的選項中表示絕對意義的詞first (第一),least (最不),always (總是),never(永不),all(所有),none(一個也不),any(任何)和表示性的詞彙only(只有) , just(僅僅),往往是命題的陷阱,因此要多加註意。
第二,閱讀時,必須以原文提供的事實、細節和邏輯關系為依據,切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作者的觀點、看法混為一談。
第三,文章中的數字、日期、時間都是設題的重點,此類題目很少是文章中表層出現的數字或日期,通常需要做簡單的計算。
閱讀能力的提高非一朝之功,需要一個過程。同學們應該持之以恆,進行有計劃、有目的的閱讀實踐,提高閱讀能力。
推理判斷題
推理判斷題是每年中考的必考題型之一,也是英語閱讀理解中難度較大的題型,屬於深層理解題。它要求學生對文章中的內容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理,也就是要運用邏輯推理能力推論出蘊含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實及暗示的含義,即英語中所說的「read between the lines」。因此,學生應在理解全文的基礎上,從文章本身所提供的信息出發,運用邏輯思維,並藉助一定的常識進行分析、推理,在已知和未知信息之間搭起橋梁,透過字里行間,體會「弦外之音」,從而揭示文章的深層涵義。
一、推理判斷題常見提問方式
1. The writer/author/passage implies/suggests (暗示)that __________.
2. It can be inferred(推斷)from the passage that __________.
3. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
4. What does the author conclude about?
5. The passage is intended to __________.
6. The first paragraph of this passage is to __________.
7. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?
8. From the passage, we can learn/conclude that __________.
9. Which of the following might happen later?
10. The passage may be a/an __________.
11. Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT true?
二、選項特點分析
命題人在設置選項時,會遵循一定的特點和規律,因此學生了解了推理判斷題選項的特點,對提高選項的正確率會有很大幫助。
1.正確選項的特點
(1)正確答案一般含義比較豐富,具有一定的綜合性和概括性;
(2)正確答案的表述一般不會太絕對,而會用一些相對能夠留下一些餘地的詞彙,如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等;
(3)正確答案有的時候反而是與通過常識判斷得出的結論相反,要特別注意。
2.干擾選項的特點
(1)只是原文的簡單復述,而非推斷出的結論;
(2)看似從原文推斷出來的結論,然而實際上與原文不符;
(3)根據常識判斷是正確的,然而不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的觀點;
(4)雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據,但推理過頭、概括過度;
(5)有部分選項的內容純屬編造。
三、推理判斷題的解題方法
做推理判斷題要注意兩點:一是推理,二是判斷,而且兩者密不可分。推理是為了判斷,判斷依賴於推理。推理判斷題要求學生根據原文,經過推理,進行判斷,從而得出結論,所以推理判斷題的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是,推理時務必要忠實於原文,在文章中尋找可推論的依據,切忌妄加評論,把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。下面結合2011年各省市的中考題,就考試中常用的四種推理方法進行一一說明。
1. 抓住特定關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理
做此類試題要善於抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息,即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷,利用正向推理或逆向思維,從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
例:Mark Wellman showed that if you set your heart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dream impossible.
1. What can we learn from the passage?
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B. Dreams will come true in the end.
C. Each step is important to success.
D. Nothing can stop a strong will.
2. 利用作者的思想感情進行推斷
作者在寫作時,自然而然會滲透自己的喜怒哀樂。通過一些表達感情色彩或思想傾向的措辭,領會作者的思想感情,一些考查觀點態度的題目就迎刃而解了。
例:My whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers, I feel regretful that I cannot find them and say thank you. I do not even remember what the man』s face looked like, but he taught me a lesson — people are more important than things.
2. According to the passage, which word can best describe the man?
A. Rude. B. Funny. C. Silly. D. Kind.
例:I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in time to catch the 7:25 train to Paris, but there was no hope of that now. …It was almost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly, took hold of my bags quickly and hurried inside. 「Paris train」 was all I had time to say to the official (鐵路職工) I saw. You can guess how I feel when he pointed to a train that was just moving out of the station.
3. How did the writer feel at Vienna station?
A. He felt lonely. B He felt angry. C. He felt surprised D. He felt sad.
3. 根據上下文的邏輯關系得出結論
不同的文章有不同的寫作方法和文章結構。但是,在任何一篇文章中,段與段之間、句與句之間都存在著某種邏輯關系。抓住了這種邏輯關系,也就把握住了作者的寫作思路和寫作意圖。
例:2011年北京卷
My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF, ILNY, its gr8.
Can you understand this sentence? If you can』t, don』t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: …
4. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To give an example of a foreign language.
B. To show an example of creative methods.
C. To express worries about using Netspeak.
D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.
4. 結合常識進行推斷
有些文章,如科普類說明文、記敘類時政要聞等文體具有一定的背景知識。因此解答此類文章的題目,除了把握相關文段的細節外,還應注意充分運用自己的常識,結合題目去分析推理。
例:BEIJING (Xinhua) — Chinese have started to enjoy cars at low prices after the country became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, competition between people has become stronger. According to the China』s Ministry of Personnel (人事部), about 170 million people will lose their jobs after the country has joined the WTO.
5. This passage is probably _____.
A. a story B. a note C. a letter D. a news report
以上分別從四個方面講解了如何對文章隱含信息進行推理判斷,但有時候題目的設計不一定這么層次分明,需要同時從不同角度對文章的信息進行綜合分析、推理和判斷。例如方法三中的例子,需要綜合考慮上下文邏輯關系以及文章的感情色彩,才能做出正確的判斷。因此,在閱讀的過程中,需要考生在熟練掌握的基礎上靈活運用這些方法。
D. 中考英語閱讀理解的題材
中考英語閱讀理解:窮人的孩子早當家
Mr Brown was born in a poor family.He couldn』t go to school when he was young.Now he』s a porter[1] and works at a station.He doesn』t think it』s necessary[2] to know some knowledge[3] of science.His son,Bill,began to go to school last year.The boy likes nothing except playing.He doesn』t listen to the teachers in class and can』t do his homework after class.It』s the hardest thing for him to do maths exercises.And he wants to drop it.
Last evening Mrs Brown heard Bill crying in the next room while she and her husband were watching TV.She came up to him and asked,「What』s the matter,Bill?」
「I can』t do my maths homework,」said the boy.「I won』t go to school tomorrow!
「No,no,don』t do that!」said the woman.「Maybe your father can help you.」
Then she asked her husband to help their son with his maths.Mr Brown said,「But I don』t know maths,either.」
「It doesn』t matter,」said his wife.「You』ll only coax him out of crying.」
Mr Brown had to do as his wife said.The next afternoon Bill came back and showed his exercise?book to his father.The man had a look at it and shouted to his wife,「Come here quickly,dear!I got an A in maths!」
Notes:[1]porter /`pt/n.搬運工 [2]necessary/`nesIsrI/adj.必要的 [3]knowledge/`nlId/n.知識
根據短文內容,選擇正確答案。
1.Which of the following is true?
A.Mr Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.
B.Mr Brown』s parents were too poor to send him to school.
C.Mr Brown wasn』t interested in science when he was young.
D.There was no school in Mr Brown』s hometown.
2.Bill can』t do his homework because .
A.his father wouldn』t help him
B.he doesn』t listen to his teachers
C.he doesn』t like studying D.he wants to drop maths
3.Bill cried to .
A.get his parents』 help B.go to bed earlier
C.get something to eat D.watch TV with his parents
4.The phrase 「coax sb. out of crying」 in the story means .
A.制止某人哭泣 B.惹得某人哭泣
C.阻止某人叫喊 D.哄某人停止哭泣
5. is good at maths in their family.
A.Bill B.Mr Brown C.Mrs Brown D.None
6.When he had a look at Bill』s exercise-book,Mr Brown was .
A.sorry B.happy C.worried D.sad
答案見下頁
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.D
6.B
初一英語天天練:閱讀理解--煩人的蚊子
We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide that she loves you. She? Yes, she. It』s true that male mosquito doesn』t bite(咬) and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn』t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen. You』re different from the others!
If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different. After she bites, you will have an itch(癢) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. By the time the itching begins, and she has flown away.
And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She just wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs.
1. 「Mosquito」 means _______ in Chinese.
A. 蒼蠅 B. 蜻蜓
C. 跳蚤 D. 蚊子
2. We know mosquitoes very well because ___________.
A. they can be found easily B. they fly here and there
C. there are many kinds of them D. they can fly
3. If the mosquito doesn』t bite you, it will ________.
A. get angry with you B. be afraid of you
C. make a lot of noise D. choose another one
4. The mosquito bites you _________.
A. when you』re asleep B. because you have choose it
C. too quickly to let you know D. but doesn』t like you
5. Which of the following sentences is wrong?
A. The itching begins after the mosquito bites you.
B. You feel terrible when the mosquito bites you.
C. Mosquitoes use blood to lay eggs.
D. All the mosquitoes don』t like to bite people for blood.
答案及解析:
1. D。 「吸血」和「會飛」是mosquitoes的兩個主要特徵。根據這兩個特點,聯系生活常識,即可選定答案。另外,讀罷全文之後,也能將其餘選項予以排除。
2. B。 「We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere.」一句是答案的出處。
3. D。 答案就在「But if she doesn』t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood.」這句話之中。
4. C。 答案的依據是「…she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different.」一句。
5. B。 其餘三項在文中都有明確的說明。根據上面那個小題的內容,B項明顯是錯誤的。
高考英語閱讀理解真題解析·最初的和最後的人類
導語:2014高考臨近,我為考生們整理了高考英語閱讀理解真題解析 , 希望對大家有所幫助。
Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilizations(文明), broken up by long 「dark ages」 in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men. In 2,000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.
However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred? The next thousand? The next million? That』s much more difficult.
When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50,000 years from now, we may seem as primitive(原始的) in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can』t think of.
So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live because we are careless or greedy(貪婪) or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.
Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So set you imagination free when you think about the future.
1. A particular mention made of Stapledon』s book in the opening paragraph ________.
A. serves as a description of human history
B. serves an introction to the discussion
C. shows a disagreement of views
D. shows the popularity of the book
2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that ________.
A. human history is extremely long
B. life has changed a great deal
C. it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
D. it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
3. Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to ________.
A. tools used in farming
B. ideas about modern life
C. unknown things in the future
D. hunting skills in the Stone Age
4. according to the writer of the text, imagining the future will ________.
A. serve the interests of the present and future generations
B. enable us to better understand human history
C. help us to improve farming
D. make life worth living(www.nmet168.com)
【答案與解析】 這是一篇由 Olaf Stapledon 所著的《最初的和最後的人類》而引出的關於幻想未來的文章。
1. B。 用排除法解答:先排除 A,因為這篇短文並非是對人類歷史進行描述;再排除C,因為作者在此文章中並非表明對不同觀點的否定;最後排除 D,因為作者並非要說明這本書的普遍意義。至於 B 項內容,正好符合這本書引導人們討論的意圖,故應選 B。
2. D。 文中提及五萬年前,處於狩獵時代的人們不可能勾勒出現代生活的畫卷;也許我們將來會被認為是我們所認為的原始人,正如石器時代的狩獵者和我們相比一樣,可知要預測較為遙遠的未來是一件困難的事情。
3. C。 從上下文可知,這四個詞彙是作者杜撰的,用以形象地表示五萬年後未知的事物和行為。
4. A。 文中提及現在即開始對未來展開想像,是基於兩點理由:人生是有限的;我們可能得到一些對我們自己切實可行的新見解。文中還提及如果我們因粗心大意和貪得無厭而把地球弄得一塌糊塗而不能居住,我們的子孫們就不難找到遷怒於我們的理由,故應選A。
中考英語閱讀理解及答案:窮人的'孩子早當家
導讀: 英語水平的提高需要靠一點一滴的積累和長期的訓練和應用。對於即將面臨中考的考生們來說,每天做一些英語閱讀題目是很有必要的。初中頻道每日一練將持續更新,敬請關注!
Mr Brown was born in a poor family.He couldn』t go to school when he was young.Now he』s a porter[1] and works at a station.He doesn』t think it』s necessary[2] to know some knowledge[3] of science.His son,Bill,began to go to school last year.The boy likes nothing except playing.He doesn』t listen to the teachers in class and can』t do his homework after class.It』s the hardest thing for him to do maths exercises.And he wants to drop it.
Last evening Mrs Brown heard Bill crying in the next room while she and her husband were watching TV.She came up to him and asked,「What』s the matter,Bill?」
「I can』t do my maths homework,」said the boy.「I won』t go to school tomorrow!
「No,no,don』t do that!」said the woman.「Maybe your father can help you.」
Then she asked her husband to help their son with his maths.Mr Brown said,「But I don』t know maths,either.」
「It doesn』t matter,」said his wife.「You』ll only coax him out of crying.」
Mr Brown had to do as his wife said.The next afternoon Bill came back and showed his exercise?book to his father.The man had a look at it and shouted to his wife,「Come here quickly,dear!I got an A in maths!」
Notes:[1]porter /`pt/n.搬運工 [2]necessary/`nesIsrI/adj.必要的 [3]knowledge/`nlId/n.知識
根據短文內容,選擇正確答案。
1.Which of the following is true?
A.Mr Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.
B.Mr Brown』s parents were too poor to send him to school.
C.Mr Brown wasn』t interested in science when he was young.
D.There was no school in Mr Brown』s hometown.
2.Bill can』t do his homework because .
A.his father wouldn』t help him
B.he doesn』t listen to his teachers
C.he doesn』t like studying D.he wants to drop maths
3.Bill cried to .
A.get his parents』 help B.go to bed earlier
C.get something to eat D.watch TV with his parents
4.The phrase 「coax sb. out of crying」 in the story means .
A.制止某人哭泣 B.惹得某人哭泣
C.阻止某人叫喊 D.哄某人停止哭泣
5. is good at maths in their family.
A.Bill B.Mr Brown C.Mrs Brown D.None
6.When he had a look at Bill』s exercise-book,Mr Brown was .
A.sorry B.happy C.worried D.sad
答案解析在下一頁:
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.D
6.B
中考英語閱讀理解及答案:助人為樂
導讀: 英語水平的提高需要靠一點一滴的積累和長期的訓練和應用。對於即將面臨中考的考生們來說,每天做一些英語閱讀題目是很有必要的。初中頻道每日一練將持續更新,敬請關注!
The clock struck(敲)eight,but I was still on the bed.I could hear it was blowing strongly.「It must be windy outside,」 I thought.
I came to the small town a week ago. I sold some clothes to a shop.Christmas was coming and I hoped to buy some presents for my family and friends.So I tried to meet the manager and ask him to pay for(付款)them.I was out of luck(運氣不好).He went to London and I had to wait for him here.There was no theatre here but a cinema.The films were all too old.I preferred staying in the small hotel to sitting in the cold cinema(我寧願待在小旅館里,也不願坐在冰冷的電影院里).
Half an hour later,I felt hungry.I had to get up.It was white everywhere and some children were skiing down the hill.On my way to the small restaurant,I saw a boy fall on to a rock(岩石).I ran to him quickly and carried him to a hospital.Soon his parents came here.Now I knew the boy was just the manager's son.He thanked me very much and gave me the money after we had a dinner.
1)What was the weather like today?
______________________________
2)What did the writer(作者)come to the town for?
______________________________
3)Why did the writer prefer staying in the hotel?
______________________________
4)When did the writer get up?
______________________________
5)Why did the manager thank the writer?
______________________________
1)It was a windy day today.
2)He came to the town to ask the manager to pay for the clothes.
3)Because it was a little warmer there.
4)He got up at half past eight.
5)Because the writer saved his son.
初中英語閱讀知識點:閱讀理解的解題技巧
閱讀理解主要考查學生一下幾個方面的閱讀理解能力:
1、理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。
2、理解和把握文章具體信息來獲取有關信息能力,及根據上下文提供的語境推測生詞詞義、句意,進而加深對文章的理解能力。
3、根據文章進行簡單的數字推算和計算的能力。
4、既要理解詞、短語、句子和文章的表層意思,更要理解其深層含義和抽象概念的能力。
5、理解全篇的邏輯關系,根據已知信息進行合理的推理判斷和預測新信息的能力。
解題技巧:
1、順序法:先讀懂文章,然後按順序答題。此方法適合內容較易於理解和記憶飛文章。
2、顛倒法:先讀試題再讀文章,這樣我們可以帶著問題有的放矢的閱讀文章並迅速發現答案。
3、交叉法:先閱讀一篇文章,把握中心大意後開始答題,對暫時確定不了的答案,可再次回讀文章的有關內容並對其進行分析、推敲後再確定。
4、排除法:對拿不準的答案,可先逐項排除自己有把握的錯誤選項,再將剩下的答案進行比較、篩選,直到確定最佳答案。
5、要尊重原材料中的信息、觀點,並在此基礎上答題;不要憑想當然、主觀臆斷答題,不要鑽牛角尖。
6、在做任務型閱讀回答問題時,要盡量簡略回答,無關信息盡量刪除。特殊疑問句的回答基本是直接信息,在原文中能直接找到答案。
E. 中考英語閱讀的四種題型都是什麼主旨 推斷。。 還有什麼題型
常見題型:一、主旨大意題閱讀理解是對整個文章的目的、意圖、觀點、立場、態度以及內在的邏輯關系的理解,而不是斷章取義的一孔之見,所以統覽全篇和問題是很有必要的,這些問題會給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細節。在統覽全篇的同時要注意抓住文章的中心大意,捕捉主題 句,因為一些顯性的答案是可以從主題句中直接回答,而隱性的答案則是要通過對全篇的理解才能得出。主題句一般具有以下特徵:1、概括全段思想。2、一般位於段首、段尾或位於段中,它通常是用單詞、短語表達的。當然,有些短語沒有完整的主題句,其主題只好依據整篇文章及上下文的語境,不是某句話的表面意思。3、解這種題目時,不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,比如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題,都需要在細讀全文的基礎上,結合所學語言知識、背景知識、生活常識、科學專業知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中內隱的信息。主旨題常見的命題形式:(1) The main idea of this text may be…….(2) This passage is mainly about…….(3) The author's purpose in writing this text…….(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(5) What』s the topic of the text?(6) The passage gives us is…...典型例題:如:2005年北京市中考題閱讀理解C篇第二題:The second paragraph mainly tells us that ____.A. Japanese are always healthier than AmericansB. living in the US is not good for people』s healthC. if you eat too much fat you will have cancerD. the way we eat may cause some health problems答案為D。作者表明飲食方式造成人們的健康問題,提出了主題句,此外,為闡明主題思想,在主題之後以日本為例進一步解釋說明此問題。這一類的段落包括三個層次,即:引題—主題—解釋。如果學生把握了這類題型的特點就很容易得出結論。第四題:The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.A. to introce a food guide to the worldB. to provide us with knowledge of six food groupsC. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy lifeD. to find the main cause of some serious diseases答案為C。不同的飲食習慣給我們的健康生活帶來了不同的影響,而不是提供各種類型食物的知識等,因此不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,選擇其它的選項。二、推斷題這種題目有一定難度,往往不能直接從文中找到答案,而必須根據上下文及其相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後,才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的態度、觀點、意圖、語氣等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,這些題目一般都是深層意義的題目,他們沒有明示,大多數屬於模糊性的,甚至是模稜兩可。解答這類題時,要求同學予以高度重視注意從話題出發,充分運用自己的邏輯思維能力,從文章的內在含義和字里行間中,從作者的態度和取向中獲取信息,做出正確的判斷,應特別注意以下特徵。1、吃透文章的表層意思,是推理的前提和基礎;2、推理的根據來自於上下文;3、不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點;4、在提問中常用的詞有suggest,mean,infer(推斷),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion,probably,likely,reason,because,according to"等。推斷題常有的命題形式:
F. 北京市中考英語閱讀回答問題的最後一問,主旨大意題,有什麼格式
一般可以用what、how等引導問句
如果寫事物的話還可以the...of...
別忘了一般兩個要點,要寫兩個
G. 中考英語閱讀選title的題怎麼做
了解大體內容,文章主旨
選擇標題在英語閱讀理解題中屬主旨大意題,是深層理解題,它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎上,認真分析主人公的特定心態、文章大意及作者的寫作意圖。通常情況下,標題具有概括性、針對性、醒目性的特點。所謂概括性,就是指標題應在最大程度上覆蓋全文,囊括文章的主要內容,體現文章的主題。針對性是對標題外延的一種界定,標題要直接指向文章的主要特點。而醒目性是為了吸引讀者的注意力,喚起讀者對文章閱讀的興趣。
H. 指導:英語閱讀及表達題詳解及答題步驟
閱讀與表達
一、題型簡介
閱讀與表達是近兩年中考英語中出現的新題型,要求學生閱讀短文並回答問題。短文通常有3%的生詞量,單詞量在250~300左右。本題有5道小題,共10分。此題難度較大,它不僅考查了學生的閱讀能力還考查了學生的書面表達能力。
二、考查要點
掌握所讀短文的主旨和大意
了解闡述主旨的事實和細節
了解詞義晌御和句義深層含義
根據所讀短文進行判斷和推論
根據所讀短文概括文章大意
三、歷史回顧
2004年和2005年兩年的中考題中,各種疑問句的比例沒有變化,特殊疑問句的比例佔60%,其次是一野陸般疑問句和選擇疑問句,各佔20%,反意疑問句沒有考。回答一般疑問句時用YES或NO,回答選擇疑問句,一般從選項中選一項,或用Both/Neither回答的較少。回答特殊疑問句要看懂問什麼,關鍵是看清疑問詞。
四、未來預測
1 命題難度將有所上升,突出能力考查與選拔功能,閱讀理解難度略有提高,這主要表現在命題從不同角度,不同思維方式出發,除了考查學生准確獲得信息的能力外更多的是測試學生綜合運用英語的能力。
2 閱讀的題材與體裁也多樣化,篇幅會有所加長,材料也會更趨現代化,生活化,知識化,以突出實用性和時代性。
3 在命題上會加大對考生理解、概括、推理宴脊岩和判斷等深層次能力的考查。
4 問題的樣式也將更多樣化,更全面。
五、 提問類型
1.由一般疑問句引出的判斷題
Example1:Did Frank know how to get people to buy his goods quickly?
Key:Yes. / Yes, he did. (西城區2006年期末測試)
(原文) Woolworth(Frank) realized he had a skill for displaying goods to attract people』s interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his manager told him to sell some odds and ends for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said: Five Cents Each. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon empty.
Example2: Is Jason』s human-powered machine a bicycle?
Key: Yes. / Yes, it is. (2005年北京市中考題)
(原文) Jason Queally is one of the fastest men in the world on bicycle. But do you really call the thing in the picture a bicycle? Well, yes. Jason』s human-powered (人力的) machine, with its two wheels, is, of course, a bicycle.
Example3: Is pleasure reading important for learning English?
Key: Yes. / Yes, it is. (2004年北京市中考題)
(原文) Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most important way.
Example4: Do you learn all the things you need to know at school?
Key: No. / No, we don』t. (宣武區2006年期末測試)
(原文) There are many things we need to know. But we don』t learn them at school.
2.用一句話概括文章大意,提問形式有以下幾種類型:
uWhat did the story tell us?
uWhat does the writer want us to do by writing the passage?
uWhat』s the main idea of the passage?
3.由特殊疑問詞Who(人物)、Where(地點)、When(時間)、What(事件)、Why(原因)、How(方式)引導的特殊疑問句來提問文章的細節。
Example1: Where were they traveling?
Key: They were traveling through (in) the desert.
(2006東城區形成性測試Unit 18)
(原文)A story tells that two friends were walking through the desert.
Example2: How did he feel when his friend slapped him in the face?
Key: He felt hurt / angry / unhappy / sad.
(2006東城區形成性測試Unit 18)
(原文) In the journey they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face. The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, wrote in the sand:
「TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE.」
Example3: What did his friend do when he was in trouble?
Key: His friend helped him (out) / saved his life (him).
(2006東城區形成性測試Unit 18)
(原文) They kept on walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. The one who had been slapped got stuck in mud and asked for help, his friend helped him out. After that, he wrote on a stone:
「TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SAVED MY LIFE.」
Example4: What should we compare when we use money wisely?
Key: We should compare the prices and quality of the things in different shop.
(宣武區2006年期末測試)
(原文)There are many things we need to know. But we do not learn them at school. For example, if we want to use our money wisely, we need to shop carefully. We need to know how to compare (比較) the prices of things in different shops.
We also need to compare the quality (質量) of different brands.
Example5: How many small choices are mentioned in the fifth paragraph?
Key: Three.
(宣武區2006年期末測試)
(原文)Some of these choices are small. For example, will I take an apple or a pear for lunch? Will I take the bus to school today or will I walk there? Will I wear the red T-shirt or the blue one to the movies? Other choices are more important. For example, will I eat healthy food for lunch or will I eat unhealthy food because it is more delicious? Will I work hard in all my classes or will I only work hard in the classes I enjoy? We make choices like this every day.
六、答題步驟
1.瀏覽全文,捕捉信息。
通過瀏覽全文,掌握其大意,了解作者的觀點和寫作意圖。
2.細讀問題,分析信息。
通過瀏覽全文後,已對文章或段落大意有所了解,再讀考題,對要捕捉的信息進行分析、推理,這樣便可先解答與主題思想有關的問題。
3.復讀全文,抓住細節。
帶著問題去復讀,可縮小復讀范圍,更便於捕捉關鍵的信息。復讀時可邊讀邊用鉛筆做標記,把有關的人物、事件、時間、地點、起因(即 5W:who,what,where,when,why)劃出來。經過這樣的處理,對文章的內容和細節便更清楚了。另外,再復讀全文時,還應特別注意首段或每一自然段的首句和結尾句。因為在首句和首段,作者往往要說明事件的起因,闡述自己的觀點或事件發生的時間,地點與人物的關系。結尾句、段是事件的結論或作者表達的態度、意圖、目的等。
4.回答問題,言簡意賅 。
回答問題時,不要照抄原文,會自己概括總結,簡單明了。
5.再讀全文,核對答題。
這是最後一步,也是重要的一步,不能忽視。這一步驟要用全文的主題思想統率各考題,把在閱讀和答題時所得到的信息歸納整理一遍之後,再讀一遍短文檢查答案,看是否前後一致,意義和語言知識是否和原文相符,是否符合邏輯等。發現前後矛盾、遺漏要點等錯誤,要立即改正。
七、 溫馨提示
1 先看懂問題,明白問題的關鍵所在。
2 帶著問題看文章,找到問題所在的段落或重要的句子
3 把問題和找到的段落和句子有機的整合在一起,這就是表達的過程。
4 避免照抄整個的原句,要簡答。
5 注意人稱、時態和語態的變化。
舉例說明:若問題是考查對短文細節的理解,這就需要抓住關鍵詞回答問題,如04年中考題中閱讀與簡答的12小題 Which is the easier way to become a better reader, pleasure reading or studying ?考生要通過仔細閱讀,抓住第一段中第一句Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. 中最關鍵的the easiest way 就可得出答案,Pleasure reading is .
若是考查對短文實質性的理解,則需以原文為基礎,根據其提供的信息 ,運用多種方法進行分析推理,從而得出結論。如04年中考題中閱讀與簡答的14小題How can we become better readers ?從文章中第一段可明顯得出結論,Reading for pleasure不僅是最容易也是最重要的方法使成為一名較好的閱讀者,而且下面的四段都在論證這個論點,所以可推理得出答案是Doing pleasure reading .
北京二中分校 閆琳
順義第八中學 孫立紅
I. 中考英語閱讀理解全面講解
從近幾年初中升學考試試卷來看,閱讀理解考題的類型大致可分為三種:
1.閱讀短文,選擇答案
這類題目類型是閱讀理解最常考的一種。這類題型的選項應在理解短文的基礎上做出判斷,堅持短文內容與考項對比的方法,把一些與短文內容明顯相符或不相符的答案選出來,然後再對要求根據上下文進行推埋的考項即短文偽容中沒有直接答案的考項進行推斷。
2.閱讀短文,判斷正誤
這種題型要求應考者根據短文的內容,對所列的句子與短文內容是否相符做出正誤判斷。應考者做這類考題時應特別注意反義詞、近義詞以及一些片語的互替使用。
3.閱讀短文,回答問題
考生對這種題型除了將考項的內容與短文內容對比之外,還應特別留意一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。對於一般疑問句,回答要簡潔明了,用Yes,No。對於特殊疑問句的回答,切忌用Yes,No,答話也應盡量簡單,可以避免不必要的丟分。對於反意疑問句,應根據反意疑問句的特點和短文的內容仔細分析。
此外縱觀這幾年全國各地的中考「閱讀理解」試題,用於閱讀理解測試的語篇內容涉及社會生活的方方面面,除了一般的英語故事外,還有書信、通知、廣告、交通圖、各種表格等。在體現知識測試的同時,更注重英語的實際應用。因此,要做好中考英語試題中的語篇「閱讀理解」題,需要我們具備較強的「閱讀」和「理解」能力。其中包括:閱讀、理解英語文字信息的能力;閱讀、理解各種圖表的能力;快速閱讀能力;根據上下文猜測英文生詞詞義的能力;迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;分析、判斷和獨立解決問題的能力。還有合理分配和利用時間的能力以及各項能力的綜合運用。
(二)閱讀理解精設考點
1.考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。
此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數針對段落(或短文)的主題,主題思想,標題或目的。而獲取段落的主旨和大意最有效的辦法是找出主題句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是圍繞一個中心意思展開的。而這個中心意思往往由一個句子來概括。這個能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主題句。因此,理解一個段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要學會尋找主題句(主題句一般在段首,即文章開頭的第一、二句,有時也會出現在文章的最後)。假如沒有主題句,在閱讀時要仔細通讀全文,注意文中所敘述的事實與細節是否圍繞主題。這類題的主要提問方式有:
1) Which is the best title of the passage?
2) Which of the following is this passage about?
3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that____.
4) The passage tells us that_____.
5) This passage mainly talks about____.
附:閱讀理解題目類型及解題方法。
1、細節理解題
此類題主要考察學生對相關信息的識別能力, 答案一般在原文中能找到。
答題時應迅速找到它的考察點,切不可望文生義或主觀臆斷。
出題中所設的干擾項一般與文中的觀點截然相反,要麼不符,要麼未涉及,相對容易排除。
2、文章(段落)主旨大意題
Which is the best title of the passage?
The writer thinks________.
The writer wants to tell us__________.
The main idea of the passage is________.
切忌以點代面,以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文內容的窗口,閱讀時要學會找出文章的中心句。
在閱讀過程中,可通過略讀來快速把握文章的中心,閱讀時視閾要寬,緊抓對主題句的`搜索,按意群進行閱讀,避免閱讀中的出聲、指讀、復視或停頓。
學會猜詞、跳詞閱讀,以暫時記憶迅速在頭腦中清晰把握文章的大意。
3、推理判斷題
此類題需要透過文章信息進行深入的分析、綜合、歸納等推斷,需根據上下文及其內在聯系對篇章進行深入的分析。
1) How many times did the tiger come into the village?
每段的首句,含有重要的解題線索。
2) From the second paragraph we know_____.
在把握全篇的基礎上,細讀這一段。
4、是非判斷題
Which of the following is (NOT) true?
Which of the following descriptions about… is right?
干擾項常常是無中生有,張冠李戴,以偏概全,擴大內容。
5、詞意句意題
What does the word 「…」 mean in paragraph 3?
What does the sentence 「…」 really mean?
In the last paragraph, 「…」 means___.
What does the underlined word mean?
學會猜詞
(1)根據構詞法猜詞義。
前綴或後綴-ful(形容詞後綴), -less(無,沒有,構成形容詞), -ly(副詞後綴), un-(不,非,未), dis-(相反,否定)re-(重新)
appear disappear, agree disagree, tie untie, happy unhappy, careful, careless, hope hopeless, comfortable uncomfortable
(2)根據上下文猜詞義。
它和前後文有著必然的聯系,只有把握作者的脈搏,理清邏輯鏈條,才能鎖定生詞的含義。
(3)舊詞新義現象。
如:Australians put their shirt 「tails」 on the clothes line after washing, because they usually put them into their trousers. 「tails」 一詞原意為「尾巴」,而在此處的意思為襯衫的「_______」。
(4)依解釋
Microscope is an instrument(工具)that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means_______.
有時我們能從生詞的前後找到解釋性的文字。
J. 中考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧
閱讀理解在中考英語的試卷中,所佔的比例比較大,分值也高。那麼你知道中考 英語閱讀 理解有哪些解題技巧嗎?那麼接下來給大家分享一些關於中考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧,希望對大家有所幫助。
中考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧
1.分門別類識別文體
記敘文 閱讀主要抓四大要素,即時間、地點、人物和事件的起因、發展和結果,以及人物之間的關系、表現,從中分析他們思想品質、性格特徵等;
議論文 是闡明作者對人或事的好壞的立場觀點,因此在閱讀時必須正確把握 文章 的論點和論據,理清論證思路,再進行邏輯推理得出結論;
應用文是最貼近日常生活的文體,它包括通知、 廣告 、便條、 申請書 、個人 簡歷 ,形式多樣,題材各異,如圖示、表格、地址、網址等,對這類文體的閱讀應簡明扼要地抓住所需信息,理解文章內容。
2.統覽全篇摘錄要點
閱讀理解是對整個文章的目的、意圖、觀點、立場、態度以及內在的邏輯關系的理解,而不是斷章取義的一孔之見,所以統覽全篇和問題是很有必要的,這些問題會給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細節。
在統覽全篇的同時要注意要點的摘錄,因為一些顯性的答案是可以從要點中直接回答,而隱性的答案則是要通過對全篇的理解才能得出。摘錄要點亦有利於檢查時節省時間。
3.開動腦筋推測詞意
初中英語教學基本要求規定,學生能根據上下文推測詞義,並能不藉助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語言材料,換言之,這就是促使學生的知識內化的過程,學生要通過知識內化將內隱的心理活動轉換為外顯的行為,可以藉助以下的幾種 方法 完成內化過程:
(1)根據上下文猜測詞意。
(2)根據構詞法猜測詞意。
前綴un-表 反義詞 ,如happy、unhappy;fair、unfair;important、unimportant等。
後綴- ment表名詞,如develop、development;state、statement;argue、argument等。
後綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞,如calculate、calculator;visit、visitor;law、lawyer;wait、waiter;science、scientist;art、artist等。
4.用知識和生活 經驗 理解短文
如根據化學知識,可以理解科普讀物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根據生活經驗可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
還 有一種方法是根據邏輯推理理解短文。邏輯推理實際上就是文章的「弦外之音」、「言下之意」。如一道中考模擬卷閱讀問題, Then they came to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth, he cried, 「Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!」 據此可以推斷出第二張畫畫的是一塊布。
5.條分縷析理解長句
長句是初中生閱讀理解的難點之一,長句中通常包含並列、復合、倒裝等結構,對於這類 句子 要分清主次,先找出句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補,再找出修飾它的從句或 短語 等。
如,Parents whose children show a special interest in a particularsport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.
先找出本句的主、謂、賓為Parents have a decision.
再 找出修飾語Whose children show a special interest in a particular sport為Parents的定語從句,difficult修飾decision,to make about their children's careers為不定式做decision的定語。
經過分析,化整為零,化繁為簡,此句就不難理解了。
中考英語閱讀理解的方法
1.保持良好的精神狀態。良好的精神狀態對於考場上的考生來說非常重要。因為只有在心理放鬆的情況下,考生的精力才能夠集中,思維才會敏捷,從而才能將自己的真實水平發揮出來。
2. 抓住中心句。閱讀短文之前,先看短文是否有標題。若有,應給予高度重視。因為標題是文章主題的高度凝聚,它能給我們啟發和想像,有利於加深對短文的理解,從而提高做題效率。另外,在沒有標題的情況下,應充分重視短文的首、尾句。因為大多數文章都是按照「總---分---總」的結構布局的。據統計,英語中有60%-90%的主題句位於段首和段尾,短文的其他文字往往是對這些中心句的解釋和說明。
3. 克服不良習慣,提高閱讀速度。由於考試的時間有限,在保證不出偏差的前提下,一定要盡可能地提高閱讀速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良習慣,就可以大大提高閱讀速度:
①心讀。考場上不能出聲閱讀,於是有的考生就在心裡讀,有時考生的嘴唇也在動。這是非常不好的習慣,一定要下決心克服。因為這樣做會直接制約著閱讀速度的提高;
②回視(指重新閱讀上文)。閱讀中的回視是一種無效勞動,所以應一口氣把文章讀完,盡量不要回視。這壞習慣是慢慢形成的,不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平時的學習中就應當引起注意並加以克服;
③一個詞一個詞地看。閱讀時,視線應從左向右跳躍式移動,著重掃描意群,同時注意意群中的重要單詞,以尋求主要的語言信息。可將冠詞、系動詞、助動詞及不定式符號等小品詞一掃而過,不可一詞不漏地全部都看一遍;
④只讀不記。正確的做法是:一邊閱讀一邊用筆記下或標出那些與文後所設問題有關的信息。這樣,在做題時就用不著重新查閱短文,至少不用一句一句地再尋找那些隱約有印象的信息,從而可以節省一些時間。
4. 判斷要有依據,推理要順乎作者的意圖。對於推理性或評價性之類的閱讀理解題目,在材料中一般是找不到現成答案的,必須通讀全篇,對所獲信息加以篩選、提煉、推斷,對作者的思想傾向,對文中提及的人物或事件可能產生的結局等,加以綜合考慮才能得出正確結論。對這種題,不能以偏概全,不能「只見樹木,不見森林」,不能以個人的想法代替作者的意圖。
5. 遇到生詞時,一定要沉著、冷靜。中考英語試題中,一般是不會盲目地出現生詞的,但不排除出現影響答題的生詞,同時也可能出現猜測生詞的題目,因為猜測詞義也是閱讀能力的體現,當然也在考查范圍之列。遇到這種題目,只要理解了全篇材料的大部分內容,弄清了上、下文之間的內在聯系,判斷出它在文中可能存在的含義是不難的。英語中猜測詞義的方法很多。
中考英語閱讀理解各題型技巧歸納
一、主旨題
主旨題主要測試學生對文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。在初中階段,有關這類題的常見提問方式為:
What is the main idea of this passage?
What is the best title of this passage?
在處理這類問題時,通常採用快讀方法,先從頭到尾把文章瀏覽一遍,因為這樣可以使注意力集中於文章的整體思路及要點之間的聯系,而較慢的閱讀會使你過分注意細節,甚至個別詞,因而影響對主題的概括。特別要注意仔細閱讀開頭段和結尾段,因為大多數文章的中心思想都出現在這兩段里。
二、細節題
細節題主要測試學生識別閱讀材料中的具體事實和細節的能力。考生必須特別注意作者在陳述中談到的是何人、何事、何處、何時、何故,要在有關此類問題的地方適當做標記(比如人物名較多就用圈畫出,時間名詞較多就用波浪線,地點名詞較多就用方框等等),以便在回答問題時迅速查找。
三、詞義題
詞義題主要是檢測學生在具體文章中,根據上下文理解某個詞或某個短語的意義的能力。遇到這類試題,可從以下三方面入手:
1. 通過上下文的種.種提示來准確猜出這個詞的含義。
2. 一個單詞可以通過前綴、後綴、合成等形式派生出來很多單詞,因此可以根據構詞法辨認其中的詞根的含義,就可以判斷出其派生、轉化或復合詞的其他詞義。
3. 如果遇到非常熟悉的詞彙,一定要盡量撇開其基本含義,注意其引申的意義。
四、推斷題
推斷題主要考查學生透過文章的表面文字信息,進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。一要抓住選項與選項之間的不同,二要在文中找出與選項對應的內容進行對比。
五、觀點態度題
觀點態度題主要考查學生通過掌握主題思想和具體事實,對作者的觀點和態度做出合理推斷的能力。主要抓作者議論、抒情的段落,通常是最後一段,再結合前面做題得到的信息,來分析、推理。
建議:同學們在平日復習中,一定要加大閱讀量,閱讀的題材要廣泛,有意識培養和練就閱讀能力。在做到廣泛的同時,還要進行限時閱讀。只有這樣,才能在中考有限的時間內,准確地按時完成大量的閱讀題。
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