考研英語閱讀伊麗莎白
❶ 寫一篇關於英國慈善家伊麗莎白一生成功的英語作文120字
Several general characteristics of Elizabethan literature and writers should be indicated at the outset.
瞎渣The period has the great variety of almost unlimited creative force; it includes works of many kinds in both verse and prose,and ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most delightful romance to the level of very repulsive realism.
In style it often exhibits romantic luxuriance,which sometimes takes the form of elaborate affectations of which the favorite 'conceit' is only the most apparent.
It continued to be largely influenced by the literature of Italy,and to a less degree by those of France and Spain.
The literary spirit was all-pervasive,and the authors were men (not yet women) of almost every class,from distinguished courtiers,like Ralegh and Sidney,to the company of hack writers,who starved in garrets and hung about the outskirts of the bustling taverns.
伊麗莎白文學的總體特徵可總結為如下幾點:
這一時期具有幾乎無限的創作磨滲悄力量,作品種類繁多,從柏拉圖唯心主義或最令人愉快的浪漫主義到反映丑惡的現實主義.
在風格上往往表現出浪漫的繁茂,有時略顯矯揉造作.
它能在很大程度上由義大利文學的影響,並略受法國和西班牙的影響.
文學精神更是無孔不入,男性作者（尚未涉及婦女）,幾乎覆喊型蓋每一個階層,從著名廷臣像Ralegh和Sidney,到受雇於出版商的文人,到在閣樓挨餓或是混跡於熙熙攘攘的酒館的人.
❷ 考研英語翻譯解題步驟有哪些
一、斷句，關鍵是在哪個位置斷句，這里也給大家准備好了斷句的幾個標志：
(1)標點符號(2)從屬連詞(3)並列連詞(4)短語。這幾個標志使用是有先後順序的，先標點符號最後再找短語，這樣順序的安排是有原因的，是按照由易到難這樣的順序來安排的。但是需要注意的是在這句話中用標點符號進行斷句時第一行Elizabeth Denham前後的兩個標點符號是不能用來斷句的。為什麼呢?其實仔細看會發現這個人名是在一個從句中的，如果把從句給斷開我們還能更好地理解這個句子嗎?顯然不能。所以能用來斷句的標點符號這里只有第二行which前的逗號。但前面依然很長，那麼我們就要找第二個標志從屬連詞：that。但是這裡面只有一個從屬連詞that那就是background後面的that，前面的that是指示代詞。這樣我們就把這句話斷成了三部分。
例：It is against that background /that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, /which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients.
二、分析每一部分的結構。
第一部分就是一個簡單的主謂賓結構，譯文為：它正處於這樣一個背景。
第二部分是一個that從句，但這里需要注意這是一個同位語從句，而不是定語從句，因為從句里不缺成分，這個同位語從句的作用就是對background的具體內容進行解釋說明。而從句里Elizabeth Denham,是同位語解釋說明the information commissioner，而 under the NHS是作定語來修飾the Royal Free hospital trust所以這句話的譯文應該是：英國信息專員伊麗莎白·德納姆(Elizabeth Denham)對英國國民醫療服務體系下的皇家自由醫院信託基金(Royal Free hospital trust)做出了嚴厲的判決。還有另外一個結構which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients. 這是一個定語從句用來修飾 Royal Free hospital trust，譯文為：該信託基金將160萬名患者的病歷交給了DeepMind。
譯文：它正處於這樣一個背景:英國信息專員伊麗莎白·德納姆(Elizabeth Denham)對英國國民醫療服務體系下的皇家自由醫院信託基金(Royal Free hospital trust)做出了嚴厲的判決,該信託基金將160萬名患者的病歷交給了DeepMind.
句子結構梳理清楚了之後整個句子理解起來就要容易的多了。所以無論做任何題都必須要掌正確的方法才能保證准確以及高效。最後送給大家一句話：高山可攀，但需努力。
考研英語翻譯解題步驟有哪些?小編就說到這里了，更多關於考研報名入口，報名時間，考研成績查詢，報名費用，考研准考證列印入口及時間等問題，小編會及時更新。希望各位考生都能進入自己的理想院校。大家一定要掌握備考技巧。
❸ 南京航空航天大學公共管理專業考研分享
南京航空航天大學公共管理專業考研分享？
我為什麼想讀研？
❹ thetrueof是唐叔什麼題型
根據唐叔在課上講的方法，英語一的閱讀題型一共可以分為六大類型:
一、【中心思想題】
方法:
一）、串線：(通用，適用於所有題型)
各個段落的首末句，if有轉折，注意轉折處；
二）、中心句
A：注意獨具段、出現today、now的句子，時間相反、一切相反，往往是強調的重點；
B：文章的開頭，如果是問句，那麼作者對他的回答，即為文章主旨；
三）、中心詞:文章中反反復復多次提到的高頻詞以及它的同義替換
四）文藝范(難度指數四顆星)
Notice：時間相反，一切相反；
少數派原則
這些題不是我說的，而是真題確實真么出的，接下來我們來看一下歷年真題中出現的(四）文藝范的題型，
eg1: 07年-Text3
35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?
[A]The Middle Class on the Alert
[B]The Middle Class on the Cliff,
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
eg2: 10年-text1
25. What would be the best title for the text?,
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Day
[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D] Prominent Critics in Memory
[A]過去美好時光中的報紙
[B]報紙中消失的視角
[C]新聞業令人悲哀的衰退
[D]記憶中的傑出評論家
eg3: 11年-Text2
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A] CEOs: Where to Go?
[B] CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C] Top Managers Jump Without a Net
[D] The Only Way Out for Top Performers
[A]首席執行官:路在何方?
[B]首席執行官:一路高升?
[C]高管冒險跳槽
[D]高級管理人員的唯一出路
18年-Text4
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] The USPS Starts to Miss its Good Old Days
[B] The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
[C] The USPS: Chronic lllness Requires a Quick Cure
[D] The Postal Service Needs More than （more than 就傳達了一種不滿）a Band Aid
[A]美國郵政服務公司開始懷念過去的美好時光
[B]郵政服務公司:離我的乳酪遠點兒
[C]美國郵政服務公司:久病還需速效葯
[D]郵政服務公司不只需要治標之葯(創可貼)
二、作者態度題(難度系數:2顆星)
表達作者觀點的地方：
通常情況下：
A、 轉折詞；（now、today，（while、yet也是轉折詞）時間相反，一切相反）
B、 adv/adj；eg：regrettably、unfortunately就帶有一絲遺憾的味道；
C、 少數派原則； maintain/hold that等詞彙
D、 情態動詞
E、 文章中反復出現或提到的詞；
特殊情況：當作者的態度不明確時：
A：文章的整體框架；
B：adv/adj；
C：轉折處； 沒有轉折，優先考慮相同的邏輯因果關系；邏輯關系相同，優先考慮因果關系
D：情態動詞：
E：注意因果關系：先因後果或先果後因
Notice：感情色彩比較豐富的詞：
1）、正面：supportive
2）、負面：critical、doubtful、questional
3）、中立：neutral、objective、impartial、disinterest
4）、不可能為答案的詞：uninterested、unconcerned、indifferent、confused、puzzled、biased、prejudiced、contemptuous、subjective、tolerance
5）、？、passing fad、unfashionable、instead of一般表示懷疑，即否定
三、細節題（細節一定一定要服從主旨）
方法:
A: 定位好的句子即為答題的關鍵；
B: 答案一般在長難句處，有時需要結合上下句的邏輯關系；
C: If每一個選項都有提到，則選擇最佳的答案；1）、重復提到的選項； 2）、與文章主題相關的選項； 3)、比較得出最佳答案；
D: 絕對化的用詞一般不選：never、all、executively；may、some的正確率比較高，但只是比較而已，曾經出現過不是答案的選項；
E: 當文章未出現明確答案，需要總結時：
首先排除錯誤選項；
然後再根據文章強調的重點選擇合適的答案
eg: 15年-text4
36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies financial loss e to immoral practices
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
[D] the wide misuse（錯在濫用一詞） of integrity among institutions
[A]目前的分選機制帶來的後果
[B]不道德的慣例導致的公司經濟損失
[C]政府在道德問題上的無能
[D]機構中對正直的廣泛濫用
我們來看一下原文:text4
Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the unsetling dearth of integrity acrosss so many of our institutions ".(分選機制帶來的後果一)Integrity had collapsed, she argued, (後果二)because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism " in society should be profit and the market. But "its us,human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit."
兩年前,魯伯特.默多克的女兒伊麗莎白曾談道，「我們的諸多機構中都存在讓人不安的誠信缺失」。她認為誠信已經崩潰，因為人們共同接受的是:利益和市場是社會的唯一「分選機制」。但是，「是我們自己，是人類創造了我們想要的社會，而不是利益」。
四、推測題（may 目前還沒有失過手）
標志詞: infer
方法:
1）、不要去推理
2）、一般some、may為正確選項，尤其是May還沒有失過手
3）、選項多為同義改寫：1）、對細節進行同義改寫；
2）、對主旨的同義改寫--反復出現的內容/語氣較為緩和的詞
3）、邏輯—相反（多在轉折處
eg: 15年-Text04
37.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
目前，只要是推測題，正確選項中一般都有may這個詞，還沒失過手，當然，不敢保證100%不出錯，但正確率在95%以上(除了一些有爭議的題)
五、猜詞題(看邏輯關系，找上下文的同義詞或是反義詞)
方法:關鍵是要搞清字匯所在句子的句子內部、上下句之間的邏輯關系，通常，要猜的那個詞會在上一句或下一句中有相應的詞與之對應；
Notice：
①如果詞彙所在句子的句內、句外都有否定詞（即雙中否定即為肯定），則其表達的是一種肯定的邏輯；
②；和：表示的是句子之間的邏輯相同；
③Then表示的是一種先後的邏輯關系；
4)this/that/such +名詞，表示
猜詞題考察的單詞，大部分學生都不認識，如果考察的詞比較簡單(比如meet表示滿足，而不是遇見)，是我們經常見到的詞，記住一定不要選擇那個我們通常理解的釋義，做這類題，一定要結合上下句/上下段的邏輯關系，看看是轉折(however)關系、先後關系(then)、遞進關系(more,but,but曾經表示過遞進關系，不要看到but就想當然的以為是轉折關系)、並列關系(and)等等，然後再選擇合適的詞，接下來我們來看一道真題:
eg: 16年-Text1
22. The phrase "impinging on (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
[ A] indicating the state of 表明...的狀態(中性詞)
[B] heightening the value of 提高...的價值(美是好的)
[C] losing faith in 對...失去信心(美是不好的)
[D] doing harm to (美是不好的)
定位原文Text1：
Such measures (such+名詞，表明measures在上文一定提到過)have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be (否定的邏輯)defined by looks that end up impinging on(這種美對身體好還是不好) health. That is a start， And the ban on ultra- thin models : seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death （飢餓致死，這種美的方式會導致模特因瘦而死，所以說這種美不好）as some have done. It tells the fashion instry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women , especially teenage girls, about the social tape measure they must use to determine their indivial worth.
六、例證題（是一種思維的方式）
標志：example、case、demonstrate、mentioned to、to show、by cited/citing
例子本身不重要，傳達的觀點最重要；（例子即為對觀點的解釋說明，當然能看懂例子最好）
例子所傳達的的觀點有可能在例子的上一句、下一句、例子本身的那句話、甚至可能在例子的上一段或下一段中提到；
【Notice:】重要的事情說三遍
答案是比較出來的，而不是選出來的
答案是比較出來的，而不是選出來的
答案是比較出來的，而不是選出來的
eg:19年-Text03
33. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles
[A] can hardly ever be found. (錯就錯在hardly 這個詞上了，過於絕對)
[B] has aroused much curiosity
[C] is still（仍然，表示目前還未解決） beyond our capacity
[D] causes little public concern
A與C 是備選答案，正確答案通過比較出來，但是A的表述過於絕對(hardly)
Text:
But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving Al aren't at hand. (雙重否定表示肯定的邏輯,人工智慧引發的問題已經存在)The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions(即將到來的人工智慧會帶來了許多棘手的問題). Human drivers sometimes must make split second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combinationof instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment.(舉了一個例子，這個行為很復雜，Al去模仿很難) AI "vision" today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.(人能做的，Al不能做)
在看文章時，一定要注意表示感情色彩的形容詞
由於篇幅問題，具體的一些題型在這里不作分析(單詞一個個打出來太費力)，不過之後我會把相關題型進行分類，然後再分享黑大家。
更新:
補充:
七、選項被偷換概念
18年-Text3
31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?
[A]It caused conflicts among tech giants.
[B] It failed to pay e attention to patients' rights.
[C]It(代詞，注意指代的對象，這里指代的是NHS和D,而原文說的是病人的預期) fell short of the latter's expectations.（是患者的預期）
[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
❺ 介紹伊麗莎白的英語翻譯 伊麗莎白女王一世被普遍認為是英國歷史上最傑出的帝王。在她當政的45年
Queen Elizabeth is generally considered to be the most outstanding in the history of the United Kingdom. During the 45 years of her reign, Britain's economic prosperity, literature brilliant, military leap become the world's leading naval power. The king of England was not a part of the puppet in her life, so it was important for her to be part of the British golden age.
❻ 英語作文 閱讀技巧
英語作文 英語作文的基本要求：
首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題（stick or hold to the topic），這就是段落的統一性（unity）。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」），然後是「close to noon」，一直寫到這一天結束（「By nine——」）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（「from a distance」）寫起，然後「get closer」，再到（「ten feet away」），最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」，最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞，約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語.這樣，文中出現許多重復的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤：
1、不必要的改變時態，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時態，人稱以及數的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。
英語作文的書寫格式
英文書寫應符合書寫規范，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如字母i，應該先寫下面的部分，然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會把點和下面的十筆連在量起，顯得十分別扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與佔中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外，書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣，不能隨意亂來。
在一篇字數有限的作文里，我們還要注意盡量不把一個單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行，則必須以音節為單位進行，如revolution這個詞，依照音節移行的原則可以按re-，revo-, revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時，我們還應特別注意以下幾點:
1. 單音節詞不能移行，即使是字母較多的單音節詞，如through等也不能例外。
2．縮略詞如Mr.，Dr.等不能和後面的名字拆開移行。
縮略的專用名詞如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆開移行。
3．時間、量度及貨幣單位應視為一個整體；不能分開移行。如；
11：00P.M.應寫在一行內，不能將11：00和P．M．分開移行；寫38℃時，不能將38和℃分開移行。
4．由「年、月、日」表示的日期，如果必須分開移行只能將「月、日」與「年」分開。如January 6，1980不能將January和6分開移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成兩行。
5．含雙寫輔音字母的單詞，在移行時要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果雙寫輔音字母屬於詞根，後面又加了後綴，就不能將兩個輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing後構成了drilling，就不可以將它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆為drilling。
例文：
1.寵物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.」
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn』t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊麗莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she graally comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy』s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二個女兒和最聰明和機智，伊麗莎白是自豪感和偏見的主演和其中一個在英國文學的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的質量是numerous—she是可愛的，聰明，並且，在對話定義的小說，她一樣精采地交談象任何人。 她的誠實、美德和活潑的機智使她在胡話之上起來，並且彌漫她的壞行為類跳起和經常惡意的社會。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和傾向經常做倉促評斷帶領她迷路; 自豪感和偏見本質上是故事她(和她真實的愛， Darcy)怎樣克服他們自己的個人failings—to發現浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊麗莎白必須不僅應付一個絕望的母親，一個遙遠的父親，二非常表現的更加年輕的兄弟姐妹，並且幾位勢利，對抗的女性，她必須也克服Darcy她自己的錯誤印象，最初帶領她拒絕他的求婚。 而她駕駛家族和社會動亂，她魅力是充足保持他感興趣，幸運地。 當她逐漸來認可Darcy』s字元的貴族，她體會她對他的最初的偏見錯誤。
❼ 跪求英語高手~~~關於傲慢與偏見主角伊麗莎白性格特徵的描述，要英文的~120字左右ok~謝謝
（字吵緩數比較少）性格簡述者碰拿：Elizabeth is a realistic and masterful character, which makes all her qualities of strength and independence intensify and create an ideal stability between her emotions and what is reality. Her passion and overwhelming capability to stand her ground is just an introction into her ability to be able to oversee the weak, the naïve and the dominating. Elizabeth proves her by others who try to contradict her.
（超過120字，如果太長你自首搭己選擇一些吧）Elizabeth Bennet is the main character and protagonist. The reader sees the unfolding plot and the other characters mostly from her viewpoint. The second of the Bennet daughters at twenty years old, she is intelligent, lively, attractive, and witty, but with a tendency to judge on first impressions and perhaps to be a little selective of the evidence upon which she bases her judgments. As the plot begins, her closest relationships are with her father, her sister Jane, her aunt Mrs Gardiner, and her best friend Charlotte Lucas.Pride and Prejudice, like most of Jane Austen's works, employs the narrative technique of free indirect speech. This has been defined as "the free representation of a character's speech, by which one means, not words actually spoken by a character, but the words that typify the character's thoughts, or the way the character would think or speak, if she thought or spoke". By using narrative which adopts the tone and vocabulary of a particular character (in this case, that of Elizabeth), Austen invites the reader to follow events from Elizabeth's viewpoint, sharing her prejudices and misapprehensions. "The learning curve, while undergone by both protagonists, is disclosed to us solely through Elizabeth's point of view and her free indirect speech is essential ... for it is through it that we remain caught, if not stuck, within Elizabeth's misprisions."
❽ 英語作文我最敬佩的女人伊麗莎白
lizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations.She is also Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
Upon her accession on 6 February 1952,Elizabeth became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries:the United Kingdom,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,South Africa,Pakistan and Ceylon.Her coronation the following year was the first to be televised.From 1956 to 1992,the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics.Today,in addition to the first four of the aforementioned countries,Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica,Barbados,the Bahamas,Grenada,Papua New Guinea,Solomon Islands,Tuvalu,Saint Lucia,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Belize,Antigua and Barbuda,and Saint Kitts and Nevis.She is the longest-lived and,after her great-great grandmother Queen Victoria,the second longest-reigning British monarch.
Elizabeth was born in London and ecated privately at home.Her father acceded to the throne as George VI on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936,from which time she was the heir presumptive.She began to undertake public ties ring theSecond World War,in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service.In 1947,she married Prince Philip,Duke of Edinburgh,with whom she has four children:Charles,Anne,Andrew,and Edward.
❾ 考研英語一莎士比亞在哪年
你好！
1564年莎士比亞出生
1590年到1600年是莎士比亞創作的早期,又稱為歷史劇、喜劇時期。這一時期莎士比亞人文主義思想和藝術風格漸漸形成。當時的英國正處於伊麗莎白女王統治的鼎盛時期,王權穩固統一,經濟繁榮。莎士比亞對在現實社會中實現人文主義理想充滿信心,作品洋溢著樂觀明朗的差瞎色彩。這一時期，他寫的歷史劇包括《理查三世》（雹數1592）、《亨利四世》（上下集）（1597—1598）和《 亨利五世 》（1599）等9部。劇本的基本主題是擁護中央王權，譴責封建暴君和歌頌開明君主。比如，《亨利四世》展現的是國內局勢動盪的畫面，貴族們聯合起來反叛國王，但叛亂最終被平息；王太子早先生活放盪，後來認識錯誤，在平定內亂中立下戰功。劇作中，歷史事實和藝術虛構達虛肆空到高度統一。人物形象中以福斯塔夫最為生動，此人自私、懶惰、畏縮，卻又機警、靈巧、樂觀，令人忍俊不禁。
❿ 求：2013年考研英語一：閱讀、新題型和翻譯、完型的全文中文譯文。謝謝
text1
在 2006年的電影《穿普拉達的女魔頭》中，梅麗爾·斯特里普扮演的米蘭達•普瑞斯特利指責她那毫無吸引 力的助理認為高級時裝並未感染到她。Priestly解釋了這些年來，助理毛衫的那種深藍色是如何從時尚秀場走向 百貨商店，又走向廉價服裝店的，無疑，這個窮女孩的衣服就是在那兒買的。
時尚業這種自上而下的概念已經過時了，與伊麗莎白·克萊恩在《過分打扮》一書中所描繪的狂熱世界存 在著差異。這本書是她長達三年對「快速時尚」的控訴。近十年的時間中，技術進步使得大規模市場品牌，如 Zara, H&M 和優衣庫等對於潮流趨勢的反應更加速度，並且能更精確預測市場需求。快速的轉變意味著浪費的 庫存減少了，新品發布更加頻繁，並且能獲得更大的利潤。這些品牌鼓勵那些有時尚意識的顧客們將服裝視作 是一次性的——也就是只洗一兩次就不要了，盡管這些品牌並未宣傳這一點——並且鼓勵他們每隔幾周就更新 自己的衣櫃。通過提供非常便宜的時尚單品，克萊恩認為，這些品牌掠奪了時尚圈，撼動了這個早就適應了季 節性周期的行業。
這次革新的受害者們，當然，不僅僅限於設計師們。對 H&M 來說，要在全球 2300多家店裡銷售價格 5.95 美元的針織迷你裙，它必須依賴於低廉的海外勞動力，必須成批大量訂購，而這使得自然資源緊張，並且使用 數量眾多的有害化學品。
《過分打扮》是時尚界對和邁克爾·波倫《雜食者的困境》一書一樣，維護消費者權益積極分子的暢銷書 所作出的最好回應。「批量生產的服裝，就像快餐一樣，能夠滿足飢餓與需求，然而不是持久的而且非常浪費。」 克萊恩認為。她發現，美國人每年約購買 200億服裝——平均每人 64件——無論有多少衣服被他們送出去，
這種過度購買還是會導致浪費。
《過分打扮》接近尾聲的時候，克萊恩介紹了一位典範：一個叫莎拉·凱特·博蒙特的布魯克林女性。博蒙特
7
自 2008 年起，所有衣服都是自己縫制的——並且都很漂亮。但也正如克萊恩一開始提到的：博蒙特花費了 10年時
間去完善自己的工藝，她的案例是無法被打敗的。
盡管幾家快速時尚公司都努力抑制他們對於勞動力和環境產生的影響——比如 H&M 有環保自覺行動生產 線——克萊恩相信，只有消費者才能實現持續性的變化。無論在食物還是能源方面，她都表現出許多可持續發 展的倡導者常有的理想主義。虛榮是永恆的；只有消費不起的時候，人們才可能開始可持續性消費。