英語閱讀中的猜詞活動
Ⅰ 面對雅思閱讀生詞的七種猜詞方法
面對雅思閱讀生詞的七種猜詞方法
即使進行了大量的單詞記憶，但是在雅思考試中還是難免有不認識的單詞。下面我就給大家介紹下雅思閱讀中的七種猜詞方法，幫助考生有效快速猜中詞義，理解文章。
猜詞方法一、利用定義式線索進行猜測
定義是作者為了更好地表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或 詞彙等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜測詞義比較容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生詞，由定義可知，表語是說明主語性質內容的。所以kinetic energy就是「運動粒子的能量」。再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生詞，推斷該詞義的線索就是其後面的解釋「繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風雨」由此我們可知cyclones的意思是「繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風雨」。在這種解釋中定義句的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
猜詞方法二、根據進一步闡述猜測詞義
雖然進一步闡述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細，但是提供的'信息足以使我們猜出生詞的詞義。復述部分可以是適當的詞，短語或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 逗號中短語的意思是「對肢體語言進行研究的學科」。短語與前面生詞kinesics是同位關系，因此我們不難猜出kinesics指「肢體語言學」。在這種復述當中,構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號，冒號，分號，引號，和括弧等。另外同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副詞或短語出現。另外一種會以定語從句的形式出現如從句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 根據生詞obesity後面的非限制性定語從句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我們可以推斷出 obesity的含義，即「過度肥胖」。
猜詞方法三、根據舉例猜測詞義
恰當的舉例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中「戰爭」和「重大科學發現」是生詞的實例，通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的 大致詞義「重要的」。
猜詞方法四、根據上下文的語境關聯猜測詞義
例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 這句話中有許多生詞出現，但通過上文的crime和murder一詞，我們可以知道這些下劃線詞都是與犯罪有關的詞。在考試中，就不必費心去考慮它們的具體意思，知道大概類別即可。再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中，大多數詞用於網球運動中的一些專門詞彙，我們可以不必理會，而主要關注認識的那些詞。這樣能夠大概理解此句講的是網球選手Goran害怕某種service, 通過上下文大致可得知這是指網球運動中的一個動作(比如發球、扣球等)。其實，service就是「發球」的意思。從形容詞straight可知Stichs發球的特點，而且他是最難預測的一個。這樣一來就可以很好地把握文章內容了。
猜詞方法五、根據對比關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。 例如：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious, 對許多人來說可能是個生詞，但是句中單詞unlike可以提示我們Gregarious和後面的詞unsociable person是對比關系。分析出這種關系後，我們便能猜出意為Gregarious是「愛交際的」。
猜詞方法六、根據常識性線索猜測題義
這是指根據篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知識來猜測詞義。有時僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系無法猜出詞義。這時，就需要運用生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。例如：The cat came quickly through the grass towards the birds ,when it was just a few from the feet from the victim, it gather its legs under itself and pounced.如果pounce 是生詞。推測該詞我們可以憑借我們的常識，我們知道當貓看到鳥時，通常它會先把爪子收起來，然後再突然向小鳥發起進攻。由此可以推斷pounce一詞的意思是「突然攻擊」。
再如It's really cold out tonight. My hands are practically numb. 根據生活經驗，天氣寒冷時，手肯定是numb 「凍僵的，凍得麻木的」。
猜詞方法七、利用構詞法猜測詞義
此法包括利用前、後綴及合成詞猜測詞義。
7.1前、後綴猜測詞義
英語中的前綴、後綴構詞頗多，且特定的"綴"往往表示特定的含義，把握住這一點，可起到"以不變應萬變"的效果。例如He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前綴over-加動詞構成，over有"超過，過於"之意，overwork意思是"工作過多，勞累過度"。再如，overburden負擔過重，overcharge要價過高，overdo做得過分。英語中常用的前綴還有：mis-錯，誤：misfortune不幸;mislead誤導;mismanage處理不當mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低於：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate 低估;anti-反對：antibody抗體;anticyclone反氣旋;antifreeze防凍劑。還有一些後綴派生詞：例如1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty為名詞的標志); 2)The country is trying to popularize ecation. (-ize為及物動詞的標志，再如realize, modernize)。
7.2利用合成詞猜測詞義
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun. 根據短語構成及上下文意思看，此處partakes in相當於takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名詞"爆發")，set out-outset(名詞"起始")，come in-income(名詞「收入」)。
;Ⅱ 考研英語中猜詞題怎樣解答
考研英語閱讀中的大致有四類猜詞題： 1)猜某個單詞的意思，這個單位可能是超綱的詞彙，還有可能是一個熟悉單詞的不熟悉用法; 2)某個短語的意思，也可能包含了某個超綱的詞彙,或者是一個熟悉單詞的特殊搭配; 3)猜某個句子的含義，這個句子的結構一般不會太復雜，不會是長難句，但是其中可能包含了一些超綱的詞彙或特殊短語、習語、典故、成語等，還有可能是引自文中某個的話; 4)還要猜某個詞語的指代含義如it, this, that, which, these, those等，例如： The word 「mania」 (line 4, paragraph 2) most probably means______. The word 「bummer」 (line 5, paragraph 2)most probably means_____ . The phrase 「making the biggest splash」(line 1,paragraph)means_____. 這部分的解題關鍵是單詞並不重要，重要的是上下文，單詞認識，並且不超綱的話，它的字面意思就絕對不是正確的答案，正確答案可以根據上下文推出的更深層的含義。 而正確選項的特點是在文章中能找出這樣的選項的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、原詞、概括詞或其解釋說明等。其干擾選項的特點就是取字面意思和無中生有。 1)可以用定義猜測如anthropology,is the scientific study of the man.2.利用復述，一般2個逗號之間的or後面的叫做復述;3.舉例子。 2)通過強對比(反義)關系進行猜測;通過同義(並列)猜測詞義;通過因果猜測。 3)利用外部相關的因素進行猜測：通過詞根詞綴;通過復合詞的各部分猜測以及生活常識進行猜測。
Ⅲ 英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧
英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧
在英語閱讀中，我們自然會遇到許多生詞。下面是我分享的英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧，歡迎大家閱讀！
一、針對性解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好地表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或詞彙等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜詞義比較容易。
1.根據定義猜測詞義
如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義，理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。例如：
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定義可知，anthropology就是「研究人類的科學」。
In slang the term 「jam」 constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同樣，從上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是「困境」。
定義句的謂語動詞多為：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。
2.根據復述猜測詞義
雖然復述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細，但是提供的`信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。復述部分可以是適當詞、短語或是從句。
同位語，例如：
Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗號中短語意為「對詞意義進行研究的學科」。該短語與前面生詞semantics是同位關系，因此我們不難猜出semantics指「語義學」。
在復述中構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號、引號和括弧等。
二、內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指運用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系，然後根據邏輯關系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.
該例中supercilious對許多人來說可能是個生詞，但是句中短語in contrast（相對照的，相對比的）提示我們supercilious和後面片語humble and modest（謙卑又謙虛）是對比關系。分析出這種關系後，我們便能猜出supercilious意為「目空一切的，傲慢的」。
2.根據比較關系猜測詞義
同對比關系相反，比較關系表示意義上的相似關系，例如：
Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關系，以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為「健談的」。
表示比較關系的詞和短語主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，若兩個事物、現象之間構成因果關系，我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推知生詞詞義。例如：
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根據原因狀語從句的內容，我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指「獨斷專行的」。
There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.
此句為結果狀語從句，根據從句的描述「許多者」，我們便可推知elbow的詞義為「擠、擠過」。
三、外部相關因素
外部相關因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知識。有時僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系無法猜出詞義。這時，就需要運用生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。例如：
Husband ：It』s really cold out tonight.
Wife：Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根據生活經驗，天氣寒冷時，手肯定是「凍僵的，凍得麻木的」。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識，我們可以推斷出slither詞義為「爬行」。
綜上所述，利用各種已知信息推測、判斷詞義是一項重要的閱讀技巧。在實踐中，我們可以靈活運用上面提到的幾種猜測技巧，排除生詞的障礙，順利理解文章想內容，提高閱讀速度和閱讀的准確性。
;Ⅳ 如何培養學生在英語閱讀中的猜詞能力
一、閱讀能力和猜詞能力
閱讀理解能力是語言綜合能力的一種，以閱讀速度和閱讀准確性兩個方面為主要表現。閱讀速度細化為對詞義的掌握、分辨詞彙的能力、辨認詞語時的目光幅度及其他因素。閱讀的准確性是檢驗閱讀能力的指標，是判斷閱讀能力高低的標准。無論是閱讀速度還是閱讀准確性都受到詞彙量的制衡。但是在同等詞彙量的情況下，猜詞能力強的學生可以較為順利的完成閱讀任務。反之不會猜詞，遇到生詞就習慣看單詞表查字典的學生不能完成閱讀理解。由此可見，猜詞能力的高低直接影響了閱讀速度和閱讀准確性，想要收獲很好的閱讀效果，猜詞能力必不可少。因此，猜詞能力的培養是英語閱讀訓練中的一個目標。
二、猜詞能力的培養
猜詞能力的培養是一個日積月累的過程。它教學活動雙方共同努力完成。作為教學活動組織者的教師精心組織教學活動，安排學生在沒有字典沒有生詞表的前提下，啟動「猜」的訓練模式。這種訓練可以是專項，也可以是在講授語言點或新詞的例句中，利用學生先前熟悉的詞彙和句型營建的語言環境，根據此語言環境來猜測詞意。作為教學活動中的另一方，學生應開動腦筋，汲取綜合句中的其它信息，運用聯想、推斷甚至排除的手法，力求准確猜出詞意。這樣的單詞學習脫離了單向傳授的枯燥，既培養了學生的動腦能力，也系統復習了相似的單詞、短語或句型。更的是，這樣會使學生很有成就感，為自己猜對了詞意自豪，今後的學習會更積極主動。猜詞能力的培養過程其實是一個「授之以漁」的過程。在這個過程中， 教師和學生面對的閱讀理解按類型來分可謂種類繁雜，但也有規律和技巧可循。把這些技巧和規律總稱為猜詞技巧。掌握這些技巧，無疑能夠取得事半功倍的效果。
Ⅳ 猜詞法在英語閱讀理解中的運用
猜詞法在英語閱讀理解中的運用有：舉例法、情景法、構詞法。
1、舉例法。
有些生詞的後面，會列舉一些實例。此外，如果還有一些對比作為補充的話，就比較容易推斷出這個生詞的意思。例：Some trains carries cargo、such as rice、oil and military supplies（軍用物資）、while others carries only passengers.
解析：cargo對大多考生來說，都是一個生詞。如果根據後面表示舉例的短語such as，以及所列舉的一系列貨物，而且，句中有一個while表對比，說明cargo和passengers是對應關系。因此可以猜測出cargo的意思應該是「貨物」。
解析：可以運用構詞法猜測出unwisely的意思。wise是學過的詞，意思是「明智的」，加上後綴ly變成副詞wisely，「明智地」，再加上否定前綴un構成其反義詞unwisely，「不明智地」。同時，通過while，知道judiciously和unwisely是一對反義詞，從而可以利用反義詞法，進一步猜測出judiciously的意思為「明智地」。
Ⅵ 如何提高英語考試閱讀題的猜詞技巧(3)
八、語境線索或上下文
即利用語境來推測生詞含義的方法。這是我們用來推測詞義的主要方法之一。
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
根據上下文我們可以很容易得出chapter的詞義為這個組織the Red Hat Society的一個分支。
例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一貫性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不穩定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
根據上下文我們可知precept的詞義為“說教”。
例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!
Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.
根據語境我們知道available的詞義為“可與之交談的”或“有空的”。
例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (無精打採的) with magazines.
根據語境我們猜出stifling的詞義為“極熱的”。
九、標點符號的暗示
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
破折號後面的部分對the Red Hat Society作了解釋，是“一個認為老年人應該有自己樂趣的團體”。
例二：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.
第二個破折號後面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches應該指的是汽車的品牌或種類。
十、同義詞的替代關系
例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.
為避免重復使用endanger一詞， 用同義詞jeopardize來替代它, 我們推知jeopardize詞義為“使陷入危險，危及，危害”。
十一、利用主系表結構來猜詞
主系表結構的句子有兩種功能：一是說明主語的形狀和特徵;二是主語和表語是同位關系。
例一：To malign is to slander an innocent person.
表語意為“誹謗無辜的人”， 那樣主語就是“中傷，誹謗”的意思。
例二：Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.
表語意為“睡不著”，主語Insomnia無疑就是“失眠”了。
十二、生活常識
根據日常生活中的常識和相關的背景知識，大膽想像，合理發揮，推測出生詞的含義。
例一：Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest ring the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.
根據常識我們知道鼠類一般藏在洞里，因此生詞burrows的意思為“地洞，洞穴”。
例二：The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識，我們可以推測出slithered的詞義為“爬行”。
十三、構詞法
英語詞彙的構詞法主要有三種：派生，合成，轉化構詞。
我們主要利用派生構詞來推斷生詞的含義。
詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根的前面或後面加上詞綴，可以用來引申或轉變原詞的意義。一般來說，前綴改變詞根的意思;後綴改變詞性。
常見的前綴有：super- 超……
mini- 小型的……
re- 再，又……
post- 後
pre- 前
fore- 前
under- 下
後綴有：
-ment 名詞的後綴
-less 不，無
-proof 防……的
例句：Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.
根據語境和misrepresent的構詞方式， 前綴mis-的意思是“誤，錯-的”，詞根represent的意思是“表達，展示”之意, 合在一起我們知道misrepresent的詞義為“誤述，歪曲”。
十四、文中代詞指代的推測
高考題年年考查對文中代詞實際指代的對象。一般來說它實際指代的對象在含有代詞的句子前半部分或前一句話。我們把它叫做“前指”。
例一：Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.
根據我們上面講到的，they應該指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。
例二：The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
根據語境them.指代上文的readers。
雖然掌握一些猜詞技巧能幫助我們猜測詞義，但是我們不能只依靠這些。最重要的還是掌握全篇文。
Ⅶ 高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
馬上就要高考了，我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考，希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力，戰勝高考。
高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
一、利用定義或解釋(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, beknown as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is, that is to say, 定語從句…..etc.
舉例：
Pruning is important because it encourages thegrowth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves oftrees.(B)
The word "pruning" means______
A. Regular cutting(修剪) of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
二、利用普通常識和經驗(common sense or experience)
舉例：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.
"ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long orshort.
"adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
三、利用同義/同位語(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
舉例：
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favoriteof the tourists. (C)
The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
四、利用舉例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike,but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect.
舉例：
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飄)with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shyperson who does not like to go to parties or makenew friends.
五、利用比較或對比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over(過分的、過量的)+work=overwork“工作過度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied “不滿意的”。
六、利用構詞法(Word formation)：前綴、後綴、復合、派生等
舉例：
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the youngand old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives andmothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is wellknown and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word "illiterate" in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C. unecated D. sick
七、利用同義詞或反義詞(Synonym or Antonym)
舉例：
Signal words:because，since ,so, such......that,so......that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell youwhat to do .(B)
The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B. rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
八、利用原因與結果關系猜詞(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked asan engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
九、利用上下文的`語境(context or related information)
更多練習：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play: they askand answer questions, they obey orders, and if theydon't understand something, they say so.
The word "audience" in the paragraph means____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案：A
解題關鍵：常識 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛葯) was brought out recently, researchers found thatthe colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak andineffective(無效的).
Ⅷ 高考英語閱讀理解:高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
《高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧》由liuxue86.com我整理。本內容整理時間為05月12日，如有任何問題請聯系我們。 1.利用定義或解察指慶釋(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定語從句…..etc.
舉例：
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B)
The word “pruning” means______
A. Regular cutting（修剪） of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
2.利用普通常識和經驗(common sense or experience)
舉例敗握：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
“ocelot” means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long or short.
“adolescence” means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
3.利用同義/同位語(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
舉例：
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)
The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
4.利用舉例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…逗搏ect.
舉例：
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飄） with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
5.利用比較或對比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over（過分的、過量的）＋work＝overwork“工作過度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied “不滿意的”。
6.利用構詞法(Word formation)：前綴、後綴、復合、派生等
舉例：
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C unecated D. sick
7.利用同義詞或反義詞(Synonym or Antonym)
舉例：
Signal words:because，since ,so, such…that,so…that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(B)
The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “____” .
A．full of respect B． rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
8.利用原因與結果關系猜詞(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
9.利用上下文的語境(context or related information)
更多練習：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案：A
解題關鍵：常識 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛葯） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective（無效的）.
The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_______
Attracted the customers strongly
Had weak effects on the customers
Tricked the customers into shopping
Caused the customers to lose interest
答案：D
解題關鍵：因果關系 because
3. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
“hazard” means ___________________
A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction
答案：C
解題關鍵：舉例for example
4. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society
The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______
A. Those who try their best to win
B. Those who value competition most highly
C.Those who are against competition most strongly
D. Those who rely on others most for success
答案：C
解題關鍵：上下文語境 context or related information
5.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them－a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word “favoritism" is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
答案：B
解題關鍵：破折號（定義或同位語）
6. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
“Object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______
A. Still exists B. keeps its shape
C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach
答案：A
解題關鍵：
1.定義：definition that is to say也就是說
2.構詞法：permanent—permanence
7. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle“ probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
答案：C
解題關鍵：比較comparison(instead—相反,反而)
8. William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” most probably means? ? .
A．simple????B．mixed????C．sad???D．happy
答案：B
解題關鍵：definition or explanation 定義或解釋猜測詞義
9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.”
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” ?
A Messy and untidy.
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming
D. Unusual and foreign.
答案：D
解題關鍵：對比contrast，normal—but---unusual
10. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions ____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of（利用） other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
答案：C
解題關鍵：構詞法及下文解釋opportunity---ist
Ⅸ 英語閱讀理解解題技巧：猜詞
1 通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關或掘判聯詞表示前因後果。例如：
You shouldn』t have blamed him for that，for it wasn』t his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語，如happy and *，即使我們不認識*這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通衫改過構詞法猜詞
在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞彙，有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.
從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，於是便有一段乾旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，准確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更散棗詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。