英語閱讀理解猜詞技巧說課稿
1. 英語閱讀理解解題技巧：猜詞
1 通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關或掘判聯詞表示前因後果。例如：
You shouldn』t have blamed him for that，for it wasn』t his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語，如happy and *，即使我們不認識*這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通衫改過構詞法猜詞
在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞彙，有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.
從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，於是便有一段乾旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，准確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更散棗詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。
2. 高考英語閱讀理解:高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧
《高考英語閱讀理解九大猜詞技巧》由liuxue86.com我整理。本內容整理時間為05月12日，如有任何問題請聯系我們。 1.利用定義或解察指慶釋(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定語從句…..etc.
舉例：
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B)
The word “pruning” means______
A. Regular cutting（修剪） of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
2.利用普通常識和經驗(common sense or experience)
舉例敗握：
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
“ocelot” means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long or short.
“adolescence” means___________(The period between childhood and althood)
3.利用同義/同位語(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
舉例：
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)
The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
4.利用舉例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…逗搏ect.
舉例：
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飄） with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
5.利用比較或對比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over（過分的、過量的）＋work＝overwork“工作過度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied “不滿意的”。
6.利用構詞法(Word formation)：前綴、後綴、復合、派生等
舉例：
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C unecated D. sick
7.利用同義詞或反義詞(Synonym or Antonym)
舉例：
Signal words:because，since ,so, such…that,so…that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(B)
The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “____” .
A．full of respect B． rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
8.利用原因與結果關系猜詞(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
9.利用上下文的語境(context or related information)
更多練習：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案：A
解題關鍵：常識 teacher-----students
2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛葯） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective（無效的）.
The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_______
Attracted the customers strongly
Had weak effects on the customers
Tricked the customers into shopping
Caused the customers to lose interest
答案：D
解題關鍵：因果關系 because
3. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
“hazard” means ___________________
A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction
答案：C
解題關鍵：舉例for example
4. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society
The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______
A. Those who try their best to win
B. Those who value competition most highly
C.Those who are against competition most strongly
D. Those who rely on others most for success
答案：C
解題關鍵：上下文語境 context or related information
5.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them－a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word “favoritism" is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
答案：B
解題關鍵：破折號（定義或同位語）
6. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
“Object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______
A. Still exists B. keeps its shape
C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach
答案：A
解題關鍵：
1.定義：definition that is to say也就是說
2.構詞法：permanent—permanence
7. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle“ probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
答案：C
解題關鍵：比較comparison(instead—相反,反而)
8. William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” most probably means? ? .
A．simple????B．mixed????C．sad???D．happy
答案：B
解題關鍵：definition or explanation 定義或解釋猜測詞義
9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.”
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” ?
A Messy and untidy.
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming
D. Unusual and foreign.
答案：D
解題關鍵：對比contrast，normal—but---unusual
10. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions ____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of（利用） other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
答案：C
解題關鍵：構詞法及下文解釋opportunity---ist
3. 如何做好英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題
猜測詞義題
在閱讀中我們經常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費時費力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。近年來全國統一高考中加大了對考生猜詞義能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力都有非常重要的意義。
常見的題干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜測詞義時，一般可利用以下四個方面的線索：
一是針對性的解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或高深的詞彙等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體，所使用的語言通俗易懂，利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。
1.根據定義（definition）猜測詞義
如果生詞有一個句子（定語從句或是同位語<同位語前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位語從句）或段落來定義,或使用破折號，冒號，分號後的內容和引號括弧中的內容加以解釋和定義，那麼理解這個句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（聲稱）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定義可推知，這里territory指的是：動物的地盤。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位語an endangered wild cat我們很快猜出生詞ocelots的義域：一種瀕臨滅絕野貓。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通過whose引導的定語從句，我們可以推測到：The Pines 是一家餐館的名字，由此不難推出理解題的答案為：D。
2.根據舉例猜測詞義
恰當的舉例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年遼寧卷）
[分析]根據such as 後面列舉的一系列例子，我們應該能推斷出句中的issue 是指議題。
二是內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指應用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系，然後根據邏輯聯系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比、比較關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關系的詞彙和短語主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示對比關系的句子結構：while 引導的並列句。同對比關系相反，比較關系表示意義上的相似關系。表示比較關系的詞和短語主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根據對比關系，這里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意義，很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk和loquacious 之間的比較關系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是健談的。
2.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現象之間構成因果關系，我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推測生詞詞義。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根據since 引導的原因狀語從句的內容（既然你是我的上司），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，後半句的意思是：我告訴你怎麼做會是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對應的理解題答案為：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根據原因狀語從句的內容，我們可以判斷Pruning的意思是：修剪（樹枝等）的意思。
3.根據說明、並列、同等同義近義、、反義等關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據語言環境所表面的關系猜測詞義。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together. （2005年江蘇卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具體地說明了a mingled yarn的意義，據此我們不難推測mingled的意思是：混合的，交織的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根據and three other medical centers 這種並列關系，我們很容易推斷出：Johns Hopkins是一家醫療中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根據與insult侮辱的同等關系猜測defame為詆毀 ，中傷或誹謗
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]運用與football的同義關系推斷為足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]運用與The house近義關系可以推斷dwelling與住所有關
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]後面的urban and rural, the young and old之間都有反義關系，運用這個關系可以推斷illiterated為未接受過教育的，即文盲
三是通過構詞法
在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。
1.根據前綴猜測詞義
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根據詞根ecational （教育的），結合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根據後綴猜測詞義
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年廣東卷）
後綴 -ise/ize意思是使成為；使化，結合詞根commercial（商業的），不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商業化的。
3.根據復合詞的各部分猜測詞義
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（別扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結構後，就能推測出其含義。它由well （好，優秀）和design （設計）兩部分組成，合在一起便是設計精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手藝) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根據合成詞中的mass （大量的）和proce （生產），我們可以推測 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生產；規模生產的意思。
4.猜測詞性變換新詞含義
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山東卷）
head本為名詞，表頭。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷，該句head為動詞，表方向，結合全句可譯為開往、駛向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全國卷Ⅱ）
cloud本為名詞，表雲。分析語境邏輯可知，憂慮會影響一個人的判斷，因此該句clouded應譯為使難以。
4. 英語閱讀猜詞技巧
英語閱讀猜詞技巧
做英語閱讀的過程中，遇到不懂的單詞我們有時候會猜詞義，下面我給大家介紹英語閱讀猜詞技巧，一起來學習吧!
1.構詞法猜詞
在閱讀中我們常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構詞法對猜詞義和背單詞都很有幫助。如wheelchair，wheel是輪子的意思，chair則是椅子。顯而易見，有輪子的椅子就是輪椅了。
2.利用同義近義詞猜詞
在生詞所出現的上下文中，有時會出現與之同義或近義的詞語或結構，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。生詞前後的句子一般會出現並列連詞and或or時，不妨通過其上下文的單詞推測出大概的詞義。
3.利用反義詞猜詞
對比是議論文中常用於描述事物的方法。在對比中，我們可根據反義或對比關系從已知推出未知。如反義詞cleverand stupid, internal and external，有時句內詞與詞之間，段內句與句之間的`關繫上起著互為線索的作用。
4.利用上下文語境猜詞
這是閱讀文章最常用的技巧，也是高考考查的熱點之一。因為句子在全文內容中不是孤立的，我們可以根據上下文提供的情景和線索進行合理分析，推測詞義。在此建議蜂友們在閱讀文章時要適當畫出重點詞句，了解文章大概內容，能快速找出答題線索喔。
5.利用定義和解釋猜詞
科學說明文會較多出現專有名詞，看似困難，實際不難。因為下文通常會以破折號，同位語，定語從句等對關鍵詞進行解釋。
6.利用例證猜詞
為了說明或證實，文章中經常會舉例說明前面生詞，這些例子可幫助我們猜測生詞。舉例時，常用的一些短語，如：suchas，like，for example，for instance等。
7.根據語義轉折猜詞
我們可以根據轉折意思猜測詞義。如：though，although，still，but，yet，instead，instead of，however，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another等。
8．利用經驗和常識猜詞
在記敘文中可以利用日常經驗推出詞義，例如：To his great surprise, she pulledthe perfect pearl from her purse.
主要通過分析後半句，她從purse中拿出完美無瑕的珍珠。一位女士會從哪裡中拿出這么珍貴的東西呢？由此推斷該句中purse是手提包的意思。
;5. 英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧
英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧
在英語閱讀中，我們自然會遇到許多生詞。下面是我分享的英語閱讀中的猜詞技巧，歡迎大家閱讀！
一、針對性解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好地表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或詞彙等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜詞義比較容易。
1.根據定義猜測詞義
如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義，理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。例如：
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定義可知，anthropology就是「研究人類的科學」。
In slang the term 「jam」 constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同樣，從上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是「困境」。
定義句的謂語動詞多為：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。
2.根據復述猜測詞義
雖然復述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細，但是提供的`信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。復述部分可以是適當詞、短語或是從句。
同位語，例如：
Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗號中短語意為「對詞意義進行研究的學科」。該短語與前面生詞semantics是同位關系，因此我們不難猜出semantics指「語義學」。
在復述中構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號、引號和括弧等。
二、內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指運用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系，然後根據邏輯關系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.
該例中supercilious對許多人來說可能是個生詞，但是句中短語in contrast（相對照的，相對比的）提示我們supercilious和後面片語humble and modest（謙卑又謙虛）是對比關系。分析出這種關系後，我們便能猜出supercilious意為「目空一切的，傲慢的」。
2.根據比較關系猜測詞義
同對比關系相反，比較關系表示意義上的相似關系，例如：
Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關系，以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為「健談的」。
表示比較關系的詞和短語主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，若兩個事物、現象之間構成因果關系，我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推知生詞詞義。例如：
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根據原因狀語從句的內容，我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指「獨斷專行的」。
There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.
此句為結果狀語從句，根據從句的描述「許多者」，我們便可推知elbow的詞義為「擠、擠過」。
三、外部相關因素
外部相關因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知識。有時僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系無法猜出詞義。這時，就需要運用生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。例如：
Husband ：It』s really cold out tonight.
Wife：Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根據生活經驗，天氣寒冷時，手肯定是「凍僵的，凍得麻木的」。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識，我們可以推斷出slither詞義為「爬行」。
綜上所述，利用各種已知信息推測、判斷詞義是一項重要的閱讀技巧。在實踐中，我們可以靈活運用上面提到的幾種猜測技巧，排除生詞的障礙，順利理解文章想內容，提高閱讀速度和閱讀的准確性。
;6. 如何提高英語考試閱讀題的猜詞技巧(3)
八、語境線索或上下文
即利用語境來推測生詞含義的方法。這是我們用來推測詞義的主要方法之一。
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
根據上下文我們可以很容易得出chapter的詞義為這個組織the Red Hat Society的一個分支。
例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一貫性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不穩定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
根據上下文我們可知precept的詞義為“說教”。
例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!
Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.
根據語境我們知道available的詞義為“可與之交談的”或“有空的”。
例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (無精打採的) with magazines.
根據語境我們猜出stifling的詞義為“極熱的”。
九、標點符號的暗示
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
破折號後面的部分對the Red Hat Society作了解釋，是“一個認為老年人應該有自己樂趣的團體”。
例二：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.
第二個破折號後面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches應該指的是汽車的品牌或種類。
十、同義詞的替代關系
例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.
為避免重復使用endanger一詞， 用同義詞jeopardize來替代它, 我們推知jeopardize詞義為“使陷入危險，危及，危害”。
十一、利用主系表結構來猜詞
主系表結構的句子有兩種功能：一是說明主語的形狀和特徵;二是主語和表語是同位關系。
例一：To malign is to slander an innocent person.
表語意為“誹謗無辜的人”， 那樣主語就是“中傷，誹謗”的意思。
例二：Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.
表語意為“睡不著”，主語Insomnia無疑就是“失眠”了。
十二、生活常識
根據日常生活中的常識和相關的背景知識，大膽想像，合理發揮，推測出生詞的含義。
例一：Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest ring the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.
根據常識我們知道鼠類一般藏在洞里，因此生詞burrows的意思為“地洞，洞穴”。
例二：The snake slithered through the grass.
根據有關蛇的生活習性的知識，我們可以推測出slithered的詞義為“爬行”。
十三、構詞法
英語詞彙的構詞法主要有三種：派生，合成，轉化構詞。
我們主要利用派生構詞來推斷生詞的含義。
詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根的前面或後面加上詞綴，可以用來引申或轉變原詞的意義。一般來說，前綴改變詞根的意思;後綴改變詞性。
常見的前綴有：super- 超……
mini- 小型的……
re- 再，又……
post- 後
pre- 前
fore- 前
under- 下
後綴有：
-ment 名詞的後綴
-less 不，無
-proof 防……的
例句：Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.
根據語境和misrepresent的構詞方式， 前綴mis-的意思是“誤，錯-的”，詞根represent的意思是“表達，展示”之意, 合在一起我們知道misrepresent的詞義為“誤述，歪曲”。
十四、文中代詞指代的推測
高考題年年考查對文中代詞實際指代的對象。一般來說它實際指代的對象在含有代詞的句子前半部分或前一句話。我們把它叫做“前指”。
例一：Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.
根據我們上面講到的，they應該指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。
例二：The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
根據語境them.指代上文的readers。
雖然掌握一些猜詞技巧能幫助我們猜測詞義，但是我們不能只依靠這些。最重要的還是掌握全篇文。
7. 2020高考英語閱讀理解猜題技巧
2020高考英語晌友閱讀理解猜題技巧俗話說，得閱讀者得高考!猜詞題是閱讀理解中相對簡單的一種題型。根據多年的高考英語教學經驗，我將猜詞題的類型進行了具體的分類，下面是我特意為大家整理了關於2020高考英語閱讀理解猜題技巧的相關材料，希望對您的工作和生活有幫助。
1.構詞法;2.同義詞;3.反義詞;4.上下文;
5.釋義法;6.因果題;7.代詞題;8.常識題
下面我來舉例說明。
1.構詞法:前綴、後綴、復合、派生等
Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.
Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.
A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful
解析:劃線單詞inexpensive是一個派生詞，由否定前綴in和單詞expensive(昂搜缺貴的)構成，意思是“不昂貴的”，故選A (便宜的)。
2.同義詞(列舉法)
Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like，as---as, etc.
Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.
Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________
A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction
解析:根據劃線詞hazard後面的舉例，“無法忍受的炎熱，可能迷路，野生動物和毒蛇的出現”世謹辯，這些都屬於“危險的事情”(danger)，故選C。
3.反義詞
轉折詞:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等
Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests
解析:根據劃線詞hassle後的轉折詞instead(相反)，可以推斷出hassle是與a basket of fun(一筐樂趣)意思相反。故選C (一種導致困難或麻煩的情形)。
4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和線索推測
Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
解析:charisma為非考綱詞彙表上單詞，其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關。故選A(一種天然的吸引他人的能力)。
5.釋義法:使用定語(從句)、表語、同位語、冒號、破折號、分號等解釋說明
信息詞: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......
William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線), good and ill together."
Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?
A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy
解析:根據後文的釋義，good and ill together，可以推斷劃線詞mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed)，故選B。
6.因果題
When some kind of pain killer (止痛葯) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(無效的).
Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______
A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers
C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest
解析:根據because後的解釋，“因為他們使產品看起來軟弱和無效”，可以推斷出結果“導致顧客失去興趣”。故選D。
7.代詞題
信息詞:one，it，that，he，him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.
Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.
A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money
解析:代詞指代必須符合就近原則，指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。復數代詞they指代復數名詞。故選D
8.常識題
Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.
Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B.rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
解析:常識題。在Kim看來，因為對方是自己的上司，告訴上司去做什麼，會顯得不禮貌(rude)、自負(too confident)。故選B。
經過分類整理，猜詞題的命題思路就變得非常清晰，了解了命題思路，做題時就有了方向。
當然，要想真正掌握這些策略，還需要大量的訓練實踐，不斷地吸收消化，最後融會貫通。
我是苗爸，“職業化家庭英語啟蒙訓練”推廣人。我會每天分享英語啟蒙和高考英語相關的原創文章。
今天的分享到此結束。我們明天再見!