深圳英語中考閱讀理解推理判斷題
㈠ 2017中考英語閱讀理解題的問題類型及其解題方法
中考英語閱讀理解題的問題類型及其解題方法
閱讀理解是中考的必考題型，因為它能全面快速地反映出學生的英語水平。閱讀理解題型有很多種，但從命題角度來看，通常可以分為四種：即事實細節題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題和主旨大意題。
事實理解題主要考查學生對文章中的細節與具體事實的把握能力，內容涉及詢問事實、原因、結果和目的等，屬於淺層次的理解題，難度較低。同學們需要在有限的時間歲漏內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，發現文章中的細節信息，然後遵循由整體到細節的原則，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—詞語的步驟來解題。
一、命題特點
事實細節題的考點非常明確，主要有以下幾處：
1、列舉信息處常考。
文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等並列關系出現的地方，常會要求考生從所列的內容中，選擇符合題干要求的選項。
2、舉列與打比方之處常考。
考生要對那些引出例子或比喻的標志詞，如as, such as, for example, for instance等加以注意，因為這些詞是作者為使自己的觀點更具說服力而用來引出具體事例的，這些事例就是常考的細節處。
3、指示代詞出現處常考。
這類考題常用來考查學生是否真正了解上下文句子之間的邏輯關系。
4、引用人物論斷處常考。
作者為正確表達自己的觀點或使論點更有依據，常會引用某些權威人士的論斷或採納其重要的發現。
5、特殊標點符號後的內容常考。
因為特殊標點符號後的內容往往是對前面內容的進一步解釋或說明，同學們注意到這些標點，也就注意到了細節。這些特殊符號包括表示乎扮爛解釋的破折號、括弧和冒號以及表示引用的引號等。
另外，事實細節題的選項也很有特點：通常正確答案不是照搬的原文；干擾選項則正好相反，有的來自原文信息，但不是題目要求的內容；有的符合常識，但不符合原文內容；有的與原句內容極為相似,只是在程度上有些缺遲變動；有的與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正確或部分錯誤。
二、解題方法
1. 跳讀查找法
這個方法的要點在於先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。同學們做這類題時可以邊讀邊做記號，能加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的准確率，節省寶貴的時間，這是做事實細節題最基本也是最常用的方法。一般來說，細節題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子，然後進行比較和分析，便可確定答案。
另外，運用跳讀查找法解題時，同學們要特別注意試題以及選項與原文之間的適當變換。根據近幾年的中考題情況來看，很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的，通常要進行一定的處理，而這種「處理」主要就是進行語義轉換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。
例：I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn』t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
1. How many children does the writer』s mother have?
A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six.
2. 排除法
排序題也屬於事實細節題的一種題型，它通常出現在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息詞，如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息詞的提示閱讀，可以加快理解的進程。在做細節排序題時，首先要確定首或尾的答案，通常四個選項中會有兩個選項的順序類似，正確答案往往在這兩個選項中選擇，找到兩者的不同之處，回到原文，進行核對，一旦確定，後面的排序就不用再比較了。
例：A topiary gardener should make a drawing first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardener then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one that is already in place.
In June of the plant』s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it』s time to shape (給……造型) the bottom of the bush. It needs about five years. The top is not trimmed ring this time. In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole bush.
2. Put the following in the right order according to the passage.
a. The gardener chooses a bush for the topiary.
b. The whole bush grows tall enough for shaping.
c. The gardener begins to shape the bottom of the bush.
d. The gardener draws the shape of a topiary.
A. d→a→b→c B. b→c→a→d C. a→d→c→b D. d→a→c→b
3. 簡單計演算法
數字計算題也是事實細節題的一種，要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除運算，以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時，考生首先要弄清題乾的要求是什麼，然後找到與它相關的數字，再對它們進行分析、整合，最後計算出正確答案。
例：When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
3. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________of that in 1900.
A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth
細節題占閱讀理解的比例很大，閱讀時要特別注意以下幾點：
第一，閱讀時，利用這類關鍵詞和片語that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脈絡。另外在問題的選項中表示絕對意義的詞first （第一），least （最不），always （總是），never（永不），all（所有），none（一個也不），any（任何）和表示性的詞彙only（只有） , just（僅僅），往往是命題的陷阱，因此要多加註意。
第二，閱讀時，必須以原文提供的事實、細節和邏輯關系為依據，切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作者的觀點、看法混為一談。
第三，文章中的數字、日期、時間都是設題的重點，此類題目很少是文章中表層出現的數字或日期，通常需要做簡單的計算。
閱讀能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一個過程。同學們應該持之以恆，進行有計劃、有目的的閱讀實踐，提高閱讀能力。
推理判斷題
推理判斷題是每年中考的必考題型之一，也是英語閱讀理解中難度較大的題型，屬於深層理解題。它要求學生對文章中的內容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就是要運用邏輯推理能力推論出蘊含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實及暗示的含義，即英語中所說的「read between the lines」。因此，學生應在理解全文的基礎上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發，運用邏輯思維，並藉助一定的常識進行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之間搭起橋梁，透過字里行間，體會「弦外之音」，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。
一、推理判斷題常見提問方式
1. The writer/author/passage implies/suggests (暗示)that __________.
2. It can be inferred（推斷）from the passage that __________.
3. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
4. What does the author conclude about?
5. The passage is intended to __________.
6. The first paragraph of this passage is to __________.
7. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?
8. From the passage, we can learn/conclude that __________.
9. Which of the following might happen later?
10. The passage may be a/an __________.
11. Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT true?
二、選項特點分析
命題人在設置選項時，會遵循一定的特點和規律，因此學生了解了推理判斷題選項的特點，對提高選項的正確率會有很大幫助。
1．正確選項的特點
（1）正確答案一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；
（2）正確答案的表述一般不會太絕對，而會用一些相對能夠留下一些餘地的詞彙，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；
（3）正確答案有的時候反而是與通過常識判斷得出的結論相反，要特別注意。
2．干擾選項的特點
（1）只是原文的簡單復述，而非推斷出的結論；
（2）看似從原文推斷出來的結論，然而實際上與原文不符；
（3）根據常識判斷是正確的，然而不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的觀點；
（4）雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據，但推理過頭、概括過度；
（5）有部分選項的內容純屬編造。
三、推理判斷題的解題方法
做推理判斷題要注意兩點:一是推理，二是判斷，而且兩者密不可分。推理是為了判斷，判斷依賴於推理。推理判斷題要求學生根據原文，經過推理，進行判斷，從而得出結論，所以推理判斷題的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理時務必要忠實於原文，在文章中尋找可推論的依據，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。下面結合2011年各省市的中考題，就考試中常用的四種推理方法進行一一說明。
1. 抓住特定關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理
做此類試題要善於抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用正向推理或逆向思維，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
例：Mark Wellman showed that if you set your heart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dream impossible.
1. What can we learn from the passage?
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B. Dreams will come true in the end.
C. Each step is important to success.
D. Nothing can stop a strong will.
2. 利用作者的思想感情進行推斷
作者在寫作時，自然而然會滲透自己的喜怒哀樂。通過一些表達感情色彩或思想傾向的措辭，領會作者的思想感情，一些考查觀點態度的題目就迎刃而解了。
例：My whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers, I feel regretful that I cannot find them and say thank you. I do not even remember what the man』s face looked like, but he taught me a lesson — people are more important than things.
2. According to the passage, which word can best describe the man?
A. Rude. B. Funny. C. Silly. D. Kind.
例：I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in time to catch the 7:25 train to Paris, but there was no hope of that now. …It was almost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly, took hold of my bags quickly and hurried inside. 「Paris train」 was all I had time to say to the official (鐵路職工) I saw. You can guess how I feel when he pointed to a train that was just moving out of the station.
3. How did the writer feel at Vienna station?
A. He felt lonely. B He felt angry. C. He felt surprised D. He felt sad.
3. 根據上下文的邏輯關系得出結論
不同的文章有不同的寫作方法和文章結構。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段與段之間、句與句之間都存在著某種邏輯關系。抓住了這種邏輯關系，也就把握住了作者的寫作思路和寫作意圖。
例：2011年北京卷
My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF, ILNY, its gr8.
Can you understand this sentence? If you can』t, don』t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: …
4. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To give an example of a foreign language.
B. To show an example of creative methods.
C. To express worries about using Netspeak.
D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.
4. 結合常識進行推斷
有些文章，如科普類說明文、記敘類時政要聞等文體具有一定的背景知識。因此解答此類文章的題目，除了把握相關文段的細節外，還應注意充分運用自己的常識，結合題目去分析推理。
例：BEIJING (Xinhua) — Chinese have started to enjoy cars at low prices after the country became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, competition between people has become stronger. According to the China』s Ministry of Personnel (人事部), about 170 million people will lose their jobs after the country has joined the WTO.
5. This passage is probably _____.
A. a story B. a note C. a letter D. a news report
以上分別從四個方面講解了如何對文章隱含信息進行推理判斷，但有時候題目的設計不一定這么層次分明，需要同時從不同角度對文章的信息進行綜合分析、推理和判斷。例如方法三中的例子，需要綜合考慮上下文邏輯關系以及文章的感情色彩，才能做出正確的判斷。因此，在閱讀的過程中，需要考生在熟練掌握的基礎上靈活運用這些方法。
㈡ 2008深圳市中考英語試卷
七年級英語上學期階段調研試卷
第 一卷（55分）
一、聽力測試（20分）
A．找出與所聽句子相符的圖畫，將其序號填入左邊的括弧內。
( )5. A. B. C.
B．聽錄音，選擇合適的應答句。
( ) 6. A. Yes, he is B. Yes, he does C. No, she doesn』t
( ) 7. A. Every morning B. Tomorrow afternoon C. For half an hour
( ) 8. A. Millie』s B. It』s Millie C. Millie is
( )9. A. I』m happy B. Here it is C. Thank you
( )10.A. You can B. I don』t understand C. Sorry, I don』t know
C．根據所聽對話及問題選擇正確答案。
( )11. A. Apples B. Oranges C. Pears
( )12. A. America B. England C. Beijing
( )13. A. To see a friend B. To see her mother C. To take her dog for a walk
( )14. A. 22 B. 46 C. 24
( )15. A. On foot B. By bus C. By bike
D．根據所聽短文內容選擇最佳答案
( )16. Helen is Tony』s ____________
A. brother B. sister C. teacher
( )17. Which sports does Tony like? _________
A. Tennis and swimming B .Basketball and swimming C. Football and basketball
( )18. Tony is ______years old and Helen is _______years old.
A. 11,13 B. 13,11 C. 11,12
( )19. Tony is in Class________, Grade _______
A. One, One B. One, Four C. Four, One
( )20. Helen likes__________
A. playing tennis B. Chinese C. music .
二、單項選擇（15分）
( ) 1. He says 「 __________」 to his parents when he goes to bed.
A. Good evening B. Hello C. Goodbye D. Good night
( ) 2. ----How do you say it________ English? ---It』s a radio.
A. for B. to C. of D. in
( )3. Millie is _____English. She often writes ______e-mail to me.
A. an, an B. /, an C. /, a D. an ,the
( )4. My English book is at home today. Can you _____yours with me?
A. borrow B. take C. share D. bring
( )5. Everyone in my class _______ on Sundays.
A. go fishing B. goes fishing
C. going fishing D. goes to fishing
( ) 6. ---- Where ______you_______? ----Haian.
A. do ,from B. are, come from C. do, come from D. does, come from
( )7. China joined(加入)________ in 2001.
A. UN B.WTO C. KFC D. VIP
( )8. ----Would you like _______ milk? --- Yes, thanks.
A. some B. many C. any D. lot of
( ) 9. ---Are there any birds ______the tree? ----_____, but there is only one.
A. on, Yes B. in, Yes C. on, No D. in, No
( ) 10. ----Let』s go and ________the game. ----Why not?
A. see B. look C. look at D. watch
( )11.---- Kitty, _______late for school again ----- Sorry, I won』t.
A. isn』t B. doesn』t be C. don』t be D. not be
( )12. She wants _______ an Mp3 _____me on my birthday.
A. buys /for B. to buy/to C. buy/to D. to buy/for
( )13. ________does your grandfather often wait?
A. Who B. What C. Where D. Which
( )14. -----Are these _______rubbers? -----Yes, they are______ .
A. your, our B. his, my C. his, mine D. your, ours
( )15. The music sounds ________. Let』s enjoy it.
A. nice B. well C. bad D. sad
三、完形填空（10分）
In many English homes, people eat 1 meals（餐）a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. They 2 breakfast at any time 3 seven 4 nine in the morning. They 5 tea or coffee 6
eat bread or eggs. 7 comes at one o』clock in the afternoon. 8 tea is from four to five
in the afternoon, and dinner is about 7:30. First, they have some soup; then they have meat(肉)or fish with vegetables(蔬菜). After that, they eat some other things, 9 bananas, apples or oranges. But not all English people like that. Some 10 them have their dinner in the
middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and these meals are very simple(簡單).
( ) 1. A. one B. two C. three D. four
( )2. A. has B. have C. eats D. eating
( ) 3. A. to B. on C. from D. in
( )4. A. in B. to C. from D. at
( ) 5. A. drink B. drinks C. cook D. cooks
( )6. A. but B. and C. or D. with
( )7. A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Supper D. Tea
( ) 8. A. Morning B. Afternoon C. Evening D. Night
( )9. A. look like B. are like C. like D. would like
( )10.A. of B. on C. in D. for
四、 閱讀理解（10分）
A
Yao Ming is a basketball star. But now he is a film star.
There is a film about Yao Ming. Its name is The Year of the Yao. Americans made the
film(製片). Now it has come to China.
The film lasts(持續) for 88 minutes. It is about Yao Ming』s first year in the NBA. Some
NBA stars talk about Yao Ming in the film. So you can see Michel Jordan and Shaquille O
Neal in it.
The film can help us know more about Yao Ming. Let』s go to the cinema.
根據短文，判斷正誤，正確的寫 「T」，錯誤的寫 「F」。
( )1 Yao Ming plays for Huanghe Football Team.
( )2. The film is made in USA.
( )3. The film lasts for one and a half hours.
( )4. You can see Lihua in the film.
( )5. The film can help you know more about Yao Ming.
B.
Today is Sunday. Our class meets at seven thirty a.m. at the school gate. We take a bus to
Haian Park. The price(價格)of the ticket(票) for each alt（成人） is eighteen yuan, but for each student is half. The park is open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
First we play games in the park. And then we have dinner at noon. After that we sit and chat
under the trees. At half past three, we go to the Swimming Club. We come back home at about six
o』clock in the afternoon because（因為） it is time for all of us to have supper. We are tired(累) but we are very happy.
( )6. We meet ___________
A. at the school gate. B. in the park C. in the bus D. in the Swimming Club
( ) 7. The price of the ticket for each student is _________yuan.
A. nineteen B. thirty—six C. nine D. eighteen
( )8. The park is open for _______hours a day.
A. eight B. nine C. ten D. eleven
( ) 9. After dinner we sit and chat________
A. at home B. near the club C. on the sofa D. under the trees
( ) 10. Why do the students go home at about six p.m.?
A. Because they are happy B. Because they are tired
C. Because they go home for supper D. Because they have some homework to do
第二卷（45分）
五、詞彙題(20分)
A．找出劃線部分讀音與其餘三個不同的單詞，將序號寫在題前括弧內。
( ) 1. A. down B. brown C. window D. now
( )2. A. bread B. clean C. please D. read
( )3. A. cake B. can C. late D. great
( )4. A. school B. chair C. watch D. match
( )5. A. thank B. uncle C. sing D. one
B. 根據句意和漢語意思寫出句中所缺單詞。
1. He __________（總是）reads books about football.
2. Millie』s friends have many _____________(禮物) for her.
3. ____________ comes after Monday.
4. What』s your ______________(最喜愛的)colour?
5. The old man enjoys ___________(畫)pictures at night.
C. 選用方框內所給單詞的適當形式填空。
shop fun fly play they
1. It』s a _________ book. I like it.
2. My mother sometimes does some _________ in the evening.
3. How many_________ are there in the football team?
4. Whose are the socks? They are ________.
5. John usually _______kites with his friend at the weekend.
D. 用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
1. We ___________(not, go) to school on Saturdays.
2. Look! The light is red. You mustn』t _________(cross) the street.
3. _______Lily _________(study) at Beijing Sunshine Secondary School?
4. Please help me _________(clean) the house this afternoon.
5. Would you like __________(watch)TV?
六、句型轉換（5分）
1. Kate has a computer lesson on Friday.(否定句)
Kate ________ ________ a computer lesson on Friday.
2. There is a dress in the bag. (改成復數形式)
There ______ _______ _______ in the bag.
3. The children chat with each other at lunchtime. (劃線提問)
_______ _______ the children chat with each other?
4. Daniel is in the school Music Club.(同義句)
Daniel is _______ __________ ______ the school Music Club.
七、根據所學課文內容填空，每空一詞（5分）
Miss Gao is our teacher. She gets up _______ on Saturday morning. She _________the flowers in the garden first. Then she runs _______her dog in the park for about half an hour. After that she goes to the bookshop to have a look at new books. She has lunch near the bookshop. She doesn』t take a bus ________. She likes walking _________the street and enjoys the sunshine.
In the afternoon she cleans her house. She often cooks dinner at home. She enjoys her weekends.
八、任務型閱讀（5分）
閱讀下面的短文完成句子（每空一詞）
Mrs. Mason is standing near a car. She is looking at it. It is a beautiful car and it is very big. Mrs.
Mason likes big cars. A policeman is standing behind Mrs. Mason. He is looking at the car, too.
He is writing in a notebook. Now he is giving(給)a piece of paper to Mrs. Mason.
Policeman: Excuse me, Madam.
Mrs. Mason: Yes?
Policeman: This is for you.
Mrs. Mason: What is it?
Policeman: It』s a ticket.
Mrs. Mason: A ticket?
Policeman: Can you see the notice(布告)？
Mrs. Mason : Yes.
Policeman: It says 「No parking」. You can』t park your car here.
Mrs. Mason : This isn』t my car.
(1) Mrs. Mason is standing in _________ of the policeman.
(2) This policeman gives Mrs. Mason a ___________.
(3) The notice ________ 「No parking」
(4) 「No parking」 means you can』t ________ your car here.
(5) Mrs. Mason tells the policeman that car isn』t ___________.
九、書面表達（10分）
同學們，Amy想要加入電腦俱樂部，Hobo請你用英語寫一篇介紹Amy相關情況的書面材料。字數50左右，書面材料的開頭和結尾已寫好，不計入總字數。
年齡 15
籍貫 英國
學校 上海第五中學
外貌 高、苗條、黑色短發、深褐色眼睛、戴眼鏡
愛好 打羽毛球、玩電腦游戲、跑步
特長 英語、唱歌等
其他 彬彬有禮、樂於助人、深受老師和同學喜愛
Her name is Amy. ________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . She hopes that she can be in the Computer Club.
初一英語試卷聽力材料
聽力材料(聽力測試)
A 找出與所聽句子相符的圖畫，將其序號填入左邊括弧內。
1. Hey! Don』t climb the tree in the park.
2. My aunt likes dancing and she dances every evening.
3. Oh, I』m late. It』s eleven fifteen.
4. Tomorrow is your birthday, Mum. Here is a dress for you.
5.Eddie is between the boxes. How lovely it is!
B. 聽錄音，選擇合適的應答句
6. Does your brother look after the old woman every day?
7. How long does Miss Gao run in the park?
8. Whose basketball is between the chairs?
9. Happy birthday to you!
10.Can you tell me the answer to this question?
C. 根據所聽對話及問題選擇正確答案
11. M: Do you like apples ?
W: No, I don』t . I like pears.
Question: What does the girl like?
12. M: Were you born in America, Betty?
W: No, I was born in England. What about you?
M: I was born in Beijing.
Question: Where was Betty born?
13. M: What do you do on Sunday morning?
W: I go to see my mother.
Question: What does the woman do on Sunday morning?
14. M: How many students are there in your class?
W: 46
M: And how many girls are there?
W: 22
Question: How many boys are there in the class?
15. M: Do you ride a bike to school every day?
W: Yes. And you?
M: I walk there
Question: How does the boy go to school every day?
D．根據所聽短文選擇最佳答案
Tony is Helen』s brother. They are English. They』re in the same school. They go to school by bike every day. The school is near their home. Tony is 13 years old. He is in Class 4, Grade 1. He is a good student. He is good at Maths. And he likes tennis and swimming. Helen is 11 years old. She likes music and she can sing very well. But she doesn』t like Chinese. She isn』t good at Chinese.
She needs help.
初一英語試卷參考答案
一、 聽力（20分）
1---5 A C C A A 6----10 B C A C C
11---15 C B B C A 16---20 B A B C C
二、單項選擇（15分）
1----5 D D B C B 6---10 C B A B D 11---15 C D C D A
三、完形填空（10分）
1----5 D B C B A 6---10 B B B C A
四、閱讀理解（10分）
1----5 F T F F T 6---10 A C B D C
五、詞彙 (20分)
A. 1----5 C A B A D
B. 1 always 2 presents 3 Tuesday 4 favourite 5 drawing
C. 1 funny 2 shopping 3. players 4 theirs 5 flies
D. 1 don』t go 2 cross 3. Does…study
4 clean/to clean 5. to watch
六、句型轉換（5分，每空0.5分）
1. doesn』t have 2. are some dresses 3. When do 4. a member of
七、根據課文內容填空（5分）
early/ waters/with/home/down
八、任務型閱讀（5分）
1. front 2. ticket 3. says 4 park 5 hers
九、書面表達略（10分）
㈢ 初中英語閱讀理解題訓練
初中英語閱讀理解題訓練
英語，語文，數學，歷史，思想政治，思想品德等科目將貫穿初中三年。為了幫助大家學習英語，我分享了一些初中英語閱讀理解，歡迎閱讀!
賣雨傘的老人
Yesterday evening, when I went to town with my mother, we met a strange old man. It was raining hard and we had no umbrella(傘). We were trying to get into a taxi when he came up to us. He was carrying a nice umbrella and he said that he would give it to us for only a pound. He had forgotten his wallet, he said, needed taxi-fare(出租汽車費) to go back home. My mother didn’t believe what he had said at first, and asked him a lot of questions. But the old man didn’t get into a taxi. We followed(跟隨) him and found he went into a pub(小酒店) and bought himself a glass of whiskey (威士忌) with the pound. After he drank it, he put on his hat and took up one of the many wet umbrellas there and went off with the new one. Soon after that, he sold it again.
1. The old man sold an umbrella to the writer and her mother.
2. He gave it to them for only a pound because he had forgotten his wallet and needed taxi fare to go back home.
3. The umbrella was worth more than one pound.
4. The old man sold his own umbrella.
5. He was an honest man.
參考答案與解析：
1. A 推理判斷題。雖然文中不可直接找到答案，但由後文的bought himself a glass of whiskey (威士忌) with the pound.中pound前用的是the(那) 和he sold it again中的again(又)可推斷出，作者和他母親買了那個老人的傘。
2. B 事實細節題。由文中所述這個老人收錢後並沒乘taxi回家，而是去pub喝酒可知。
3. A 推理判斷題。他要將傘賣給作者時說for only a pound中的only可以推斷，那把傘不只值1英鎊。
4. B推理判斷題。這個老頭先賣給了作者一把傘，可是他喝酒後又took up one of the many wet umbrellas there，並將其很快賣掉，由此推斷賣的並不是他自己的傘，而是別人的傘。
5. B推理判斷題。這個老人原來說賣傘乘taxi回家，事實上是上pub喝酒，後來又拿別的雨傘去賣掉，由此可推斷他是不誠實的。
前人栽樹 後人乘涼
A rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. On the ground lay a young tree, ready to be planted. The rich man called out to the old man, “What kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?”
“This is a fig(無花果) tree, sir. ” He said.
“A fig tree?” the rich man was very surprised, “Why, how old are you, may I ask?”
“I am ninety years old.”
“What!” cried the rich man, “You’re ninety years old. You are planting a very young tree now and it’ll take years to give fruit. You certainly don’t hope to live long enough to get any fruit from this tree. ” The old man looked around the garden. Then he said with a smile, “Tell me, sir. Did you eat figs when you were a boy? ”“Sure,” the man did not know why he asked this question. “Then tell me this,” he said, “Who planted the fig trees?” “Why-why? I don’t know.” “You see, sir.” went on the old man,“Our forefathers(祖先) planted trees for us to enjoy and I am doing the same for the people after me.”
The rich man was quiet and said, “You are right，my good man. We should do some things for the people after us. Thank you very much.” Then he rode away.
根據短文內容回答下列各問題。
11.What tree was the old man planting when the rich man saw him?
________________________________________
12. How old was the old man?
_________________________________________
13. The old man was planting the tree to get himself some fruit to eat，wasn’t he? Who was he planting the tree for?
____________________________________________
14. Did the rich man eat figs when he was a boy?
____________________________________________
15. What should we do for the people after us?
_____________________________________________
參考答案與解析：
【文章大意】一位富人見一位90歲的老人在種無花果樹，感到很驚訝。老人對他說，“我們的`祖先為我們栽樹，供我們享受，我也為我的後人們做同樣的事。”
11.He was planting a fig tree.
12. He was ninety years old.
13. No, he wasn’t. He was planting the tree for the people after him .
14. Yes, he did.
15. We should do some good things for the people after us.
展示自己的業余愛好
One day, Mr White told the class to get ready for a hobby show. All the students had the whole morning to get what they were going to show.
All the students came back on time except Bob, the laziest boy in his classmates’ eyes. It was very difficult to believe that such a boy could have a hobby. But to their surprise, Bob came back with many beautiful stamps in his hand. Mr White was very happy after watching them. However, Bob was going to take them back.
“Bob, you can’t take them back until the others watch them this afternoon,” said Mr White.
“But I’m sorry they are my brother’s,” he answered. “He doesn’t want them to be out of our home for long. He’s afraid that they will be lost.”
“Bob, you should show your own hobby here, not someone else’s” Mr White became a bit angry.
But Bob’s following words made him even angrier. “Mr White, it’s true that I have a hobby. My hobby is watching my brother collecting stamps.”
1. All the students ______ the whole morning in ______ready for the hobby show.
2. Bob was so______ that his classmates didn’t ______ he could have a hobby.
3. When Bob ______ to his classroom, he brought many beautiful ______.
4. The things in ______ hand were ______ his but his brother’s.
5. Bob thought he ______ a “hobby”. He liked ______ his brother collecting.
本文是個幽默故事，懷特先生叫全班學生展示自己的業余愛好，懶惰的Bob意外地帶來了許多郵票。經老師盤問才知郵票是他哥哥集的，他的業余愛好就是愛他哥哥集郵。
參考答案與解析：
1. spent, getting
2. lazy, think / believe
3. returned, stamps
4.Bob’s, not
5.had, watching
;㈣ 中考英語閱讀理解材料附答案
中考英語閱讀理解材料附答案
中考英語成績影響著我們高中的擇校，為了幫助大家備考2017年中考，我整理了一些英語閱讀理解題及答案，希望能對大家有所幫助!
中考英語閱讀理解【1】
When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(銷售).
There are labels(標簽)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say "dry clean only." Washing may ruin(損壞)this coat. If you do as the directions(說明)say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核實)to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.
You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身)better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _____.
A. don’t fit you
B. don’t last long
C. need to be dry cleaned
D. can be washed
2.The label inside the clothes tell you______.
A. how to keep them looking their best
B. how to save money
C. whether they fit you or not
D. where to get them dry cleaned
3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is ______.
A. to look for well-made clothes
B. to see how much money you can pay
C. to know how to wash them
D. to read the labels inside them
4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes ______.
A. are always worse made
B. must be dry cleaned
C. can not be washed
D. can sometimes fit you better
5.The best title(標題) for the reading should be ______.
A. Buying Less Expensive Clothes
B. Taking Enough Money When Shopping
C. Being a Clever Clothes Shopper
D. Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes
參考答案:1.此題為理解題，從第二段Dry cleaning is expensive. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.可以看出C答案不對，又可以從第三段很容易判斷出A和B不對。
2.此題為理解題，第二段的第二句話應該被看作主題句。從此句可以看出該題答案選擇A。一般說來，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主題句，且多位於段首或段末，有時也會夾在中間。對無主題句的篇章，考生應對文章進行分析和歸納，然後概括中心思想。
3.此題為直接題，從文章第一段第一句可以看出答案選B。
4.此題為推理題，文章中雖然沒有直接信息，但從文章第二段及第三段很容易推斷出A，B，C答案都是錯誤的。又從第三段最後一句話可以推斷出答案選D。
5.此題為概括題，此題考查文章的'標題，主要針對文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結構層次(主題句或主題段)，要求學生在理解全文後歸納短文要點，概括中心思想。考生歸納各段的主題句不難發現此題答案選擇C。
中考英語閱讀理解【2】
Dear Mr / Ms,
We are very pleased to welcome President William Taylor and Manager James Rogers to Beijing and Shanghai in April for about a week. We offer the following itinerary (行程表) for your consideration.
Monday, April 18
4:00 pm Arrive in Beijing and be met at the airport by President of Asia Trading Co. (亞洲貿易公司)
4:15 pm Leave for Great Wall Hotel
7:30 pm Dinner
Tuesday, April 19
9:30 am Discussion at Asia Trading Co. Building
2:00 pm ~ 7:00 pm Group discussions
8:00 pm Cocktail (雞尾酒) party
Wednesday, April 20
9:00 am Discussion
12:00 noon Sign the Letter of Intent (簽訂意向書)
1:30 pm Beijing Duck Dinner
3:30 pm Visit the Summer Palace
6:00 pm Take a plane for Shanghai
Yours faithfully
1. William Taylor and James Rogers will arrive in Beijing on __________.
A. Sunday B. Monday C. Tuesday D. Wednesday
2. They will at 9:30 am on April 19.
A. arrive at Great Wall Hotel
B. have a cocktail party
C. visit the Summer Palace
D. have a discussion
3. Their group discussions will last hours.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
4. They will go to Shanghai on Wednesday.
A. by car B. by train C. by air D. by ship
5. The letter is mainly about __________.
A. a plan of a journey (行程)
B. a business meeting
C. an important discussion
D. a business between two companies
參考答案:1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
中考英語閱讀理解【3】
The idea of what shaking the head means is not always the same in different countries. Maybe some visitors would be surprised when they first came to India. When talking to an Indian, he would often shake his head. The visitors might think that the Indian did not like what they said. But, in fact, they would be completely wrong.
Indians always shake their heads when they talk to each other. It does not have the same meaning as “No”. If someone wants to visit India, he should know this, or it will give him some trouble.
One day, a foreign officer went to India on business. He hired a car and an Indian to drive it. When he told his driver to send him to his office, the Indian shook his head at once. The officer said again, and the driver shook his head again. At last, the officer, of course, got angry.
“How dare you refuse my order?” he shouted. “Drive me to my office at once!”
The driver answered in quite loud voice, too. “Yes, sir!” But to the officer’s surprise, the driver shook his head at the same time.
The car started, and the foreign officer was now too surprised to say a word. He thought about it for a while, and then he nodded with a smile, “‘No’ means ‘Yes’ here!”
1. An Indian would shake his head when ______.
A. he didn’t want to do anything
B. he agreed with others
C. he talked to others
2. The foreign officer was surprised that ______.
A. the driver could not understand him
B. the driver refused his order
C. the driver shook his head as he said “Yes”
3. The sentence “‘No’ mean ‘Yes’ here!” means ______.
A. in India the words Yes and No have the same meaning
B. Indians don’t say “No” when they don’t agree with each other
C. We shake our heads to say “No”, not “Yes” as Indians do
4. What do Indians often do when they talk?
A. Smile.
B. Shake their heads.
C. Bow to each other.
5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. Shaking the head doesn’t always have the same meaning in different countries.
B. When an India shakes his head, he really means Yes.
C. In India shaking the head means No.
參考答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C
;㈤ 中考英語閱讀理解訓練題及答案解析
2017中考英語閱讀理解訓練題及答案解析
推斷題是英語閱讀理解的常見題型，吃透文章的表層意思，是推理的前提和基礎。下面是我分享的中考英語閱讀理解題，希望能對大家有所幫助!
中考英語閱讀理解【1】
You may know the English letters A, B and C. But do you know there are people called “ABC”? You may like eating bananas. But do you know there are people called “banana persons”? If you don’t know, I will tell you. They are Chinese people like you and me, but they aren’t in China.Why do people call them like that?
“ABC” means American-born Chinese. An “ABC” is a Chinese,
but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people also call them
“banana persons”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So when
a person is a banana, he or she is white (American) inside and yellow (Chinese)
outside.
They are born in America and they live in America for a long time. Even
their nationality(國籍) is American. So they think like Americans and do things
like Americans. But they still have Chinese blood(血). Their parents, grandparents
or even great-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair.
So they look like us Chinese people. For example, we all know the famous scientist
C.N.Yang. He is an “ABC” and he is a “banana person”. We like him, although(雖然)
his nationality isn’t Chinese.
57.What does “ABC” mean?
A. American-born Chinese B. American-born Canadian
C. Australian-born Chinese D. Chinese-born Chinese
58.Why do people call an “ABC” a “banana person”?
A. They look like Americans but they think like Chinese.
B. They look like Chinese but they think like Americans.
C. They like to eat bananas.
D. They can speak “ABC” very well.
59.Why do ABCs think like Americans?
A. Because they live in America for a long time
B. Because they are born in America.
C. Because they want to be Americans.
D. Both A and B.
60.What colour are their eyes and hair?
A. Their eyes and hair are black.
B. Their eyes and hair are yellow.
C. Their eyes and hair are white.
D. Their eyes and hair are black and yellow.
61.Which person of the following is a “banana person”?
A. 楊利偉 B. 科比 C. 楊振寧 D. 姚明
中考英語閱讀理解【2】
Take a look at teenagers around, dressed in baggy-pants (寬松褲), drinking soft drinks such as coke, reading Japanese cartoons. Whether you are in Beijing, Wuhan or Hong Kong, you will get the same impression. But should we others or should we maintain (保留) our differences?
It sounds convenient that people around the world speak the same language, dress in the same style, eat the same food and play the same games. If the world was like this, you won’t feel strange in any corner of world. But just imagine living in such a strange world. How ll and colorless it would be!
Different kinds of food that people can taste, the colorful and fashionable clothes that we dress in and different languages we speak are all part of the different cultures that our ancestors left us. These differences represent their creativity (創造力) and talent. And we all enjoy different cultures in our daily lives. When you travel to other places, you want to see different things. When you talk to foreigners you expect to listen to interesting stories. These differences in culture are what make life colorful.
But the whole world is shrinking into a small village as globalization (全球化) takes effect and many different cultures are disappearing. In most big cities around the world people wear the same clothes. Fast food stores are everywhere. Hollywood movies are kicking traditional performing arts out of our lives. The colors of our life are disappearing.
There is joke that even the panda and zebra want to live a colorful life. So let’s take action to protect our colorful culture before it becomes as simple as black and white.
It’s not difficult. Learning some folk songs, trying on a traditional clothing and even eating local food instead of going to KFC can help. And we’re sure you will enjoy it.
【小題1】The passage is written to _______.
A. explain cultural differences B. convince readers to maintain cultural differences
C. predict the future of globalization D. show some cultural phenomena(現象)
【小題2】The author thinks that cultural differences _______.
A. make the world colorful B. make communication difficult
C. only exist in food and clothing D. will never fade away
【小題3】The author starts the argument by ________.
A. mentioning certain cultural phenomena
B. mentioning his view at the very beginning
C. mentioning the opposite view at the very beginning
D. giving examples of cultural differences
【小題4】The underlined word “shrink” probably means “_______”.
A. expand B. disappear C. become smaller D. grow in number
【小題5】The author talks of all the following cultural phenomena except _______.
A. food B. clothing C. language D. architecture
中考英語閱讀理解【3】
People use money to buy food, books and hundreds of other things they need. When they work, they usually get paid in money.
Most of the money used today is made of metal or paper. But in the time long ago, people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells.
In China, cloth and knives were used as money. Elephant tusks(牙), monkey tail and salt were used in some parts of the world. Rice was also a kind of money used by the people in some islands. Some animals were used as money, too.
The first copper coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. Different countries have used different metals for their money. Later, some countries began to make coins of gold and silver(銀). But gold and silver were heavy to carry when people needed a lot of coins to buy something expensive. The Chinese were the
first to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.
Money has had an interesting story from the days of shell money till today.
63.People usually use money .
A.to buy gold
B.to get something they want
C.to buy shells
D.to buy something expensive
64.Long, long ago people all over the world used as money.
A.the same metal
B.the same paper
C.the different metals
D.all kinds of things
65.In the past, the ancient Chinese used to have cloth and knives .
A.as a tool
B.as money
C.as a gift
D.as a kind of goods
66. was also a kind of money used by the people in some islands.
A.Gold
B.Animals
C.Rice
D.Knives
67.The first paper money .
A.looked like the same as the paper money used today
B.1ooked interesting
C.1ooked like a note
D.had a square hole in the center
答案解析
57.A
58.B
59.D
60.A
61.C
【解析】
試題分析：本文介紹了為什麼把美籍華人稱為“ABC”and “Banana Persons”
57.細節理解題，根據文中語句““ABC” means American-born Chinese.”理解可知。“ABC”指的是美籍華人，故選A。
58.細節理解題，根據文中語句“Even their nationality(國籍) is American. So they think like Americans and do things like Americans.”理解可知。他們的思想和做事風格是美國人，但血統是中國人，故選B。
59.細節理解題，根據文中語句“They are born in America and they live in America for a long time. Even their nationality(國籍) is American. So they think like Americans and do things
like Americans.”理解可知。因為他們出生在美國，生活在美國受到了教育也是美國式的教育，故選D。
60.細節理解題，根據文中語句“They all have black eyes and black hair.So they look like us Chinese people.”理解可知。他們的外貌特徵還是一個中國人，故眼睛和頭發都是黑色的，故選A。
61.細節理解題，根據文中語句“For example, we all know the famous scientist
C.N.Yang. He is an “ABC” and he is a “banana person”. We like him, although(雖然)
his nationality isn’t Chinese.”理解可知。楊振寧就是一個ABC人。故選C。
考點：記述文閱讀
點評：本文淺顯易懂，各個小題都能在文中找到適當依據。只要認真閱讀短文，注意前後聯系，就能順利完成閱讀。文章所設試題主要考察細節查找，做題關鍵是找出原文的根據，認真核查小題和原文的異同。
62.
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】D
【解析】
試題分析：這篇短文主要討論了人們在飲食，服裝及語言方面的文化差異，告訴我們正是這些文化上的差異才讓我們的世界如此多姿多彩，因此我們要保持自己的文化特點。
【小題1】這篇短文主要討論了我們是該模仿他人還是保持自己的文化差異，並建議我們保持自己的文化差異。故選B。
【小題2】根據第二段These differences in culture are what make life colorful. 及本段描述，可知正是文化差異才讓我們的世界多姿多彩。故選A。
【小題3】根據短文第一段描述，可知作者首先列出了一些現象，繼而才提出問題，故選A。
【小題4】聯系下文into a small village as globalization (全球化)描述，可知此處指的是整個世界正在變小，故選C，變得更小。
【小題5】這篇短文主要討論了人們在飲食，服裝及語言方面的文化差異，沒有提及建築上的差異，故選D。
考點：關於文化差異的.議論文閱讀
點評：本文中長句較多，一時很難讀懂句子含義，注意多讀幾遍，不要強求非得理解一詞一句的含義，能把握文章大意就行。然後帶著問題閱讀短文，一般就能順利找出答題依據。對於不能直接找到根據的問題注意聯繫上下文，根據短文中心總結出正確答案。
63.B
64.D
65.B
66.C
67.C
【解析】
試題分析：這篇短文簡要的介紹了貨幣的發展歷史。
63.根據People use money to buy food, books and hundreds of other things they need. 可知選B
64.根據But in the time long ago, people used to use all kinds of things as money.可知選D
65.根據In China, cloth and knives were used as money. 可知選B
66.根據Rice was also a kind of money used by the people in some islands. 可知選C
67.根據The first paper money looked more like a note 可知選C
考點：關於貨幣的說明文閱讀
點評：本文淺顯易懂，層次分明，學生很容易把握文章中心內容。答題中注意帶著問題閱讀短文，一般就能順利找出答題依據。對於不能直接找到根據的問題注意聯繫上下文，根據短文中心總結出正確答案。
;㈥ 中考英語判斷推理有多少題
中考英語20個題中，常有6—8個判斷推理題。
㈦ 中考英語閱讀理解訓練題
2017中考英語閱讀理解訓練題
英語中考試卷,閱讀理解這個題型分值所佔比重最大,在卷面120分的內容當中佔到40分,難度和靈活程度也是相對較高的。為了幫助大家備考，我分享了一些中考英語閱讀理解題，希望能對大家有所幫助!
中考英語閱讀理解【1】
Fiftythree years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys.Since then，Barbie doll，as everyone called her，has become the most successful toy doll in history.Her parent，the Mattel Company，said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.
However，Barbie is facing some trouble at present.There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with her.Another doll named Bratz，for example，came to life thirteen years ago.She looks more like today's pop stars with heavy makeup(濃妝) and miniskirts.And her company offers more kinds of clothes too.
It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls.“For younger girls，playing with a Barbie is much fun.But when you get older，you want something smarter and more modern，”says Vera Shepherd，a shop assistant in a New York toy store.
It is good news that on the international market，Barbie is still No.1.Although Mattel is selling fewer Barbies in the United States these years，sales in other countries are still going up.In January 2009，Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai，where girls can shop，eat，drink or even become fashion_designers for their own Barbies.
Mattel is planning big celebrations for Barbie's 53rd birthday.Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie.How long will Barbie stay popular in the world of toy dolls?It is hard to say，but 53 is surely not the age to retire(退休).
26.Barbie's family name is________.
A.Roberts B.Millicent C.Shepherd D.Bratz
27.Barbie's trouble is that ________.
A.it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts
B.other dolls are more popular with little girls
C.other dolls are trying to beat her in the market
28.Girls can do the following in the first Barbie Shop in Shanghai except________.
A.going shopping B.taking photos
C.drinking juice
29.What's the meaning of the underlined words “fashion designers”in the passage?
A.珠寶設計師B.發型設計師
C.服裝設計師
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.First Barbie Shop in Shanghai
B.Barbie's Past and Present
C.Barbie's 53rd Birthday Party
中考英語閱讀理解【2】
Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us.Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect.It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning (推理的) skills.Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.
For example，you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket.This is the effect.To look for a cause，think to yourself，“What would make someone put on a heavy jacket?”Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather.Maybe the person works in the penguin pen (企鵝圈養地) at Sea World.Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold.All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.
Now，think about a second example.The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher's office.What are the possible causes?Maybe he bullied (欺負) another student.Maybe he is just being picked up early.Maybe he is being given a prize!
Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect.Cait，13，was trying to fall asleep when her 8yearold brother，Doug，came into her room.He looked around a bit，but seemed really out of it.Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while.Little brothers can be very strange，but this was really much too strange.Cait didn't know what to do.Just then，Cait's father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking.What's the cause and effect，could you tell?
16.According to the second paragraph，which of the following is an effect?
A.Someone puts on a heavy jacket.
B.Someone works in the penguin pen.
C.Someone will go outside into cold weather.
D.Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink.
17.Abi has to go to the head teacher's office.Which of the following isn't the possible cause?
A.He bullied another student.
B.He is going shopping.
C.he is being picked up early.
D.He is being given a prize.
18.What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?
A.He was going outside.
B.He was reading a story.
C.He was sleepwalking.
D.He was looking for his dad.
19.Which of the following is cause and effect?
A.Tony got up and had a glass of water.
B.We came home and found him sleeping.
C.The ball was lost and a window was broken.
D.Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.
20.What is the best title for the text?
A.Truth and lies B.Work and sleep
C.Cause and effect D.Life and dreams
中考英語閱讀理解【3】
Ask any student which subject he or she hates most.9 out of 10 students will answer “math”.No matter which country you visit，no matter which grade you are in，you may not learn art，geography，chemistry or Chinese，but you always learn math.Why is this so?How come so many students hate math，and yet cannot avoid learning it in school?
Jenny Sanders，a high school student in California，asks，“What good do we get from learning math?We can use computers to compute numbers，and we can use computers to store information.I think learning math at school is a waste of time.”
However，there is much more to math than just learning to add and subtract(減) numbers.In fact，math is not so much about calculation (計算) as it is about learning to think logically (邏輯地) and solving problems.Of course，Jenny was right that we can use computers to do calculations，but how would we even know how to use the computer if we can't think logically?In short，computers are only tools when solving problems.
For example，imagine you are a cook and must serve dinner to 100 guests.How should you divide your resources so that you can get the job done most efficiently (高效地)?In situations like this，the ability to think logically will get you to a reasonable answer and solve your problem.
21.According to the passage，which subject do students always learn in different grades at school?
A.Chinese.B.Math.C.Geography.
22.What does Jenny Sanders think of learning math?
A.Interesting. B.Boring. C.Useless.
23.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.90% of the students hate learning math.
B.Students can learn math well with computers.
C.Math can do calculations and store information.
24.What does the underlined word “resources” mean in the passage?
A.科目 B.效率 C.資源
25.What does the writer want to tell us?
A.Math is just learning to add and subtract numbers.
B.Math can be good for both our body and our mind.
C.Math helps us think logically and solve problems.
;㈧ 初中英語閱讀理解技巧及套路
閱讀理解在中考英語中，不僅是分數上的重頭，也是難度上的重頭。下面我為大家總結了初中英語閱讀理解技巧及套路，僅供大家參考。
數字和年代
中考 閱讀 中經常出現對於數字和年代等細節的考查，看似容易，但是考生經常由於疏忽大意而失掉這些最容易的分數。
策略：
其中要注意以下幾點原則：
① 如果出現需要進行運算的題目，一般來說文章的原始數據不是正確答案;
② 如果答案中的四個數字或者時間都與文章的某一個部分相符合，那麼要注意這些數字和時間所對應的不同問題，只選擇與題目相關的那個數據;
③ 要注意年份和世紀之間的差別，比如1999 年就是20 世紀，2009年就是21 世紀，也就是說世紀的數字是年份的前兩個數字加1。
推理判斷題
既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態度、意圖及文章細節的發展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。這類試題常以如下句式發問：
What can you conclude(下結論)from this passage?
What』s the author』s attitude(態度)towards...?
We can infer from the passage that...
Which statement is ( not ) true?
做這類題要求考生在閱讀同時，抓住文章的主題和細節，分析文章結構，根據上下文內在聯系，挖掘文章的深層含義。其次，對於暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機、事件中的因果關系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態度、觀點等要進行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進一步加強理解，抓住實質性的東西。
首尾突破
對一具體問題不要局限於一詞一事，而應從短文整體考慮，從主線向外擴展，打開思路，前後上下對照。這樣，可減少「鑽牛角尖」和「繁瑣分析」。而且，在中考試題中，即使是事實和細節題，也是「圍繞或用以說明主旨和大意」的。
大多數 英語 短文，尤其是新聞報道或議論文的第一段，或每段的第一句，常包含了全文的主要信息或基本觀點;而結尾部分常是結局或結論。寓言或幽默文字的結尾也往往是點晴之筆或值得玩味之處。因此，抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛盾，主要矛盾解決了，次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。
以上就是我為大家總結的初中英語閱讀理解技巧及套路，僅供參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
㈨ 初中英語閱讀理解題型
初中英語閱讀理解題型
英語閱讀理解題是中考英語常見的題型之一,且佔比分較大,讓學生熟悉常見的題型,掌握正確的答題技巧及解題步驟,可收到"事半功倍"的效果。下面就由我來跟大家介紹一下初中英語閱讀理解常見題型及答題技巧吧!
【初中英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧】
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時，應通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題，體現中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數字等，閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應根據短文中的相關語句，對與事實有關的細節加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞，大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然後將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
(五)正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應先看題，後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。 初中英語閱讀理解題已成為評估學生英語水平的重要測試題型，在中考英語試卷中所佔比重較大。閱讀理解題主要是考查學生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力，包括細節理解能力、詞義判斷能力、歸納概括能力及邏輯推理能力等。大致來說，閱讀理解題主要針對如下方面：
(1) 個別詞語或句子;(2)某一細節或情節;(3)主題;(4)背景知識;(5)結論或結局;(6) 內涵隱意或寓意等。下面本人就根據閱讀理解題的題型特點，來談一些答題技巧。
一、直接理解題
這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。此類題目的出題形式很多，例如：
(1)Which of the following statements is true / false?
(2)Which of the following is(not)mentioned?
(3)How many / How much / Where / How / What„„?
(4)What does the writer think about?
(5)Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
要快速辨認和記憶事實或細節，就需要恰當地使用查閱的方法。查閱是讀者在對材料有所了解的情況下進行的，它的特點是帶著問題去尋找答案，往往與略讀綜合使用，具體方法與步驟如下：
(1)略讀材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。
(2)按文章的體裁、作者寫作的組織模式及有關信息詞，如for example，first，second„„預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
(3)將自己的精力放在尋找所需要的細節上，快速通篇閱讀，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形掃視，待找到含有相關細節的句子時，就要放慢速度，仔細核對，比較內容，直至找到答案。
二、語義理解題
在閱讀中，我們經常會遇到一些生詞，需要根據上下文猜測它們的意思。此類問題考查學生緊扣原文，根據上下文語境判斷單詞、詞語或短句意義的能力。常見的題型有：直接對生詞進行解釋;對多義詞或短語在文章具體語言環境中的意義作出准確判斷;對英語中的一些格言或諺語進行解釋;對文中一些代詞的指代對象作出界定等。這種題型常見的設題方式如下：
(1)The underlined word(phrase)in the passage means______.
(2)The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.
(3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.
(4)What does the underlined word“„”refer to______.
(5)By „ the writer means______.
在做此類題時，考生應緊扣原文，根據上下文語境進行判斷，切不要望文生義或斷章取義，也不能只選擇自己熟悉的意思。猜測詞義的常見方法有：
1)根據構詞法猜測詞義;
(2)根據上下文猜測詞義;
(3)根據定義或解釋猜測詞義;
(4)根據同義詞、反義詞以及對比關系猜測詞義;
(5)根據生活常識猜測詞義。
三、邏輯推理題
推理判斷試題屬於深層閱讀理解題。它要求考生盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎上，嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。這種題型常見的設題方式有：
(1)From the text，it can be inferred that______.
(2)The passage suggests that______.
(3)Which of the following best describes______.
(4)The writer’s attitude towards„is______.
(5)From the text，we learn that______.
這種題目有一定難度，解答時必須根據上下文及相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態度等文外之意加以推理。解此類題目可從以下幾方面入手：
(1)根據常識判斷。即解題時，除弄清文意外，還需藉助生活常識、風土人情、傳說掌故、名人軼事等進行判斷。
(2)根據知識判斷。即解題時，運用一些一般性知識，如天文、地理、文學、藝術、科技等自然科學和社會科學知識。
(3)根據計算判斷。即解題時，運用一些數學知識進行和差、面積、體積、速度等方面的運算。
(4)根據情節判斷。即解題時，從情節所提供的基本事實出發，尋找一定規律，如時間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據。這種題目最容易出現，考生要從時間、地點、事件的情節安排與發展中，深入探討其邏輯關系及隱喻、引申等因素。
四、歸納總結題
這種題型要求學生在理解全文的基礎上，對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題，都需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學語言知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內在信息。常見的設題方式有：
(1)The general idea of the passage is about______.
2)The main idea of the article is______.
(3)The main purpose of this selection is______.
4)The passage suggests that______.
5)Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?
具體解題時，應注意一些技巧：
(1)首先看短文的開頭和結尾，確定短文題材，預測其內容。每段的第一句話往往會提供重要信息，可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
(2)速讀全文，整體理解短文大意，抓住關鍵詞語，弄清文章的主旨。
(3)根據已知短文內容，著手解題。可先將文後的選擇題看一下，然後帶著問題再去閱讀。這樣做，一方面有助於對文章進一步理解，另一方面可以有針對性地從文章中尋找答案。
(4)迅速復讀全文，檢查自己的理解是否正確，所選答案是否前後矛盾。通過全面考慮，最後確定答案。
一.教學大綱對閱讀理解的要求
(一)初中英語教學大綱對學生閱讀上的基本要求：
1.能閱讀難度相當於課文的材料，理解其大意。
2.能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內的材料，生詞率不超過3%。
3.閱讀速度要求每分鍾50-70詞。
(二)中考閱讀理解的考點
1.文章的話題—略讀文章，領會文章大意的題。
2.文章的中心題—歸納，概括的能力。
3.文章的細節—掃讀或細讀文章，以獲得某些特地信息或准確的尋找所需細節的能力。
4.文章的寓意，結論-領會作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結論。
5.生詞詞意，猜詞—對生詞詞意的判斷能力。
(三)中考閱讀理解考察的文體
1.記敘文—抓住人物，地點，時間，情節發展線索。
2.說明文—要以事物為中心進行思考。抓住事物的特徵，用途，相互關系等。
(四)解題思路與技巧
1.快速瀏覽全文，掌握大意。
2.仔細審題，分析比較選項 。
3.帶著問題復讀，捕捉關鍵信息，解答問題。
4.再讀全文，核對答案。
二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面，
充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。
做閱讀理解練習應先看問題，弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數，快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序，應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題，因為細節題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解，再作判斷。
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時，應通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題，體現中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數字等，閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應根據短文中的.相關語句，對與事實有關的細節加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞，大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然後將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
1.通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因後果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語，如happy and gay，即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構詞法猜詞
在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞彙，有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.
從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，於是便有一段乾旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，准確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。
(五)正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應先看題，後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。
;㈩ 中考英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法
初中生做英語閱讀理解可以注意一些方法技巧，下面我為大家總結了中考英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法，僅供大家參考。
細節事實題的解題方法
做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項中的關鍵字，一般為數字、大寫或人名地名，再通過scanning快速確定該細節在文中的出處(信息源)，仔細對照題干要求，排除或選擇。命題者在出這類題時慣用「偷梁換柱、張冠李戴」的手法來迷惑考生，即對原句細微處做改動，截取原文詞語或結構進行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。所以正確理解題乾和信息句的意義是關鍵。細節事實題還要十分注意句子的非主幹成分，如定語、狀語、補語等，這些成分都是出題者常進行誤導的落腳點。
是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項進行「三對一錯或三錯一對」的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句，要學會找出其主幹部分，分析句子結構，正確理解信息句的意義。一定要注意的是，要所答是所問，不要受到慣勢思維的影響，習慣性地去選擇正確的細節事實，切記要弄清問題，不要所答非所問。
推理判斷
此類題的關鍵是要注意原文出現的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷，而是原文給出的細節信息，所以原文語句不能選。判斷時對已知的事實仔細評價後做出的合理決定並非唯一決定，要對事實進行合乎情理的判斷，有時還需藉助常識進行判斷。
推理判斷題分兩種，即對細節的推理和對主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等進行提問。解決此類題要注意，一是與原文相同的細節不能選，二是文中沒有出現的細節不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點，再結合做細節和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。
養成良好的解題習慣
同樣一篇 閱讀 ，有的學生用5分鍾做完，有的學生用30分鍾。這個現象很常見，主要原因在於做題注意力是否集中。多半學生在做閱讀時，讀著讀著就走神了，等回過神來前面讀了什麼就忘了，周而復始，30分鍾過去了，好不容易做完，准確率還不高。
閱讀是一個連貫性的題型，需要注意力集中，專心致志去分析文章。針對於那些容易走神的學生，建議計時做題，有了時間的約束，可以時刻提醒自己集中於文章;或者有些同學就是對大篇幅的文章有厭讀情緒，那麼可以從問題和選項入手，在問題和選項中找出關鍵詞，了解文章大概，帶著問題有針對性的到文章找答案。
以上就是我為大家總結的中考 英語 閱讀理解的技巧和方法，僅供參考，希望對大家有所幫助。