vulnerable四級英語真題

① 2015年12月英語四級高頻詞彙

下面是我整理的2015年12月英語四級高頻詞彙，歡迎參考。

peer n.同齡人，同等地位的人;貴族 vi.仔細看，費力地看

典型例句：Comparing students with their peers outside university, they are more likely to have emotional problems.

譯文：與大學之外的同輩人相比較而言，這些學生更有可能產生賀衡感情方面的問題。

名師導學：常考片語peer at/into(凝視);peer through(費力地看);without peer(無比的，無匹的)，peer pressure(來自同伴或同事的壓力)。

想一想：peerless

Key:a.無比的，無雙的，絕世的

penalty n.處罰，懲罰，罰金

歷年真題：Some people argue that the death penalty does not necessarily rece the number of murders.(2006年6月詞彙)

譯文：一些人認為死刑並不是減少謀殺的必要手段。

名師導學：片語on/under penalty of(違者受……處罰);a penalty kick(罰球);death penalty(死刑)。

penetrate vt.透入，滲入，進入;刺穿;洞察，了解

典型例句：The nail penetrated all the way through the wood.

譯文：釘子把木頭釘穿。

巧記：聯想記憶，p(音似：破)+ enter(看做enter進入)+ate——破入——刺穿

想一想：①penetrating ②penetration ③penetrable ④penetrant ⑤penetrative

Key:①a.尖銳的，深刻地;響亮地;聰明的，有洞察力的 ②n.穿透，滲入;敏銳，洞察力 ③a.可穿透的 ④a.透入的，透徹的 n.滲透劑 ⑤a.深入的，貫穿的;有透入力的;(冷風.等)刺骨的：(思想等)深刻的，深入人心的;敏銳的，眼光銳利的

pension n.養老金，撫恤金 vt.發給……養老金(退職金、撫恤金等)

歷年真題：They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.

譯文：除非他們多工作幾年，否則他們拿不到全部的養老金。

名師導學：片語pension off(發給禪碧做養老金使退休);retire on a pension(領養老金退休)。

想一想：①pensioner ②pension scheme ③pensionary

Key:①n.領取養老金或撫恤金者 ②(按期繳款以後可令養老金的)養老金計劃 ③領養老金(退休金)過活的 n.被金錢收買的人，幫佣

pepper n.胡椒，胡椒粉 vt.在……慧渣上撒(胡椒粉等)，使布滿

典型例句：Hailstones peppered the lawn.

譯文：冰雹密密地打在草坪上。

名師導學：片語take pepper in the nose/grow pepper(發怒，動氣);pepper-and-salt(衣料黑白點相間的)。

想一想：①peppermint ②peppery ③pepper box/caster/castor

Key:①n.薄荷 ②a.胡椒的，胡椒似的;胡椒味的;易怒的，暴躁的 ③n.胡椒瓶/盒

paw n.爪子 v.用爪子抓，用蹄刨

典型例句：The cat pawed the mouse she had caught.

譯文：貓用爪子擺弄她捉到的老鼠。

名師導學：片語a velvet(貓的肉爪;笑面虎，笑裡藏刀);make somebody a cat's paw/make a cat's paw ofsomebody(利用人做爪牙);paw foot(傢具的撐腳)。

巧記：聯想記憶，我看見(saw)雪地上的爪子(paw)印

payment n.支付，支付的款項

典型例句：Your check has been refused payment.

譯文：你的支票已被拒絕兌付。

名師導學：片語payment at full(付清);payment by installments(分期攤付);payment onaccount(分期償還);payments on terms(定期付款);payment suspend(無力支付，宣布破產)。

巧記：pay(付錢)+ment(名詞詞綴)=支付

pea n.豌豆

典型例句：For supper we had chicken, mashed potatoes and peas.

譯文：晚飯我們吃了雞肉、土豆泥和豌豆。

想一想：①like two peas in a pod ②pea soup ③pea souper

Key:①一模一樣;極為相像 ②豌豆湯;不中用的人 ③(尤指倫敦的)黃色濃霧

peak n.山頂，頂點 a.最大值的，高峰的 vi.達到高峰，達到最大值

歷年真題：There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest.

譯文：一天之中好像有幾段高峰時期，在這些時期我們都處於極度荒謬可笑的狀態。

想一想：①peaked ②peak-hour ③peak-load

Key:①a.尖頂的，有尖頂的;消瘦的，虛弱的 ②adj.高峰時刻的 ③n.最大負載，高峰負荷

peculiar a.奇怪的，古怪的;特有的

典型例句：These ladies have a peculiar way of life——isolated, unconventional and ready toaccept what is offered by others.

譯文：這些女人有古怪的生活方式——孤僻、不合傳統，樂於接受別人提供的幫助。

名師導學：常考片語be peculiar with/about sth.(對……有特殊嗜好)。

pat n.輕拍 a.非常恰當的，適時的

典型例句：There are no pat solutions to all the world'sproblems.

譯文：沒有合適的辦法可以解決世界上所有的問題。

名師導學：a pat on the back(鼓勵);pat oneself on theback(自我滿足);pat(sb.)on the back(拍背表示稱贊、祝賀、鼓勵等)。

patch n.補丁;斑，與周圍不同的部分;一小塊地 vt.補，修補

典型例句：You have to patch up such a problem by yourself.

譯文：這樣的問題你只能自己解決。

名師導學：片語patch up(解決爭吵、麻煩等;修補，草草修理);make a patch against(可與……相比);not a patch on(比……差得遠，遠不及);strike a bad patch(口語：倒霉);合成詞patch work(拼湊成的東西，湊合物)。

patience n.忍耐，耐心

歷年真題：A teacher must be capable of infinite patience.(2003年6月快速閱讀)

譯文：老師必須要有足夠的耐心。

名師導學：片語be out of/have no patience with(對……不能忍耐：受不了);lose all(one's)patience with(對……發脾氣);with patience(耐心地)。

patient n.病人，患者 a.融心的，容忍的，忍耐的

歷年真題：It carries faint noises from a patient's chest to a doctor's ear.

譯文：它使得來自病人胸腔的微弱聲音能傳到醫生的耳朵里。

名師導學：a sick person泛指生病的人，而patient指接受醫院或醫生治療的病人;做形容詞是“耐心的”意思，常見的搭配為be patient with sth./sb.。

想一想：①in-patient ②out-patient

Key:①n.住院病人 ②n.門診病人

pattern n.型，式樣，模型 vt.仿製，使照……的樣子

典型例句：Their studies revealed a consistent pattern in the history of the country's economy.

譯文：他們的研究揭示了該國經濟史的一貫模式。

名師導學：片語after the pattern of(仿……);pattern maker(服裝設計師)。

partner n.夥伴，合夥人，搭檔，配偶 vi.做……的搭檔

典型例句：I can't partner with that guy.

譯文：我不能跟那個傢伙做搭檔。

名師導學：片語a partner in crime(共犯);an actingpartner(合股人);partner for life(終身配偶)。

passion n.激情，熱情，酷愛

典型例句：Hate and fear are passions.

譯文：憎恨和恐懼是強烈的情感。

名師導學：片語be in a passion(憤怒，發脾氣);be subject to fits of passion(動不動就發怒);break/burst into a passion of tears(突然大哭起來);fall/get into a passion(發怒，發脾氣);fly into a passion(勃然大怒);have a passion for(對……有強烈的愛好);up into apassion(勃然大怒)。

巧記：pass(感覺)+ion——有感覺才有激情

passive a.被動的，消極的

歷年真題：It assumes we're all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity.

譯文：一般人認為在不幸面前我們都是脆弱和消極的。

巧記：詞根記憶，pass(感覺)+ive(……的)——沒感覺的——被動的，消極的

想一想：①active ②passivism ③passivity

Key:①a.積極的，主動的 ②n.被動的行為，被動性;消極主義 ③n.被動，被動性，消極怠工;默從，忍受;被動語態的結構

passport n.護照

名師導學：片語go without a passport<美俚>(自殺);passport to one's favor(得寵)。

paste n.漿糊 vt.粘，貼

名師導學：bean paste(豆瓣醬);tooth paste(牙膏);a man of a different paste(氣質不同凡響的人)。

② 求2011年12月份英語四級的快速閱讀及答案

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentence with the information given in the passage.
Why IntegrityMatters
What Is Integrity?
The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standardsfor oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also livingup to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by andfollows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be cloudedby stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.
What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? Wefeel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationshipswith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personalor professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integritymust be one of our most important goals.
Risky Business
We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, makingprocess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of characteris whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we didand then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.
Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, wecan't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules andbe aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism(剽竊) may accidentallyuse words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep carefulresearch notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. Butthe fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconct, Ignorance is not a defense.
"But EverybodyDoes It"
Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to foolthemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone elsedoes it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade."Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even thoughI'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I』mjust checking my answers, not ing." We must be honest about our actionsand avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anythingwrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.
To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask howyou would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're takinga risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
EvaluatingRisks
To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences,in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to othersas well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus onimmolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequencesof getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment,an "F" in the class, suspension (暫令停學) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact,when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others thepower to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable(脆弱的) position.There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justifysuch a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.
Getting Awaywith it - Or Not
Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test, which deprives (剝奪) him her of an ecation. Cheating undermines confidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guiltyand afraid of getting caught.
Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheatsagain, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier."This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually,the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.
Cheating HurtsOther, Too
Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count"and don't really hurt anyone. But indivial choices have an intense cumulative(累積的) effect. Cheatingcan spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％or more of college students cheat. Ifa class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is nocurve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressuredto join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheatingalso has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeingstudents learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're tryingto teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others."The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your ecation. Finally,cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hardfor their degree.
Why IntegrityMarten
If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buyfood, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harmthat is caused when indivials forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty canhave. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and,of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrityof political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take atremendous toll on our nation's economy and our indivial well-being. For example,but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to rece thenational debt and pay for ecation.
In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to buildthe kind of world in which we want to live.
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
1. A personof integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makesthem known to others
C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitatescommunication
C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect
3. why mustwe learn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.
C. So that we don』t break any rules. D. So that we don』t run into trouble.
4. Violationof a rule is misconct even if _______?
A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed tobe unintentional.
C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn』t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to otherpeople』s advice.
C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will often become more cautious B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn』t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay more dearly B) become more confident
C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky
8. Cheatersat exam don』t care about their ecation, all they care about is how to __________.
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on ___________.
10. Many Americanslost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of __________.
1. A person ofintegrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks tothem in their daily life
B) makes themknown to others
C) understandstheir true values
D)sees thatothers also follow them
【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life
【解析】第一題的答案就在全文第一句.關鍵詞是not only…. But also…. ，關鍵句是The key to integrity is consistency--not onlysetting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respectfor others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 這里的live up to 和選項里的 stick to 屬於同義替換.
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps tocreate team spirit
B) Itfacilitates communication
C) It is thebasis of mutual trust
D) It inspiresmutual respect
【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust
【解析】關鍵詞是personal and professional，關鍵句是Trust is essential in any important relationship,whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest orunfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
結合緊接著的問句，我們很容易鎖定trust這個選項.
3. why must welearn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensurewe make responsible choices.
B. To avoidbeing overwhelmed by stress.
C. so that wedon』t break any rules.
D. so that wedon』t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】關鍵詞是identify the risks，關鍵句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we'retaking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明顯是A.
4. Violationof a rule is misconct even if _______?
A. it hascaused no harm.
B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
C. it has goneunnoticed.
D. it iscommitted with good intentions.
【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
【解析】關鍵詞是misconct，關鍵句是But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does notexcuse the misconct. 和原文意義高度一致的，就是這個unintentional.因此答案是：B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn』t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoidmaking excuses.
B. Listen toother people』s advice.
C. Make hisintensions public.
D. Have otherswatch over his shoulder.
【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.
【解析】關鍵詞是fool oneself，關鍵句是To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test這里的watch out for 和選項里的avoid屬於同義替換.所以答案是A.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will oftenbecome more cautious
B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. valueimmediate benefits most.
D. may loseeverything in the end
【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.
【解析】關鍵詞是regret later，關鍵句是Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediatebenefits ("what's in it for me").很明顯，選項 value immediate benefits most 是正確答案.這里的value 和 focus on 屬於同義替換.
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn』t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay moredearly
B) become moreconfident
C) be widelyadmired
D) feelsomewhat lucky
【答案】A) pay more dearly
【解析】關鍵詞是get caught，關鍵句是Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. 這里的higher price 和選項里的more dearly 屬於同義替換.所以答案是A.
8. Cheaters atexam don』t care about their ecation, all they care about is how to steal agrade.
【答案】steal a grade
【解析】關鍵詞：care about
關鍵句：I'm not interested in what you're trying toteach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect onothers."
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on people』s honesty and good faith.
【答案】honesty and good faith
【解析】關鍵詞是rely on，關鍵句是We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.
10. ManyAmericans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result ofthe Watergate scandal.
【答案】the Watergate scandal
【解析】關鍵詞是political and economic leaders，關鍵句是Watergate, have undermined the faith of manyAmericans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as awhole.

③ 新東方大學英語四級考試核心高頻詞彙突破 Word版

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④ 英語四六級聽力原文

2021年12月英語四級聽力試題原文

⑤ 求有關 金融危機 題材 的英語作文，英語四級水平的，120-150字左右，謝謝

EVEN by the standards of the worst financial crisis for at least a generation, the events of Sunday Spetember14th and the day before were extraordinary. The weekend began with hopes that a deal could be struck, with or without government backing, to save Lehman Brothers, America』s fourth-largest investment bank. It ended with Lehman』s set for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the bank preparing to wind itself up after those efforts failed. Other vulnerable financial giants scrambled to sell themselves or raise enough capital to stave off a similar fate. Merrill Lynch, the third-biggest investment bank, sold itself to Bank of America (BofA), an erstwhile Lehman suitor, in a $50 billion all-stock deal. American International Group (AIG) brought forward a potentially life-saving overhaul and went cap-in-hand to the Federal Reserve.

非本人原創

⑥ 英語四級 閱讀理解 ，求題目及答案解析

四級仔細閱讀答題技巧：
(1) 細節題
在做細節題時，首先應當仔細閱讀題目，弄清題目的具內體要求容，以及所給4個選項，然後在題目或選項中確定關鍵詞，再利用關鍵詞迴文章中定位，找出文章中相對應的細節性句子，與4個選項進行對照，以確定正確答案。
(2) 主旨題
首先要確定文章有無主題句，以及主題句在文章中的位置。文章的主題句通常位於首段或尾段，有時也出現在文章的中間段落。段落的主題句通常位於段首或段尾，有時也在段落的中間。
(3) 推理題
推理題在大學英語四級考試閱讀理解中是比較難的一類試題，切忌主觀臆斷，推理必須基於文章中的具體事實細節。做題時雖不能直接找到答案，但一定要在文中找到推測的依據，進行合理嚴密的推斷。
(4) 觀點態度題
在回答態度類問題時，對文章體裁的考查是一個非常重要的方面。一般來說，在說明文中作者的態度是客觀的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在議論文中，作者的觀點才會顯得多種多樣。